• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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• 2001.05a
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• pp.10-14
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• 2001

Physical chemistry states that electric potential is due to Gibb's free energy from chemical reaction of the electric cell. However we have not the electromagnetic meaning of Gibb's free energy. the free energy is discovered to be a kinetic energy part of the rotating electromagnetic wave ($\pi$-ray), which is different from conventional Coulomb attraction energy and can anticipate that there is a current difference between before and after the electric load. This paper manipulates the relationship between $\pi$-rays (Gibb's free energy) and electrolysis, cell reaction and brown gas reaction.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2001.04a
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• pp.171-173
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• 2001

Conventional potential concept does not allow different currents before and after the electric load. Experimental examples in case of bioloads show a lot of different currents before and after the bioload, which means that the true potential concept is not the conventional concept from Coulomb attraction energy but the new concept from Gibb's free energy. Gibb's free energy is a kind of potential heat energies and also they are rotating electromagnetic waves. We might think that electric current is not a flow of electrons but a flow of rotating electromagnetic waves, which induces electrons' vibrations. A new measuring method for integral electrical power is suggested for the new Gibb's free energy concept.

• Proceedings of the Korea Air Pollution Research Association Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.219-220
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• 2001

Each atom is enclosed with $\pi$-rays, which were produced by the alternating magnetic field that is made by the electron's going and returning between atoms. If some resonant $\pi$-rays are supplied to and suppress the fencing $\pi$-rays, the bonding will be broken because the equilibrium distance for the electron moving between atoms can not be maintained. Electrolysis process supplies $\pi$-rays of Gibb's free energy to the reactant atoms and then the component atoms are divided into and are induced to both electric poles. (omitted)

• Proceedings of the Korea Air Pollution Research Association Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.217-218
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• 2001

Each atom is enclosed with $\pi$-rays, which were produced by the alternating magnetic field that is made by the electron's going and returning between atoms. If some resonant $\pi$-rays are supplied to and suppress the fencing $\pi$-rays, the bonding will be broken because the equilibrium distance for the electron moving between atoms can not be maintained. Electrolysis process supplies $\pi$-rays of Gibb's free energy to the reactant atoms and then the component atoms are divided into and are induced to both electric poles. (omitted)

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.911-914
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• 2005

The vibrational characteristics of the piezoelectric disc for a torsional vibration transducer is theoretically studied in this paper. The characteristic equation of the piezoelectric annular disc has been derived from Newton's End law and Gibb's free energy equations. With an anisotropic material property of the disc, the characteristic equation has yielded resonance frequencies. Numerically-calculated results were compared with the values obtained by finite element analysis and experiments

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.415-423
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• 2008

Earth outer core is composed of iron mainly with some diluent elements, which account for the observed ca. 10% density deficit compared to the pure iron. Among candidates as the light diluents, hydrogen and oxygen were selected, and the thermodynamic stability of the following reaction was calculated; hematite + hydrogen $\to$ goethite + iron. At ambient conditions, Gibb's free energy of this reaction is 12.62 kJ/mol. On increasing pressure at room temperature, it decreases to zero at 0.068 GPa. This energy decreases at constant rate down to 200 GPa, which shows -208.26 kJ/mol at that pressure. From these results, this chemical reaction prefers the reduction environment forming the iron element and iron oxyhydroxide, so possible presence of iron oxyhydroxide with iron at proto-core can not be ruled out.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.32 no.9
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• pp.3233-3238
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• 2011

The fluorescence of norfloxacin was quenched by various nucleotides. The ratio of the fluorescence intensities in the absence and presence of nucleotide was linearly dependent on nucleotide concentration, suggesting that quenching occurred through the formation of nonfluorescent norfloxacin-nucleotide complexes. The gradient of the linear relationship represented the equilibrium constant of complex formation; it decreased with increasing temperature. The slopes of van't Hoff plots constructed from the temperature-dependent equilibrium constants were positive in all cases, indicating that complex formation was energetically favorable - i.e., exothermic, with negative Gibb's free energy. The equilibrium constant increased when triphosphate was used instead of monophosphate. It also increased when the oxygen at the $C'_2$ position of the nucleotide was removed. Both enhancements were due to entropic effects: entropy decreased when complexes with AMP or GMP formed, while it increased when norfloxacin complexed with ATP, GTP, dAMP and dGMP.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1993.10a
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• pp.601-606
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• 1993

From the power plants in a steel plant, environment pollutants such as SOx, NOx, CO are emitted by the combustion reaction between the fuels those are by-product gases and oil. To reduce the amounts of the pollutants, it must be important that build the predictive models for the emission of the pollutants. In this paper, the model that predict the amount of future fuel consumption and the model that predict the amount of generated pollutants for the used fuel amounts is developed by using Gibb's free energy minimization method with the temperature correction techniques and neural network back propagation method. For some data set, the calculation results from this models are compared with the real emission amounts of SOx, NOx and result of the calculation by the ASPEN plus which is a commercial software. The result from this model is better than the result by ASPEN plus for this problem.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.164-176
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• 2005

In bioengineering field, current academic trends and informations on crystallization technology for bioproduct separation were summarized. It is essential for utilizing the crystallization technology to understand the fundamental phenomena of crystallization of crystal nucleation, crystal growth, crystal agglomeration and population balance for the design of crystallizers. In general, the crystal nucleation that the crystalline solids occur from the solution is analyzed by Gibb's free energy change in the aspect of thermodynamics and in the present paper the crystal nucleation models based on the above thermodynamics are summarized by their key characteristics. The crystal growth and agglomeration, which have been studied over 50 years and are essential phenomena for separation technology, are reviewed from their basic concept to most leading edge trend of researches. In the material and population balances for the designs of crystallization separation process, the analysis of crystallizers is summarized. Thereon, the present review paper will academically contribute the understanding the crystallization phenomena and the design of the crystallization separation process.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.177-188
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• 1987

A compute program based on the minimization of total Gibbs' free energy and enthalpy balance was developed to calculate the chemical equilibrium composition and adiabatic flame temperature, especially stressed on NO and CO concentration of Heavy oil. Twenty four components of combustion gases which would be produced from the combustion of Heavy oil were chosen and utilized for the products composition analysis of competing combustion reaction. As the results, following conclusions were turned out; (1) Maximum adiabatic flame temperature was found around to be 2900K, when the stoichiometric air ratio was 0.8. (2) Maximum NO quantity in adiabatic process was occurred when supplied air quantity was around 120% of theoretical air requirement. (3) NO and CO quantities were increased with combustion gas temperature at constant stoichiometric air ratio. (4) At constant temperature of combustion gas, NO quantity was increased and Co quantity was decreased with supplied air quantity.