• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.34 no.7
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• pp.942-947
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• 2005

This study was investigated to analyze the effect of extracts from the Lepista nuda, on the antioxidant activity to form a part of studies on the functional materials of L. nuda. Antioxidant activity of L. nuda extracts was evaluated by measuring the electron-donating ability (EDA), the superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity, and the nitrite-scavenging ability. The EDAs of water and ethanol extracts at the concentration of 1,000 ppm by the rotary heating method from L. nuda were $60.47\%$ and $60.13\%$, respectively and those of water and ethanol extracts by microwave-assisted method were $87.73\%$ and $84.84\%$, respectively. The measurements of SOD-like activity were in the range of $24.58\%\~42.03\%$ at 1,000 ppm. EDA and SOD were increased with the concentrations of extracts. The nitrite-scavenging ability at the concentration of 1,000 ppm was the highest and $29.77\%$ at pH 1.2, and was decreased with an increment of pH value. These results indicated that microwave­assisted water extract from L. nuda showed the highest activities on the EDA and nitrate-scavenging ability, while the rotary heating ethanol extract had the highest effect on the SOD-like activity.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.11 no.11
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• pp.621-631
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• 2013

This study aimed to investigate that what factors affect the volunteer activities of dental hygiene students and present a plan and problems with devising a program for activating their volunteer activities. A self-administered questionnaire survey was conducted in 265 dental hygiene students in Gwangju from November to December 2012, obtaining the following results: 51.3% of the respondents were freshmen; 74.3% had experience of volunteer activities; and 31.7% had the activities in the field of disabilities. 56.2% were motivated to participate in the activities by 'credit-earning and volunteer activity achievements'. Most of students participated in volunteer activities through clubs. Satisfaction with major-related volunteer activities was associated with higher support by others, higher job perception, higher job adequacy, and higher support by family. To increase satisfaction with major-related volunteer activities of students research is needed to develop systematic education for volunteers, subjects suitable for colleges, and an effective program in order to alter students' perception.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.11 no.7
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• pp.237-242
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• 2013

When abdomen and pelvic were scanned with 128 channel MDCT, the gonadal exposure dose was measured with and without gonadal shield and the obtained images were evaluated. As a result, during abdominal MDCT scan, the gonadal exposure dose was measured $16.5{\pm}0.5$ mGy when the gonad shield was not used, and it was $7.5{\pm}0.3$ mGy when the large gonad shield($650m^2$) was used, which showed the effect of reduction in the gonadal exposure dose by 54%. During pelvic MDCT scan, the gonadal exposure dose was $9.5{\pm}0.3$ mGy when the gonad shield was not used, and it was $2.8{\pm}0.2$ mGy when the large gonard shield($650m^2$) was used, which showed the effect of reduction in the gonadal exposure dose by 70%. The images were obtained when using the gonad shield and when not using it during MDCT scan, and as a result of analyzing them with 5-point Likert scale, in the abdominal image, it was 4.1 points irrespective of whether using the gonad shield or not. And also, in pelvic scan, it was 1.2 points when the gonad shield was used, and 4.1 points when it was not used. With the results above, it is considered that during the abdominal 128-MDCT scan, by using the gonad shield, the images should be obtained without being degraded and the exposure dose must be reduced.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.111-120
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• 2013

Sprassis crispa was cultivated using soybean curd whey, and its antimicrobial activities were examined against those of eight microorganisms that were foodborne pathogens or food-poisoning bacteria. The culture broth of soybean curd whey was superior in mycelium content (17.76 g/L) to that of the defined culture broth, and the ${\beta}$-glucan content was about 10.64 percent (w/w). The antimicrobial activities of the culture broth were confirmed against those of B. cereus, St. aureus, L. monocytogenes and S. typhimurium using the paper disk method. The antimicrobial activity was also maintained after the heat treatment and alcalase treatment. The filtrate with less than 3 kDa M.W. also showed the antimicrobial activity against four strains: B. cereus, St. aureus, L. monocytogenes and S. typhimurium. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was about 1.26 mg/mL in the B. cereus and 12.6 mg/mL in the St. aureus and L. monocytogenes. The S. typhimurium showed a MIC of 62.8 mg/mL. Thus, the culture of Sparassis crispa using soybean curd whey provides a thermally stable antimicrobial agent that can be used as a natural preservative in the biofood industry.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.127-131
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• 2004

This study was to study the antibacterial effect of Lignum sappan extract on S. mutans growth. The antibacterial activities of Lignum sappan's crude extract was measured 17.3 mm at 20 mg/ml concentration. The growth of S. mutans in control medium was the highest at 8hr, while the media of Lignum sappan extract added-medium (2 mg/ml) showed maximum growth at 16hr. The pH values of the control media was 5.08 at 8hr, but the media supplemented with Lignum sappan extract was 6.69 at 8hr. The amounts of total carbohydrate of the control media was 0.81 mg/ml at 8hr, but the media supplemented with Lignum sappan extract was 2.06 mg/ml at 8hr. In the protein change of culture medium, the control culture broth and the cultures supplemented with Lignum sappan extract was 8.39 mg/ml and 12.3 mg/ml at 8hr, respectively. The S. mutans polysaccharide contents of the control media and the media supplemented with Lignum sappan extract was 300 mg/100ml and 60 mg/100ml at 8hr, respectively.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.405-410
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• 2014

The purpose of this study in vitro investigation was to compare the marginal and internal fit of Ni-Cr alloy metal ceramic crown before and after porcelain veneering. Furthermore, this study evaluated whether the influence of the porcelain firing on the precision of fit of dental prostheses. The maxillary right incisor was selected as an abutment for experiments. Ten working models were prepared. Ni-Cr alloy cores appropriate for each abutment were prepared by lost wax technique. The marginal area and four internal areas of the crowns were measured at two stages: before veneering process and after upper porcelain firing. Silicone replica techniques were used. The data were statistically analyzed with the paired t-test (${\alpha}=0.05$). $Mean{\pm}SD$ marginal and internal gap were $67.1{\pm}23.3{\mu}m$ for the nickle chrome alloy core group and $74.4{\pm}21.9{\mu}m$ for the metal ceramic crown group. There were statistically significant differences in all investigated areas (p<0.05). Within the limitations of this study, none of the Ni-Cr alloy metal crown values measured after porcelain firing process exceeded $120{\mu}m$, which is the clinically acceptable threshold.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.48 no.9
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• pp.711-717
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• 2015

This paper attempts to measure the economic benefits of advanced water treatment in five cities (Goyang, Paju, Gumi, Gimcheon, Chilgok), which are supplied water from Goyang and Gumi filtration plant. We used the dichotomous choice contingent valuation method to estimate WTP. Parametric interval-data model are used to obtaining the mean WTP estimates. The results show that the mean of additional WTP for advanced water treatment services were estimated to be KRW 231.3 and KRW 231.2 per $m^3$ using model with covariates and without covariates, respectively. Given the water supplies of Goyang and Gumi filtration plants ($59.675m^3/y$ and $93.734m^3/y$), the economic benefits of those advanced water treatments can be expected to be KRW 13.8 billion and KRE 21.68 billion. And the calculated B/C ratios are 3.7 and 2.1 when a lifespan of facility is 10 years. Advanced water treatment should be introduced in terms of the economic benefits and costs. Thus, this results can be useful in water policy decision-making.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.550-560
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• 2012

The aim of this study is to research spatial diffusion, a condition for spread of Ailanthus altissima, and conduct flora analysis to provide useful information for management of it. Three research spots where the community dominance value was found to be high and habitat was homogeneous according to a 2010 in-depth species study were selected, and census was conducted using a line-transect method. The diffusion area included 1,435 $m^2$ in Yangpyeong, 1,118 $m^2$ in Gimcheon and 760 $m^2$ in Sancheong, in order of increasing size, and a total of 510 trees were found to be randomly diffused in space. An average of 83.2% of Ailanthus altissima were found to be included in DBH classes I (1.0-3.4 cm) and II (3.5-6.4 cm), showing that young trees were dominant in Ailanthus altissima communities and there was an age diffusion pattern according to degree of disturbance in habitats. A total of 41 families 75 genera and 91 species of flora made up the list, and Therophytes were most widely found in all of the three areas. This shows that habitats in these areas have recently been disturbed. It was evaluated that elimination of roadside population and mountainous area population was necessary to prevent diffusion of Ailanthus altissima.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.224-230
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• 2006

Up to now, there have been rare clinical studies on leaders and aerobics athletes. To get the useful data for protecting from auditory disorder, we selected 15 female aerobics leaders (experimental group) and 15 females (control group) unexperienced in aerobics and a without neurological and octolaryngological disorder. The average age was $34.87{\pm}8.80$ (experimental group) and $34.07{\pm}8.45$ (control group) years, and the average career of an aerobics leader (experimental group) was $8.33{\pm}4.73$ years. We measured the auditory evoked potential (AEP) of the two groups treated with 70, 75 and 85 dB intensity from January 2006 to May 2006 and analyzed the absolute latency (AL) and interpeak latency (IPL) by the SPSS/pc+ 12.0 program. In the comparison of the AL between the experimental group and the control group according to intensity, both ears treated with 70 and 75 dB had a significant difference (p<0.05) in the I, III, V wave and in the I, V wave respectively, and the experimental group treated with 85 dB showed a difference in the I, III, V wave (left ear) and in the I wave (right ear) respectively. The IPL of the two groups treated with various intensities had no prolongation. In the comparison of the AL between the experimental group and the control group according to ages, the experimental group in their 20s treated with 70 dB showed a significant difference (p<0.05) in the V wave (left ear) and in the I, III, V wave (right ear), and the experimental group in their 20s treated with 75 dB in the I, III wave (left ear) and in I, III, V wave (right ear), and experimental group in their 20s treated with 85 dB in the V wave (left ear) and in the III, V wave (right ear). The experimental group in their 30s treated with 70 dB had a significant difference (p<0.05) only in the V wave (right ear). Only in the IPL of subjects in their 20s treated with 85 dB, III-V and I-V of both ears was extended. In the comparison of the AL and IPL according to career, there was no significant difference between the two groups. From this results, we concluded that the lower sound intensity (70 dB) showed a more significant difference in the experimental group than the control group. We concluded that the leader of aerobics exposed to louder sounds than normal people are affected by auditory neurological and octolaryngological disorders. So we think that the leaders of aerobics need to control the noise level for protecting themselves against a disease.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.93-100
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• 2011

The study was conducted to investigate the correlation analysis between fruit quality and climatic parameters in grapevines. 'Campbell Early', one of the major grape cultivars, occupies more than 70% of cultivated areas in Korea. Recent research results have shown that the movement of cultivation area of fruit production resulted from the temperature increase. In this study, we investigated the relationship between fruit quality and climatic conditions in 13 major 'Campbell Early' grape producing areas (i.e., Sacheon, Jinju, Naju, Dangjin, Cheonan, Gimcheon, Yeongdong, Okcheon, Sangju, Suwon, Yeongju, Gangneung, Chuncheon, and Yanggu). The earliest and latest full blooming days of grapevines were ovserved on May 25 in Sacheon area and on June 7 in Yanggu area, respectively. At least 90 days are required for grapes to mature enough for the production of highquality fruits. The southern areas with less than 90 days of maturity period had difficulty in the production of good fruit. However, the areas with longer maturity period of 100 to 110 days produced grapes with with high sugar content and good coloring. The fruit qualities of 'Campbell Early' grapes are more closely related with temperature than other climatic factors. High temperature resulted in fruits with high acidity and delayed the coloration of the fruit skin in the southern area. The fruit skin was thin in the southern area and inclined to be thicker in the northern areas. Therefore, grape should be cultivated in regions with long maturity period to have high quality.