• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.39-49
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• 1996

The present study was performed to investigate the distribution of neuropeptide Y immunoreactivities in the corpus striatum of the Korean squirrels. The animals were perfused with 4%-paraformaldehyde and the brain was cut serially into $40{\mu}m$ thick coronal sections. Sections either were stained with cresyl violet or were stained immunohistochemically. The corpus striatum was divided into the caudate nucleus, putamen and globus pallidus. Anterior part. however, of the striatum was observed as the combined caudate-putamen. NPY immunoreactive (NPY-IR) neurons were medium-sized. The corpus striatum contained a low level of NPY-IR fibers, whose distribution appeared to be related to the immunoreactive perikarya. Large numbers of NPY-IR neurons in the caudate-putamen and caudate nucleus were expressed in medial and ventral parts. In the anterior part of the putamen NPY-IR neurons were scattered throughout the nucleus; in posterior part were found generally in the lateral and ventral parts. The density of NPY-IR fibers of the putamen were low, whose distribution appeared to be related to the perikarya. The globus pallidus contained NPY-IR fibers only in the lowest density. In brief, NPY-immunoreactivities in the corpus striatum are heterogenous in distribution. These findings may reflect innate characteristics of the specific neural circuit in the corpus striatum itself.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.136-140
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• 2009

The verification of irradiation treatments, using dried garlic and cabbage treated at 0-20 kGy, was investigated by analyzing the photostimulated luminescence (PSL), electron spin resonance (ESR) and thermoluminescence (TL) characteristics of the samples. The PSL results showed that the photon counts/60 sec of the non-irradiated dried garlic and cabbage were 287-337, corresponding to negative, while those of the irradiated samples were 7511-54063 photon counts/ 60 sec, corresponding to positive, making it possible to discriminate the non-irradiated from the irradiated samples. In ESR analysis, the dried garlic irradiated at 20 kGy exhibited cellulose radicals, whereas the irradiated dried cabbage showed crystalline sugar-induced multi-component signals, which were not found in the non-irradiated samples. The ESR signal intensity significantly increased as the irradiation dose increase ($R^2$= 0.9369 - 0.9926). The TL glow curves of the irradiated samples appeared at a temperature interval of 150-250, which were significantly different from those of non-irradiated samples, showing a significant increase in TL signal intensity with irradiation dose ($R^2$= 0.9670 - 0.9768). To enhance the reliability of the results, the first glow curve ($TL_1$) was compared with the second glow curve ($TL_2$) obtained after a re-irradiation step at 1 kGy. The TL ratio ($TL_1/TL_2$) was in good agreement with the reported TL threshold values for both the non-irradiated (<0.1) and irradiated (> 0.1) samples.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.105-112
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• 2015

Purpose: Intracorporeal anastomosis is the most difficult procedure during pure single-incision distal gastrectomy (SIDG) that affects its generalization. We introduced unaided delta-shaped anastomosis (uDelta), a novel anastomosis technique, for gastroduodenostomy after pure SIDG, and compared the results with those of previously reported Roux-en-Y anastomosis (RY). Materials and Methods: Between March 2014 and March 2015, SIDG with D1+ lymph node dissection was performed for early gastric cancer through a 2.5-cm transumbilical incision without any additional port. uDelta was performed by the operator alone, without any intracorporeal assistance. Results: uDelta was performed on 11 patents, and uncut RY was performed on 5-patients without open or multiport conversion. R0 resection was performed in all cases. No significant differences were observed in mean age and body mass index between patients who underwent uDelta or RY. Mean operation times were $214.5{\pm}36.2$ minutes for uDelta and $240.8{\pm}65.9$ minutes for RY, which was not significantly different. Reconstruction time for uDelta was shorter than that for RY, with marginal statistical significance ($26.1{\pm}8.3$ minutes vs. $38.0{\pm}9.1$ minutes, P=0.05). There were no intraoperative transfusions, 30-day mortality, or anastomosis-related complications in either group. Average length of hospital stay was $8.2{\pm}1.9$ days in the uDelta group and $7.2{\pm}0.8$ days in the RY group (P=0.320). Conclusions: After carefully considering indications, uDelta can be a feasible and can be a reproducible reconstruction method after SIDG in early gastric cancer.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.47-52
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of axial shortening metatarsal osteotomy on the treatment of advanced rheumatoid arthritis patients with severe hallux valgus and claw toe deformity of lesser toes which is used for preserving the metatarsophalangeal joint. Materials and Methods: From January 2005 to June 2009, 18 cases of axial shortening metatarsal osteotomy in advanced rheumatoid arthritis were reviewed ; all of them followed up for more than 2 years after surgical procedures and the mean follow up period was 3.4 years. We performed axial shortening Scarf osteotomy and Akin osteotomy for hallux valgus and Weil osteotomy with soft tissue release for claw toe of lesser toes, respectively. We measured preoperative and postoperative hallux valgus angle, each metatarsal shortening length and the range of motion of the metatarsophalangeal joints through radiographic and clinical examination and compared them each other. Clinical results were evaluated by American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) score and subjective satisfaction of the patients. Results: The hallux valgus angle was reduced from the preoperative mean value of 44.8 degree to 9.0 degree postoperatively and the range of motion of the metatarsophalangeal joint of great toe and lesser toes was increased from the mean of 21.7 degree and 11.0 degree preoperatively to 38.0 degree and 32.5 degree, respectively at postoperation. Also, the mean AOFAS score was improved from 26.5 points to 67.4 points. Conclusion: Axial shortening osteotomy is a useful method to correct the deformity and preserve the metatarsophalangeal joint for severe hallux valgus and claw toe deformity in advanced rheumatoid arthritis.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.435-440
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• 2009

Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors, which enhance cholinergic transmission by reducing the enzymatic degradation of acetylcholine, are the only source of the compound that is currently approved for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In these experiments, the concentration samples of green tea extracts were 100, 500, and 1,000 ${\mu}g$/mL. Among them, the highest concentration (1,000 ${\mu}g$/mL) of fresh green tea extracts showed the most potent inhibitory effect on AChE by reducing more than 40% of enzyme activity, and in a concentration-dependent pattern. In addition, we examined the effect of other storing conditions on AChE inhibition. In order to maintain storage for 3 months, the materials were held at the certain storing conditions of temperature (room temperature, 4 and $-20^{\circ}C$) and for water activity (0.81, 0.69, and 0.23). In these storing conditions, the difference in temperature did not contribute to the AChE inhibitory effect. Our presented data showed that the AChE inhibitory effect was affected by the concentration of green tea extract and by water activity (0.81). These results suggest that green tea may serve as a potential dietary source of AChE inhibitor.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.11-26
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• 1993

This experiment was performed to study the morphological responses of the pigment epithelial cell and the Bruch's membrane of the retina of rat following X-ray irradiation. Male rats were divided into normal and experimental groups. The heads of the rats, under sodium thiopental anesthesia, were exposed to 3,000 rads or 6,000 rads of radiation in a single dose, respectively. The source was a Mitsubishi Linear Accelerator ML-4MV. The target to skin distance was 80cm, and the. dose rate was 200 rads/min. The experimental groups were sacrificed on the 6th hour, 2nd and 6th day after X-ray irradiation. Under anesthesia, 1% glutaraldehyde-1% paraformaldehyde solution(0.1M Millonig's phosphate buffer, pH 7.3) was perfused through the left ventricle and ascending aorta. Pieces of the tissue taken from the posterior region of the retina were fixed in 2.5% glutaraldehyde-1.5% paraformaldehyde(0.1M Millonig's phosphate buffer, pH 7.3) and 1% osmium tetroxide(0.1M Millonig's phosphate buffer, pH7.3), and embedded in araldite mixture. The ultrathin sections contrasted with uranyl acetate and lead citrate were observed with JEM 100 CX-II electron microscope. The results were as follow; 1. The morphological changes of the pigment epithelial cells were not pronounced after exposure to 3,000 rads of X-ray. But on the 6th hour after exposure to 6,000 rads of X-ray, bulging nuclear membrane protruding into the cytoplasm and nuclear chromatin clumped into numerous masses along the nuclear membrane were observed. At the 2nd and 6th day post-irradiation, partial cytolysis or necrosis were seen. 2. The thickness of the Bruch's membrane of the experimental groups were increased in the time and dose range covered by this study, and splitting or diffusing basal laminae of the choriocapillary layer were observed frequently in the experimental group. Above results suggest that large amount(6,000 rads) of head irradiation induce direct hazardous effects on the pigment epitherial cells and Bruch's membrane of the retina of the rat, but pigment epithelial cells are more radioresistant than Bruch's membrane.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.249-261
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• 2006

Fifty compounds such as ester, sulfonyl ester, carbamate, ether and phosphoyl ester derivatives of 4-isopropyl-3-methylphenol(I) and 5-isopropyl-3-methylphenol(II) were synthesized. These derivatives were identified by IR, GC/MS and $^1H$-NMR spectra. Their in vitro antifungal activities were tested against 10 plant pathogenic fungi. Among them, several compounds showed potent in vitro antifungal activity. The selected compounds showing potent in vitro antifungal activity were tested for their in vivo antifungal activities against 5 plant diseases such as rice blast, rice sheath blast, cucumber anthracnose, cucumber gray mold and tomato late blight. As a result, 4-isopropyl-3-methylphenyl(2-amino-thiazole-4-yl)methoxyiminoacetate(I-7a) showed a potent in vivo antifungal activity against rice blast. Both methyl (4-isopropyl-3-methylphenoxy)acetate(I-4d) and methyl (5-isopropyl-3-methylphenoxy)acetate(II-4d) effectively inhibited the development of cucumber gray mold.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.38-47
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• 2002

This paper demonstrates a regional analysis of landslide occurrence potential by applying geographic information system to the Kumi City selected as a pilot study area. The estimate criteria related to natural and humane environmental factors which affect landslides were first established. A slope map and a aspect map were extracted from DEM, which was generated from the contour layers of digital topographic maps, and a NDVI vegetation map and a land cover map were obtained through satellite image processing. After the spatial database was constructed, indexes of landslide occurrence potential were computed and then a few landslide-potential areas were extracted by an overlay method. It was ascertained that there are high landslide-potential at areas of about 30% incline, aspects including either south or east at least, adjacent to water areas or pointed end of the water system, in or near fault zones, covered with medium vegetable. For more synthetic and accurate analysis, soil data, forest data, underground water level data, meteorological data and so on should be added to the spatial database.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.109-117
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• 2011

The antioxidant activities of 60% ethanol extracts from different parts (leaf, stem, and root) of Artemisia argyi using an in vitro system were examined to find a possibility as natural antioxidant substances. The highest total phenolics (23.08 mg/g) was obtained by 60% ethanol extract of leaf. The scavenging activity of 60% ethanol extract from different parts of A. argyi on the DPPH and ABTS radical was raised with increasing amount of extracts, and 60% ethanol extract from leaf showed the highest radical scavenging activities. The leaf extract presented the highest reducing power and strong inhibitory effect on autooxidation of linoleic acid. In MDA formation using mouse brain homogenates, the 60% ethanol extracts of A. argyi also exhibited antioxidant activity as inhibition of MDA (71.38% at $200{\mu}g/mL$). Therefore, these results suggest that the 60% ethanol extract of A. argyi leaf possess excellent antioxidant activities and thus it has great potential as a source for natural antioxidant.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.257-266
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• 2024

Purpose: We conducted a randomized prospective trial (KLASS-07 trial) to compare laparoscopy-assisted distal gastrectomy (LADG) and totally laparoscopic distal gastrectomy (TLDG) for gastric cancer. In this interim report, we describe short-term results in terms of morbidity and mortality. Methods and Methods: The sample size was 442 participants. At the time of the interim analysis, 314 patients were enrolled and randomized. After excluding patients who did not undergo planned surgeries, we performed a modified per-protocol analysis of 151 and 145 patients in the LADG and TLDG groups, respectively. Results: The baseline characteristics, including comorbidity status, did not differ between the LADG and TLDG groups. Blood loss was somewhat higher in the LADG group, but statistical significance was not attained (76.76±72.63 vs. 62.91±65.68 mL; P=0.087). Neither the required transfusion level nor the operation or reconstruction time differed between the 2 groups. The mini-laparotomy incision in the LADG group was significantly longer than the extended umbilical incision required for specimen removal in the TLDG group (4.79±0.82 vs. 3.89±0.83 cm; P<0.001). There were no between-group differences in the time to solid food intake, hospital stay, pain score, or complications within 30 days postoperatively. No mortality was observed in either group. Conclusions: Short-term morbidity and mortality rates did not differ between the LADG and TLDG groups. The KLASS-07 trial is currently underway.