• 환경생물
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.213-220
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• 2006

탁수가 어류의 조직과 혈장 단백질에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여 탁수역인 임하호와 비탁수역인 안동호에 서식하는 치리 (Hemiculter eigenmanni)를 공시재료로 사용하였다. 탁수역에 서식하는 치리의 아가미에서는 이차새변의 만곡, 곤봉화, 부종 및 상피세포 박리 현상 등이 나타났고, 신장에서는 사구체의 크기가 다소 작아지는 수축현상과 조직의 괴사 및 공포현상이 관찰되었다. 또한 간세포의 수가 적어졌으며 크기가 불규칙한 형태로 나타났다. 주사전자현미경을 통해 아가미 표면을 관찰한 결과 일차새변과 이차새변 사이에 다량의 이물질과 기생충이 부착되어 있는 것으로 확인되었다. 혈장 단백질 중 47Kda단백질은 탁수역에 서식하는 치리에서만 확인되었고, 혈장내 ferritin은 탁수역 치리에서 높은 활성을 보이고 있으며 새로이 Fe-3가 확인되었다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.35-42
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• 1976

1974년부터 1975년 말까지 부안만 대합에 기생하는 흡충류 유충의 발육, 기생율, 조직변화 및 사육실험을 통하여 대합의 폐사원인을 밝혔다. 1. 대합의 생식소, 중장선, 새엽에 기생하는 유모 cercaria인 Cercaria pectinata Huet와 그 sporocyst를 검출하였다. 2. 기생충의 수와 량이 급히 증가하므로 흡충류에 기생된 대합은 기능장해를 받아 폐사된다. 3. 부안산 대합 2,639개체에 대한 대합에 기생되는 흡충의 평균 기생율은 $13.2\%$였는데, 월별로 보면 7월이 가장 높았으며$(29.6\%)$, 3월이 가장 낮았다$(2.0\%)$. 한편 각장에 관계없이 기생율은 거의 같았다. 4. 흡충류에 기생된 대합의 생식소는 거세되고, 유충의 증식으로 중장선은 압박을 받으며 새판내에 기생되므로 혈액순환장해를 일으킨다. 5. 수조 내에서 사육한 기생패는 35일만에 전부 폐사했다.

• 한국패류학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.155-161
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• 2013

Cathepsins are lysosomal/cysteine proteases belong to papain family (C1 family) that is involved in intracellular protein degradation, antigen processing, hormone maturation, and immune responses. In this study, member of cathepsin family was identified from Manila clam (Mc-Cathepsin D) and investigated the immune response against brown ring disease (BRD) causing Vibrio tapetis challenge. The identified Mc-Cathepsin D gene encodes characteristic features typical for the cathepsin family including eukaryotic and viral aspartyl protease signature domain and two highly conserved active sites ($^{84}VVFDTGSSNLWV^{95}$ and $^{270}IADTGTSLLAG^{281}$). Moreover, MC-Cathepsin D shows higher identity values (-50-70%) and conserved amino acids with known cathepsin D members. Transcriptional results (by quantitative real-time RT-PCR) showed that Mc-Cathepsin D was expressed at higher levels in gills and hemocytes than mantle, adductor muscle, foot, and siphon. After the V. tapetis challenge under laboratory conditions, Mc-Cathepsin D mRNA was up-regulated in gills and hemocytes. Present study indicates that Mc-Cathepsin D is constitutively expressed in different tissues and potentially inducible when infecting BRD by V. tapetis. It is further suggesting that Mc-Cathepsin D may be involved in multiple role including immune response reactions against BRD.

• 한국양식학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.207-214
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• 2005

We report on the diagnosis, pathology, and taxonomy of Perkinsus sp. infection in Manila clams (Ruditapes philippinarum) from Korean waters. Amplimers were designed from internal portions of the non-transcribed spacer (NTS) of P. atlanticus for molecular diagnosis of Perkinsus infection. PCR-based identification methods and an in situ hybridization assay were developed for detection of Perkinsus sp. in live tissues as well as in histological preparations. Hybridization signals were observed around the nucleus of trophozoites. Positive results from PCR and in situ hybridization indicated that Korean Perkinsus sp. is genetically identical with P. atlanticus reported in Europe, which is currently synonymous with P. olseni reported from Australia. Microscopic morphological features of different lift stages of Perkinsus sp. appeared very similar to those of P. atlanticus. Severely infected clams often exhibited white nodules on their mantles and gills as a consequence of inflammation. In lightly to moderately infected clams, Perkinsus sp. was mainly found in gill tissues, whereas the protozoan parasites were found in digestive tracts, gonadal tissues, and foot tissues of heavily infected clams. It is likely that the gills are the portal of the infection and that P. olseni spreads to other tissues as the infection advances. In conclusion, by considering the taxonomic priority of P. olseni, Korean Perkinsus sp. is accepted as P. olseni. P. olseni appears to be common on tidal flats on the western and southern Korean coasts and is considered to be a pathogen capable of causing mass mortality of clams.

• 한국어류학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.149-155
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• 2008

The effects of noise stress response on hematological parameters (hemoglobin, hematocrit and MCHC) and plasma parameters (cortisol, glucose and albumin) in Korean rockfish (Sebastes schlegeli), a very important commercial marine fish in Korea, were investigated. These parameters were analyzed on fish exposed to an explosion of noise. There were no significant differences or trends in hematological parameters (hematocrit; control $29.7{\pm}4.8%$, experiment 32.0 35.5%; hemoglobin; control $6.5{\pm}0.7g/dL$, experiment 6.2 7.8 g/dL; MCHC; control $19.6{\pm}0.6g/dL$, experiment 19.9~22.2 g/dL). However, plasma cortisol and glucose exhibited significant differences from start to finish and displayed the following patterns (cortisol; control $180.7{\pm}35.4ng/mL$, experiment 247.0 444.5 ng/mL; glucose; control $32.5{\pm}6.3mg/dL$, experiment 50.5 109.0 mg/dL). In addition, the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) mRNA expression and basal levels of various tissues (eye, gills, liver, intestine, skin and gonads) were investigated for the first time in this marine fish. When the Korean rockfish was exposed to explosive noise stress, the GR mRNA was expressed more in the gonads than in other tissues tested and was elevated significantly from two and four times in the liver and gills, respectively, after noise exposure.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.391-399
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• 2012

We cloned cDNA-encoding arginine vasotocin (AVT) from the brain of the cinnamon clownfish Amphiprion melanopus, and that was predicted to encode a protein of 153 amino acids. We examined changes in the expression of AVT mRNA in the brain and arginine vasotocin receptor (AVTR) mRNA and osmotic stress transcription factor 1 (OSTF1) mRNA in the gills of the cinnamon clownfish using quantitative real-time PCR in an osmotically changing environment (seawater (35 psu) ${\rightarrow}$ brackish water (BW, 17.5 psu) and BW with prolactin [PRL]). The expression of AVT, AVTR, and OSTF1 mRNA in the brain and gills increased after transfer to BW, and the expression was repressed by PRL treatment. AVT-immunoreactive cells were almost consistently observed in the telencephalon. The plasma $Na^+$ and $Cl^-$ levels decreased in BW, but the level of this parameter increased in BW with PRL treatme during salinity change. These results suggest that AVT, AVTR, and OSTF1 play important roles in hormonal regulation in osmoregulation organs, and that PRL improves the hyperosmoregulatory ability of cinnamon clownfish in BW environment.

• 한국어병학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.99-108
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• 2006

Diseased tiger puffer (Takijugu rubripes) showed anorexia and severe anemia in the gills. In wet mount preparations Heterobothrium sp. with 4 sets of clamps on the opisthohaptor attached to the gill filaments of the diseased fish. From the drum-shaped filter for filtration of the culturing water and the sediment of aquarium held the diseased fish in the laboratory, their eggs forming long strings through connection of the bipolar filaments could be easily collected. The parasites with 4 pairs of clamps on the opisthohaptor were 2.38mm in length and 0.71 mm in width, but had no isthmus which was separated the opisthohapor from the body proper. The parasites could be easily distinguished from Heterobothrium tetrodonis and H. okamotoi in the absence of distinct isthmus, and resembled H. yamagutii described from the gills of Takifugu xanthopterus in Japan. Their eggs were yellowish spindle in shape and 180-200 x 5-6 Iffil in size, which were pointed at both ends. The eggs were linked to adjacent egg shells like a string of beads by the filaments. Onchomiracidia, ciliated larvae spawned from the eggs were 133 Iffil (120-146 Iffil) x 751ffil (68-80 Iffil) in size. The length of the ciliates was 12 Iffil in the anterior part of the larvae and 14 Iffil in the posterior part. Round or leaf-shaped young parasites attached on the secondary gill lamellae. There was a tendency that most of round smaller parasites without an opisthohaptor were found in the middle part of the gill lamellae while leaf-shaped larger ones with a opisthohaptor attached on the distal part of the gill filaments. Each clamp of mature parasites grasped one secondary gill filament which resulted in bending of the filaments and hyperplasia of the epithelium and mucous cells. In the branchial cavity around the pseudobranch, mature parasites grasped the adjacent ones by means of the clamps, and the epithelia of the branchial cavity around the parasites showed severe irregular hyperplasia and erosion with strongly PAS-positive mucous cells.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제38권5호
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• pp.304-308
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• 2005

The effects of diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) on various oxidative stress responses in liver, kidney and gill tissues of freshwater bagrid catfish Pseudobagrus fulvidraco were investigated under laboratory conditions. Bagrid catfish were intraperitoneally injected with sunflower seed oil containing nominal concentrations of 0, 300 or 900mg DEHP per kilogram of body weight for 3 days and the effects after last injection were assessed in liver, kidney and gill tissues of the exposed organisms. The oxidative stress responses of fish were evaluated by analyzing the level of glutathione (GSH), as well as the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione reductase (GR). After exposure to the DEHP, there were significant decrease in GR, GPx activity and GSH content in liver of fish exposed to 900 mg DEHP per kilogram of body weight compared to the control group. Compared with the control group, significant decreases in renal GPx and GR activity were observed in the DEHP treatment groups (900 mg $kg^{-1}$ bw). However, no significant difference was observed in any oxidative stress responses in gills between the DEHP-treated and the untreated group of fish. The findings of the present investigation show that DEHP induce oxidative stress and the liver was the most affected organ followed by the kidney and gills. Furthermore, the changes of GPx and GR activities may be important indicators of oxidative stress responses but additional study is required to confirm the oxidative stress of DEHP.

• 한국어병학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.115-125
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 수온변화에 따른 비소 (As) 노출의 영향을 틸라피아 Oreochromis niloticus의 간과 아가미에서 항산화 방어기작 (antioxidant defense system)을 통해 알아보고자 한다. 틸라피아를 수온이 각각, 20, 25 및 $30^{\circ}C$ 일때, 비소 농도 0, 200 및 $400{\mu}g/L$에서 10일간 노출시킨 후, glutathione (GSH) levels, glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione S-treansferase (GST) 효소 활성을 측정하였다. 비소 노출 이후, 틸라피아의 간과 아가미에서 이들 항산화 효소는 수온 변화에 따라 유의하게 변화하였다. 특히, 다른 온도구간에 비하여 수온이 $30^{\circ}C$ 일 때, 비소에 노출된 틸라피아의 간에서 이들 효소의 변동폭은 가장 유의하게 증가하였다. 즉, 본 연구는 틸라피아의 간과 아가미에서 GSH 및 항산화 효소인 GR, GPx 및 GST에 미치는 비소의 영향은 수온 상승이 동반되었을 때, 어류의 산화 스트레스에 대한 방어 기작의 감소를 촉진시켰음을 보여준다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.337-345
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• 2015

To investigate the causes of emaciation in cultured olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus in Korea. We performed histological examinations and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with a new primer set. In most cases, the most severe emaciation was observed in the abdominal area Using PCR on extracted livers, kidneys, spleens, gills, brains, and intestines, we found that areas around the kidneys and intestines were as almost always positive. In significantly emaciated fish, PCR was positive in all internal organs except the gills. In addition, the homology of 812-bp nucleotide sequences of the 28S rRNA gene was more than 99% in emaciated fish. Partial homology with Myxobolus spp. and Cystodiscus axonis, whose data were obtained from GenBank was 86% and 88%, respectively. Histological examinations detected spores in kidneys and intestines but not in other organs. We also performed cohabitation experiments to determine whether infections could be exchanged among species or only within species. Uninfected olive flounder and red sea bream, Pagrus major, cohabitating with emaciated olive flounder showed 100% and 0% cumulative mortality, respectively. Thus the cause of emaciation in cultured olive flounder of Korea is likely due to a new parasite.