• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.220-225
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• 2021

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of levels of education on ground reaction force and center of pressure parameters during chest compression resuscitation. Method: Twenty male university students were divided into two groups; certified group (CG, n=10) and non-certified group (NCG, n=10). Two force plates were used to measure ground reaction force and center of pressure parameters during 30 times (three trials) chest compression resuscitation. Independent t-tests were used to compare ground reaction force and center of pressure parameters between two groups. An alpha level of 0.05 was used in all tests. Results: All chest-compression time parameters (total time, 1 systolic time, and diastolic time) in CG were significantly shorter than those in NCG (p<.05). Fy of the diastolic and Fz of the systolic in CG revealed significantly the larger GRF values and Fy of the systolic in CG showed significantly the smaller GRF value (p<.05). The standard deviation of Fz of the systolic and diastolic within the subject during 30 times chest-compression resuscitation revealed significantly the smaller values in CG (p<.05). Conclusion: First, CG performed chest compressions efficiently at an appropriate rate compared to NCG. Second, CG showed lower Fx and Fy values in both the mediolateral and anteroposterior axes compared to NCG, which reduced unnecessary chest-compression force consumption and minimized the movement in patients with cardiac arrest. Third, CG showed high Fz value of the systolic and low Fz value of the diastolic. Based on this, chest compression resuscitation was performed to increase the survival rate of cardiac arrest patients.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.45-53
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• 2019

Water and soil properties in paddy fields subjected to organic and conventional farming were characterized over the rice cycle in South Korea. To achieve the goals of this study, we sampled and analyzed soil and water from 24 organic paddy plots and 11 conventional paddy plots in March, May, August, and October 2016. The results were analyzed using statistical analyses, including analysis of variance (ANOVA), cluster analysis, and principal component analysis. The ANOVA results showed that water content (WC), electrical conductivity (EC), organic matter (OM), and available phosphorus ($P_2O_5$) in soil varied significantly (p < 0.01) depending on the farming method. Higher OM, EC, and $P_2O_5$ of soil were observed in the conventional paddies than in the organic paddies. All soil properties, except pH and ammonium, depended on seasonal variation. Cluster analysis revealed that soil properties in May were distinctly separated from those in other seasons mainly due to basal fertilization. The principal component analysis distinguished the soil properties in different seasons, but such a distinction was not observed between the soil properties in organic and conventional paddies. Low contents of WC, OM, and total N were observed in March. High concentrations of nitrate and total P were observed in May, but these were low in August and October. The soils from October were also characterized by high concentrations of EC and $P_2O_5$. These results indicate that the sampling time for soil and water can significantly influence the evaluation of soil properties with different farming methods.

• 대한치매학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.100-109
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• 2018

Background and Purpose: Although the clock drawing test (CDT) is a widely used cognitive screening instrument, there have been inconsistent findings regarding its utility with various scoring systems in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia. The present study aimed to identify whether patients with MCI or dementia exhibited impairment on the CDT using three different scoring systems, and to determine which scoring system is more useful for detecting MCI and mild dementia. Methods: Patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI), vascular mild cognitive impairment (VaMCI), mild Alzheimer's disease (AD), mild vascular dementia (VaD), and cognitively normal older adults (CN) were included. All participants were administered the CDT, the Korean-Mini Mental State Examination (K-MMSE), and the Clinical Dementia Rating scale. The CDT was scored using the 3-, 5-, and 15-point scoring systems. Results: On all three scoring systems, all patient groups demonstrated significantly lower scores than the CN. However, while there were no significant differences among patients with aMCI, VaMCI, and AD, those with VaD exhibited the lowest scores. Area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic curves revealed that the three CDT scoring systems were comparable with the K-MMSE in differentiating aMCI, VaMCI, and VaD from CN. In differentiating AD from CN, however, the CDT using the 15-point scoring system demonstrated the most comparable discriminability with K-MMSE. Conclusions: The results demonstrated that the CDT is a useful cognitive screening tool that is comparable with the Mini-Mental State Examination, and that simple CDT scoring systems are sufficient for differentiating patients with MCI and mild dementia from CN.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.357-363
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• 2018

The objective of this study was to investigate whether exogenous proline (Pro) could confer freezing tolerance of spinach and determine fluctuations of free amino acids in spinach leaf tissues under freeze-induced stress. Treatment with Pro (10 mM) resulted in more accumulation of Pro (~2.6-fold) in Pro-treated spinaches compared to untreated ones. These Pro-pretreated spinaches were more freezing-tolerant, showing more turgid leaves and petioles compared to untreated controls. However, when spinaches pre-treated with or without Pro were subjected to freezing, there was no significant difference in overall amino acid contents, emphasizing the role of Pro as an osmoprotectant. Freezing stress prompted intensification of total amino acid contents irrespective of pretreatment with Pro. Asp, Glu, Ala, and Val were the most abundant free amino acids due to increased protein degradation and nitrogen mobilization for plant survival under freezing stress. Arg, a precursor for the synthesis of polyamines in plants, was profoundly enhanced under freezing stress. This implies that Arg plays an important role in modulating freezing tolerance. Gly, Leu, and Ile were maintained at relatively low levels in all treatments. However, Ser, Tyr, and Lys as primary constituents of dehydrins were accumulated under freezing stress, suggesting that they might play a role in increasing cryoprotective activity under freezing stress.

• 광고학연구
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.127-160
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• 2018

본 연구는 가상현실(VR) 및 증강현실(AR)을 사용한 브랜디드 엔터테인먼트, 즉 리얼리티 브랜디드 콘텐츠(Reality Branded Content, RBC)에 대하여 내용분석 방법을 통해 그 형식과내용을 탐색하였다. 이를 위해 RBC의 특성을 파악하기 위한 분석 항목들을 도출하였으며 300개의 표본에 대하여 카이제곱 검정과 일원분산분석 등의 통계분석 기법을 사용하여 분석하였다. 그 결과, RBC는 주로 디리버티브 스토리텔링 기법을 사용하며, 감성적 소구를 하는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 또한 디지털 리얼리티 기술유형(VR, AR) 별 상호작용성량을 확인한 결과, 증강현실을 사용한 RBC의 상호작용성량이 상대적으로 더 많은 것으로 나타났다. 아울러 상호작용성 유무에 따른 RBC의 인지된 가치량과 콘텐츠 수용에 관여하는 감각의 양적 차이를 살펴본 결과, 인지된콘텐츠 가치량은 상호작용성 기능이 있는 경우가 없는 경우보다 높았고, 관여된 감각의 양은 상호작용성 기능이 없을 때 더 높게 나타났다. 이어 분석의 결과를 토대로 본 연구가 갖는 학문적의의를 논하였으며, 향후 RBC를 활용한 마케팅 커뮤니케이션의 효과 제고를 위한 실무적 시사점을 제시하였다.

• 대한금속재료학회지
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• 제47권8호
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• pp.482-487
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• 2009

In order to investigate the effects of intermediate heat treatment between cold rolling passes on the hardness and corrosion properties of a Zr alloy incorporating Nb (Zr-1.49Nb-0.38Sn-0.20Fe-0.11Cr) strip, three different intermediate heat treatment processes ($580^{\circ}C{\times}4hrs$, $600^{\circ}C{\times}2hrs$ and $620^{\circ}{\times}1hrs$) were designed based on a recrystallization map and an accumulated annealing parameter. Test samples from the different processes were investigated by a hardness test, corrosion test, and microstructure analysis and appropriate heat-treatment conditions were thereupon proposed. The sample subjected to an intermediate heat treatment of $580^{\circ}C{\times}4hrs$ was harder than that undergoing $600^{\circ}C{\times}2hrs$ and $620^{\circ}C{\times}1hr$ while the corrosion resistance of the sample that received an intermediate heat treatment of $580^{\circ}C{\times}4hrs$ was superior to that of the other specimens. Considering the trade-off of hardness and corrosion resistance, an intermediate heat treatment process of $600^{\circ}C{\times}2hrs$ is proposed to improve the manufacturing process of the alloy strip.

• 대한금속재료학회지
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• 제47권8호
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• pp.474-481
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• 2009

The effects of final heat treatment on the mechanical and corrosion properties of a Zr alloy strip incorporating Nb were investigated. The chemical composition of the strip was Zr-1.49Nb-0.38Sn-0.20Fe-0.11Cr, and strip specimens were subjected to final heat treatment in a temperature range of $580{\sim}700^{\circ}C$. Tensile tests at room temperature and $316^{\circ}C$, along with corrosion tests in a simulated PWR loop and a 70 ppm LiOH solution environment at $360^{\circ}C$, were performed on the specimens. The mechanical properties of the strip were saturated when the specimens received final heat treatment at an elevated temperature of more than $640^{\circ}C$. However, the corrosion resistance of the strip in the simulated PWR loop and in the 70 ppm LiOH solution environment was improved with a decrease of the final annealing temperature. It is recommended that the alloy strip be finally heat-treated at a temperature of less than $620^{\circ}C$ for longer than 10 minutes in order to obtain fully recrystallized microstructures, and thereby attain enlarged tensile elongation, and to prevent the precipitation of ${\beta}-Zr$, which is known to deteriorate the corrosion resistance.

• 정보보호학회논문지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.105-115
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• 2009

최근에는 초고속인터넷망을 통하여 이용자의 요청에 따라 양방 항으로 다양한 멀티미디어 콘텐츠를 제공하는 통신방송 융합서비스인 IPTV 서비스가 증가하고 있다. 그러나 이동성이 잦은 사용자가 IPTV 서비스를 제공받기 위해서는 사용자의 IPTV 서비스 가입 유무가 필수적이지만 현재 이동 사용자에게 제공되는 IPTV 서비스는 이동 사용자의 인증을 안전하게 제공하지 못하고 있다. 이 논문에서는 IPTV 서비스를 제공받는 이동 사용자를 안전하게 인식하기 위해 IPTV STB에 RFID를 부착하여 이동 사용자를 인증할 수 있는 경량화 된 사용자 인증 프로토콜을 제안한다. 제안된 프로토콜은 이동 사용자의 인증과정에서 임의로 생성된 랜덤수를 태그가 IPTV STB로 전달하면 IPTV STB는 전달받은 랜덤수와 자신의 ID로 해쉬 함수에 의해 해쉬된 결과 값을 태그에게 전달하도록 하여 무선 구간에서 자주 발생하는 reply 공격과 man-in-the-middle 공격을 예방하고 있다.

• 정보보호학회논문지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.145-156
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• 2010

최근에 TV와 인터넷 등의 통신 기술의 발달로 인하여 인터넷망에 멀티미디어 콘텐츠를 융합한 IPTV 서비스가 증가하고 있다. 그러나 사용자가 임의의 장소에서 서비스를 제공받을 때 기존 IPTV 서비스는 이동 사용자의 가입 유 무 및 인증 과정이 복잡하여 불법적인 사용자의 증가와 서비스 지연 등의 통신 장애가 발생하는 문제점이 있다. 이 논문에서는 IPTV 서비스를 불법적으로 도용하는 사용자를 효율적으로 추출하여 무선 구간에서 많이 발생하는 복제 공격을 예방하기 위한 통신 보안 메커니즘을 제안한다. 제안 메커니즘은 사용자들이 사용하는 RFID 태그에 스마트 카드를 융합하여 플러그 앤 플레이 기능을 수행할 수 있도록 RFID-USB 장비에 보안 에이전트를 두어 키 초기화 과정, 상호 인증과정, 키 분배과정 등을 수행한다. 또한, 제안 메커니즘은 사용자가 RFID-USB 범위안에 접근할 때마다 RFID-USB에서 생성한 랜덤수와 이동 사용자의 ID를 해쉬 함수에 적용하여 해쉬된 토근값을 업데이트함으로써 무선 구간에서 자주 발생하는 재사용 공격과 man-in-the-middle 공격을 예방하고 있다.

• 한국자기공명학회논문지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.136-142
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• 2020

Apolipoprotein B-100 (apo B-100), the main protein component that makes up LDL (Low density lipoprotein), consists of 4,536 amino acids and serves to combine with the LDL receptor. The oxidized LDL peptides by malondialdehyde (MDA) or acetylation in vivo were act as immunoglobulin (Ig) antigens and peptide groups were classified into 7 peptide groups with subsequent 20 amino acids (P1-P302). The biomimetic peptide P99 (KGTYG LSCQR DPNTG RLNGE) out of B-group peptides carrying the highest value of IgM antigens were selected for structural studies that may provide antigen specificity. Circular Dichroism (CD) spectra were measured for peptide secondary structure in the range of 190-260 nm. Experimental results show that P99 has pseudo α-helice and random coil structure. Homonuclear (COSY, TOCSY, NOESY) 2D-NMR experiments were carried out for NMR signal assignments and structure determination for P99. On the basis of these completely assigned NMR spectra and proton distance information, distance geometry (DG) and molecular dynamic (MD) were carried out to determine the structures of P99. The proposed structure was selected by comparisons between experimental NOE spectra and back-calculated 2D NOE results from determined structure showing acceptable agreement. The total Root-Mean-Square-Deviation (RMSD) value of P99 obtained upon superposition of all atoms were in the set range. The solution state P99 has mixed structure of pseudo α-helix and β-turn(Gln[9] to Thr[13]). These NMR results are well consistent with secondary structure from experimental results of circular dichroism. Structural studies based on NMR may contribute to the prevent oxidation studies of atherosclerosis and observed conformational characteristics of apo B-100 in LDL using monoclonal antibodies.