• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 1995

The development of omasum in fetuses between 60, 90, 120 days of gestation and neonates of Korean native goats was investigated by fight; scanning electron microscopy. The results were summarized as follows : 1. In the 60-day-old fetuses, the stomach was developed and differentiated into four compartments of rumen, reticulum, omasum, and abomasum. The mucosa of the omasum was thrown into folds which appeared to be three or four different orders of large, medium, small, and smallest laminae. 2. In the 90-day-old fetuses, the omasal laminae had increased greatly in length and cores of omasal laminae were invaginated laterally. 3. In the 120-day-old fetuses, the wall of the omasal laminae had increased in length and the lamina epithelialisis had slightly increased in thickness. The lateral invaginations at the dark zone had increased in length and depth. The tunica muscularis increased only slightly in thickness particularly within its inner circular layer. 4. In the neonate, the muscularis and the omasal laminae had increased in thickness. The lateral invaginations of the dark zone were observed in the first, second and third order of omasal laminae. 5. Scanning electron microscopic studies : In the 90-day-old fetuses, numerous microvilli and microridges were observed on the luminar surface of the omasal mucosa. The omasal papillae were already formed at 120 days of gestation. In the I20-day-old fetuses omasal papillae liked nipple shape. In the neonate, the omasal papillae liked the thumb.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.55 no.5
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• pp.389-398
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• 2013

This study was conducted to investigate the genetic relationships among four reproductive traits. Data for this study were 7616 records from 1910 Landrace (L) and 10,454 records from 2283 Yorkshire (Y) in a closed nucleus swine herd. Traits considered on this study were gestation length (GL), total number of piglets born (TNB), wean to first service (WFS), and number of stillborn per litter (NSB). Heritabilities and genetic correlations were estimated by using the Bayesian inferences via Gibbs sampling in a four trait linear-threshold repeatability animal mixed model by designating NSB as a categorical trait in the L and Y purebred populations. Effects on the statistical model were considered for parity, contemporary group as fixed and service sire, permanent environmental, animal additive genetic effects as random. Estimates of heritability were 0.21, 0.23, 0.16, and 0.09 for GL, WFS, TNB, and NSB in the L population and 0.35, 0.16, 0.14 and 0.10 for corresponding traits in the Y population, respectively. Genetic correlation for GL was -0.59 and -0.28 with TNB and -0.58 and -0.17 with NSB in the L and Y populations, respectively. The NSB was positively correlated with TNB in the L and Y populations in genetic and environmental aspects. Therefore, the NSB should be taken into account in selecting sows for improving prolificacy of dam line breeding swine stock.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.239-244
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• 2004

The present study was to investigate the pregnancy rate, gestation length and abortion rate of the recipients which transferred blastocysts produced by in-vivo collection, in-vitro fertilization (IVF) and nuclear transfer (NT). In addition, we investigate the birth weight and survival rate of the calves derived from the same methods. The pregnancy rate was 56.3％ in-vivo blastocysts, significantly higher than 19.4％ in NT blastocysts (p<0.05) but not significantly different from 30.0％ in IVF blastocysts. The abortion rate and the gestation length did not differ among the treatment groups (abortion rate: 0, 22.2 and 16.7％ respectively; gestation length: 278.8, 289.4 and 281.4 days respectively). The mean birth weight was significantly higher in NT calves (39.9kg) than in-vivo calves (25.5kg p<0.05). Recipients of in-vivo blastocysts (n=9) had all normal delivery and all of their calves survived on the 60$^{th}$ day from the birth. Recipients of IVF blastocysts (n=7) had all normal delivery but one of their calves died on the 48$^{th}$ day from the birth. Among recipients of NT blastocysts (n=5), three had normal delivery and two had Caesarean section. Among calves born through normal delivery (n=3) two died just after delivery but those born through Caesarean section all survived on the 60th day from the birth.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.5-11
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• 1976

Considerable data has been reported on the outcome of pregnancies subsequent to induced abortion, but the findings contain a great deal of inconsistency and disagreement. Most studies strongly suggest that normal deliveries are less likely to occur in subsequent pregnancies following induced abortion, in terms of gestation length, birth weight, stillbirth, and miscarriage. Other work suggests that some of the demographic and health characteristics of women who experience induced abortion are different from those women who do not; and these factors may affect the outcome of subsequent pregnancies profoundly rather than the induced abortion itself.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.26-34
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• 1996

Copulation process, fertilization and gestation of the viviparous teleost surfperch, Ditrema temmincki were investigated by using photomicroscopy. Samples were collected from the vicinity of Suyoung Bay, Pusan, Korea from May 1992 to August 1993. During the copulation period, the copulatory organs were protruded at the base part of right and left soft ray of the anal fin in mature male. Secondary sexual characteristics index (SSCI) of male participated in copulation was above 3.5. Mature oocytes appeared only in the female containing sperms in the ovarian cavity. Transport of the spermatozoa into the ovarian cavity during copulation belonged to a spermatophore type. After copulation, spermatozoa remained in the ovarian cavity for about one month untill fertilization. Fertilization occured within the follicular cavity. Fertilized eggs were released into the ovarian cavity where they developed during gestation period. Developmental sequence of the female was as following: fertilization-ovulation-hatching-parturition. Right before parturition, the total length (TL) of the embryo was about 63.0 mm. When TL of maternal body was 20.0 cm, the mean numbers of the embryo were 18. The numbers of the embryo were positively related to the maternal body size.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 1989

A field survey was conducted to obtain the data on reproductive performation of Korean native cattle. The data for this study were taken from 6,461 breeding records of cows raising at general farms in 8 Hanwoo(native cattle) pure breeding areas from June, 1984 through November, 1985. The recycling rate within 30 days, 31 to 60 days, and 61 to 90 days postpartum was 7.5%, 40.0%, and 32.8%, and it amounted to 80.3%, while the non-recyling rate up to 120days postcalving was 8.4%. Conception rate according to insemination(AI) frequencies was 65.7% at 1st AI, 21.3% at 2nd AI, and 8.4% at 3rd AI, respectively. It amounted to 95.4% up to 3rd AI. Clving rate during the spring time was the highest, 39.6%, and tended to be reduced according to summer(31.6%), autumn (16.3%), and winter (12.5%). Spring and summer were the highest seasons for pregnancy and their gestation rates are 33.7% in spring and 39.2% in winter, respectively. The days from calving to estrus and conception, and calving interval of the cows, which calved two or three times, tended to be reduced. However, the more parities, the more they are extended. According to parities, gestation length and services per conception showed irregular tendencies.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.9-21
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• 1986

Teratological study on pranoprofen, as antiinflammatory agent, was conducted by oral intubation in Sprague-Dawley rats. Pranoprofen was administered doses of 1.0, 2.5 and 5.0mg/kg/day and doze of 0.5mg/kg/day of Indomethacin was used as positive control. The rats were dosed from day 7 to 17 of gestation. At necropsy on day 20 of gestation, pathologically changes of gastroin-testinal system, liver and adrenal gland were examined at the high dose administered group. There were no differences between control and treated group on the number of implantations, the number of alive and dead fetuses, tail length, and external visceral and skeletal malformations.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.311-317
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• 2001

YHB6211, a newly developed recombinant human granulocyte colonystimulating factor, was administered at dose levels of 0, 3, 15, and 75 $\mu$g/kg/day intravenously to the pregnant New Zealand White rabbits (20 rabbits per group) during the organogenetic period, days 6 to 18 of gestation. All dams were subjected to Caesarian section on day 28 of gestation and their fetuses were examined for external, visceral, and skeletal abnormalities. No abnormalities in clinical signs, body weight changes, gross findings, mortality, and external appearance were found in all dams and fetuses exposed to 0, 3, and 15 $\mu$g/kg/day of YHB6211. However, in the group treated with 75 $\mu\textrm{g}$/kg/day of YHB6211, maternal body and uterine weights, fetal body weights and length, and the number of live fetuses were significantly decreased and further fetal mortality was remarkably increased. It is suggested that YHB6211 may have no side effect up to the dose level of 15 $\mu$g/kg/day, and there would be no teratogenicity for fetuses of rabbits up to 75 $\mu\textrm{g}$/kg/day even if it may have some toxic effects over 75$\mu\textrm{g}$/kg/day for dams and fetuses of rabbits.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.820-826
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• 2018

Objective: The purpose of this retrospective study was to investigate the relationship between temperature-humidity index (THI), season, and conception rate (CR) of Holstein cows in central Taiwan. Methods: The mean performance and number of observations were statistically evaluated for various parameters, including age at first service, number of days open, gestation length, CR, and calving interval for different parities. Results: The results indicate that the mean age at first service was 493.2 days; the gestation length was similar across all cows of different parities, ranging from 275.1 to 280.7 days. The overall CR of all inseminations was significantly lower in multiparous cows ($47.26%{\pm}0.22%$) than in heifers ($57.14%{\pm}0.11%$) (p<0.05). At THI>72 and during the hot season (from June to November), CRs for multiparous cows were significantly reduced compared to that for heifers, while the ratio remained unchanged among heifers for all seasons. Conclusion: To achieve a high CR, lactating cows should be bred in winter and spring (from December to May) from the start of the seasonal breeding program, whereas the heifer should be allowed to breed in summer and fall under the subtropical climate in Taiwan.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.249-254
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• 2016

It is imperious to know the reproductive parameters of the subsisting swine breed for profitable farming in Bangladesh. This study was designed to compare the reproductive parameters of sows at hilly areas between the local and crossbred at farm and backyard level. A total of 116 breedable sows were included. The data on age at puberty, litter size, birth weight, weaning weight, gestation length, interval between farrowing and number of piglets born per sow in local and crossbred sows were determined and direct questionnaire method was used for data collection. The present study revealed that age at puberty between farm and backyard system of crossbred sows was $8.88{\pm}0.153$ and $9.85{\pm}0.221$ months, respectively. The farrowing interval was shorter in crossbred sows which were kept in farming system rather than backyard system. The interval between farrowing and onset of estrus was shorter in crossbred sows. The gestation length was almost similar between backyard and farm condition. The number of litter size per sow per farrowing was $8.45{\pm}0.41$ in crossbred and $7.17{\pm}0.250$ in local pigs at backyard system. The birth weight and weaning weight were more in farm conditions than backyard system. The age at puberty in local breed was lower than the crossbred and litter size was $8.45{\pm}0.407$ in crossbred which was higher than local breed $7.17{\pm}0.250$ in backyard system. These results suggest that reproductive parameters of local sow need to be improved for better production and crossbred sows should be reared for obtaining desired productivity.