• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.57-66
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• 2016

This study was to evaluate the effects of oral health education conducted on air force personnel according to the use of disclosing solution. They were divided into 3 groups: Group A: oral health education was not conducted, Group B: oral health education was conducted without using disclosing solution, and Group C: oral health education was conducted using disclosing solution. The subjects who had not participated in the education at least once were excluded, and the remaining 83 subjects received oral health education four times and one time each week. The probing depth, plaque index, gingival index, and bleeding on probing were measured one week before the implementation of the first oral health education and one week after the implementation of the fourth oral health education. The results of verifying the homogeneity of the clinical indices before the oral health education showed statistically significant differences in bleeding on probing among the three groups. The results of comparing the clinical indices among the three groups after the oral health education exhibited statistically significant differences in the plaque and gingival indices among the three groups. Groups B and C showed lower values than Group A. The comparison of the clinical indices before and after the oral health education showed statistically significant improvements in all clinical indices after the education in Group C. The results suggested that the oral health education using disclosing solution could maximize that visual effects and encourage self-motivation, consequently improve the oral hygiene of the patients.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.1117-1123
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• 2015

Objectives: The purpose of the study was to examine the influencing factors of oral health-related quality of life in adults. Methods: A self-reported questionnaire was completed by 300 adults in Seoul and Gyeonggido from June to July, 2015 by convenience sampling method. Except 19 incomplete answers, 281 data were analyzed by t test, one way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient analysis, and multiple linear regression analysis using SPSS 18.0 program. The questionnaire consisted of general characteristics of the subjects, health-related characteristics, whole body dry symptoms and subjective perception of dry mouth. The oral health-related quality of life was measured by Likert five points scale, and a higher score indicated a lower quality of life. Results: The oral health-related quality of life in adult varied by age, systemic diseases, oral health status, missing tooth, stress, decayed tooth, gingival disease. The oral health-related quality of life had positive correlations with the subjective perception of dry mouth and whole body dry symptoms. The subjective perception of dry mouth(${\beta}$=0.245) had the influence on the oral health-related quality of life, oral health status(${\beta}$=-0.209), gingival disease(${\beta}$=-0.151), and decayed tooth(${\beta}$=-0.146) in order. Conclusions: The oral health-related quality of life was closely related to the subjective perception of dry mouth and the oral health status. It is necessary to develop the quality of life improvement programs including oral health prevention and care program in the adults.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.296-305
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• 2016

Narrow zone of attached gingiva and shallow vestibule around the implants might contribute to difficulty of cleasing, periimplant mucositis caused by incomplete cleansing and further peri-implantitis. The aim of this case report is to present modification of soft tissue biotype around the implants by free gingival grafts according to timing of surgical intervention and shape of free gingiva. A 44 year-old male patient had a missing area on lower right second molar area with 1 to 2 mm of narrow attached gingiva zone and wanted to be treated by implant placement. In radiographic analysis, there was enough alveolar bone to install an implant, free gingiva from hard palate was grafted following implant placement using double layer flap. The width of attached gingival was increased to 4 to 5mm and well maintained during 5 months of follow up. A 69 year-old female patient also had a missing area on lower right first and second molar area with 1 to 2 mm narrow attached gingiva. Since she had systematically angina pectoris and dental phobia, minimal invasive free gingival graft after implants placement was planned. After 2 months of implant surgery, free gingival graft surgery was performed with healing abutments connection. The grafted gingiva was composed of two strip shaped free gingiva, and they were immobilized by periodontal pack. The width of attached gingival was increased to 4 to 5mm and well maintained during 10 months of follow up. With prosthesis delivery, the patients recovered ideal periodontal environment around implants and masticatory function. In conclusion, periodontal health and masticatory function could be achieved through implant placement and free gingival graft.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.133-143
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• 1998

Diabetes mellitus is a systemic disease with profound effects on oral health and periodontal wound healing. Uncontrolled diabetes adversely affects surgical wound healing and is often associated with abnormal proliferation of fibroblasts. Human gingival fibroblasts and PDL cells were chosen because they are intimately involved in periodontal therapy and are important for the success of surgical procedure such as guided tissue regeneration. The aim of the present study was to elucidate whether cellular activity and collagen synthesis by glucose pre-treated human gingival fibroblasts and PDL cells are influenced by insulin, and whether healthy cells differ from glucose treated cells. Cells were cultured with DMEM at $37^{\circ}C$, 5% $CO_2$, 100% humidified incubator. To evaluate the effect of glucose on gingival fibroblasts and periodontal ligament cells, the cells were seeded at a cell density of $1{\times}10^4\;cells/well$ culture plates and treated with 20 and 50mM of glucose for 5 days. Then MTT assay was carried out. To evaluate the effect of insulin on glucose-pretreated cells, the cells were seeded at a cell density of $1{\times}10^4\;cells/well$ culture plates and treated with 20 and 50mM of glucose for 5 days. After incubation, $10^3$, $10^4$ and $10^5mU/l$ of insulin were also added to the each well and incubated for 2 days, respectively. Then, MTT assay and collagen synthesis assay were carried out. The results indicate that cellular activity of gingival fibroblasts significantly increased by glucose while periodontal ligament cells were unaffected and cellular activity of gingival fibroblasts and periodontal ligament cells were unaffected by insulin. Collagen synthesis of gingival fibroblast with 20mM glucose and insulin unaffected, but 50mM glucose and insulin increased than control. Collagen synthesis of periodontal ligament cell with 20mM glucose and $10^5mU/l$ insulin significantly increased than other groups and 50mM glucose pretreated PDL cells significantly increased at $10^3mU/l$ insulin but decreased at $10^4mU/l$ insulin. Our findings indicated that these cell types differed in their growth response to glucose, and the increase in collagen synthesis was significantly raised at insulin level of $10^3mU/l$ in gingival fibroblasts and periodontal ligament cells except 20mM glucose pretreated periodontal ligament cells.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.56-66
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• 1995

It is very important to understand the chief complaint of a patient prior to evaluation of prognosis and establishment of treatment plan. The purpose of this study was to prepare the basic data available for dental practitioners in establishing the treatment plan of periodontal patients. The chief complaints were statistically analyzed according to age and sex from 5.843 periodontal cases(age range: $20{\sim}70,male$: 3,048, female: 2,795) by means of Chi-Square Test in Microstat program. The results were as follows : 1.The proportion of each chief complaint, except routine check was in the following order: pain(32.84%) ; gingival swelling(13.35%); tooth mobility(13.2S%); hypersensitivity(12.53%) ; gingival bleeding(8.45%) ; pus discharge(8.33%) ; food impaction(3.80%); gingival recession(3.59%); halitosis(2.70%) ; itching sensation(1.90%); spacing(O.48%) ; implant(O.39%) ; gingival discoloration(0.38%). 2. The pain was the predominant chief complaint of periodontal patients regardless of age and sex(p

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.249-255
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• 2002

Zea Mays L. has been known to be effective for improving tissue health and Magnoliae cortex to have effective antibacterial and antimicrobial activity against pathogenic microbes. The purpose of this study was to examine the antimicrobial effects of Zea Mays L. and Magnoliae cortex extract mixtures on periodontal pathogens(Prevotella intermedia, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Streptococcus mutans )and to examine the effects on human gingival fibroblast cellular activity. Zea Mays L. and Magnoliae cortex extracts and their mixtures were prepared with various mixing ratios (0.5:1, 1:1, 1.5:1, 2:1). These extracts were loaded to periodontal pathogen cultured petri dish for antimicrobial test and also loaded to cultured human gingival fibroblast for cellular activity test. Each test was repeated 3 times and data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA with 95% confidence level. Mixture of these two extracts showed greater amount of inhibition area on periodontal pathogen and more improved gingival fibroblast activity as Zea Mays L. ratio reduced. So, mixture ratio 0.5:1 (Zea Mays L. : Magnoliae cortex) group showed statistical significance in antimicrobial activity and cellular activity among various mixtures(p < 0.05). In conclusion, 0.5:1 (Zea Mays L. : Magnoliae cortex) mixture possessed best gingival fibroblast cellular activity and antimicrobial activity toward periodontal pathogens.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.99-107
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• 2022

Background: Obesity weakens acquired immunity and causes infection. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the inflammatory markers in the gingival crevicular fluid and serum and periodontal bacteria in saliva through obesity control for 4 weeks. Methods: Forty-six subjects with a body mass index (BMI) of ≥23 kg/m² stayed in the camp for 4 weeks, followed by exercise and a low salt-low fat diet. Body size measurements, oral examinations, blood, saliva, and gingival crevicular fluid were collected before and after the program. C-reactive protein (CRP) in serum, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-8, MMP-9, and interleukin (IL)-1β in the gingival sulcus fluid were measured. After extracting bacterial genomic DNA from saliva, the presence of periodontal bacteria were detected using Taq probe. The relationship of each index before and after the program was analyzed through paired t-test and partial correlation analysis. Results: Campylobacter rectus (Cr) increased after the program, and there was no significant change in other bacteria. Serum CRP and Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn), Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Cr, ratio of Fn, and ratio of Cr had a positive relationship at baseline; however, the relationship was not significant after the program. Ratio of Prevotella intermedia had a positive relationship with MMP-9, MMP-8, IL-1β at baseline. Moreover, the ratio of Treponema denticola and the ratio of Tannerella forsythia showed a positive relationship with MMP-8, MMP-9, and IL-1β. The relationship between the ratio of Porphyromonas gingivalis and IL-1β showed a constant positive relationship at baseline and after the program. Conclusion: Obesity control program in subjects with a BMI of ≥23 kg/m² accompanied by diet and exercise did not affect the changes in periodontal bacteria itself, but changes in the relationship between periodontal bacteria and serum CRP, the relationship between the inflammatory index in the gingival crevicular fluid and periodontal bacteria was observed.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.293-301
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• 2011

Objectives : The aim of the trial was to study the effect of plaque control(tooth brushing instruction) for oral health improvement on periodontitis patients. Methods : 30 patients(35~65 years) with advanced periodontal disease were subjected to a baseline examination including assessment of oral hygiene status(O'leary index), gingival condition(bleeding). the assessment were repeated after 2, 4, 6 weeks. cognitive, behavioral and clinical outcomes were assessed in the primary care setting by questionnaire and clinical oral examination. Results : The oral hygiene status expressed as the individual mean percentage of tooth surfaces with plaque 59.3% at baseline and 21.2% after 6 weeks(p<0.001). The gingival bleeding status expressed as the individual mean point of interdental papilla 3.8 at baseline and 1.9 after 6 weeks(p<0.001). Also, the patients self-assessment about correct tooth brushing behavior was 3.9(5-point likert scales), satisfaction of plan practices 4.1(5-point likert scales), efficacy of tooth brushing instruction 8.7(10-point likert scales). Patients wanted to continuous participation. Conclusions : A verification of effect after individualized oral health instruction and repeated dental plaque control represented to significance on plaque control score, oral care practice and oral health recognition. The important oral care step against periodontal disease is to establish good oral health habits. Also, oral health behavior recognition is more important for the practice of oral health. Therefore professional plaque control and tooth brushing instruction absolutely need in improving oral health.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.489-495
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• 2011

The present study was designed to grasp the oral health behavior practice levels and PHP index and gingival index of orthodontic patients' orthodontic related characteristics. A survey and oral examination were conducted for 206 orthodontic patients with fixed appliances. The collected data were analyzed with a t-test, one way ANOVA and stepwise multiple regression. Women were higher than men of the toothbrushing parts(p<0.05), toothbrushing frequency(p=0.001) and use of more oral hygiene products(p<0.01). As for the use of more oral hygiene products practice, it has higher when experience of more education(p<0.05), toothbrushing method practice difference when it comes to age(p<0.05). As for toothbrushing times, difference was purpose of orthodontics(p<0.05) and period of orthodontics(p<0.05) and orthodontics equipment(p<0.05). As for orthodontic equipment, conventional-ligating bracket high score compared to the self-ligating bracket with Buccal PHP index(p<0.001) and gingival index(p<0.05). The factors with lowest possible Buccal PHP index; when age is greater(p<0.05), toothbrushing method practice is higher(p<0.001) and when patients have self-ligating bracket(p<0.001). Education for the orthodontic patients on the oral health behavior practice should be carried out structurally to the group of patients who are 17 years old or younger, to the group with conventional-ligating bracket and to the men. Moreover, it is critical to ensure that there won't be oral health problem during on orthodontic period.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Health Science
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.1625-1631
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• 2023

Purpose The The purpose of this study was to clinically evaluate the efficacy and safety of a self-whitening patch containing a primer containing taurine and 3.0% hydrogen peroxide. Methods A double-blind randomized clinical trial was conducted on 55 subjects. The whitening patches containing 3.0% hydrogen peroxide were applied to the labial surfaces of maxillary six anterior teeth once daily for 30 minutes using a primer, and whitening efficacy was measured by △E^* values before application and at 3, 5, 7, and 10 days after application. Stability was determined using the Gingival index (GI) and visual analogue scale (VAS). Results Changes in △E^* values were clinically recognizable as early as day 5 after patch application, and whitening effects were visible by day 7. There was no statistically significant difference in gingival index (p=0.069). Conclusions Self-whitening patches using primer and 3.0% hydrogen peroxide applied once daily for 30 minutes showed effective whitening effect from the 5th day after application and could be used safely without significant side effects.