• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.111-117
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• 2014

This study was conducted to optimize the efficiency of cloning and to produce cloned mice. The majority of cloned mammals derived by nuclear transfer (NT) die during gestation and have enlarged and dysfunctional placentas. In this study, the optimized conditions were established to produce clone mice. The parthenogenetic oocytes were activated after 6 h regardless of cytochalasin B (CB) concentration. CB treatment ($2{\mu}g/ml$) was found second polar body. Lower concentration of CB was decreased the activation rate, but the second polar body was the best highly increased during 6 h incubation. The small fragments were exhibited in the $5{\mu}g/ml$ treatment of CB, but it was not found in lower concentration groups (> $2.5{\mu}g/ml$). To examine effects of $SrCl_2$ on the adult cumulus cells, somatic cell NT oocytes were exposed during 0.5, 1 and 6 hrs. The second polar body was significantly greater in 0.5 h exposure group (6.6%) than 1, 6 hrs. Developmental rate from 2-cell to 4-cell was the lowest in 7.5 mM Strontium chloride ($SrCl_2$) groups (84.1% and 64.3%) than 5, 10 m $MSrCl_2$. The implantation rate was not significantly difference among 5, 7.5 and 10 m $MSrCl_2$ group. Three live fetuses were produced by SCNT. SCNT placentas were remarkably heavier than IVF group (8 fetuses) (0.34, 0.34, 0.33 vs 0.14 g) compared with the placenta weight of IVF and SCNT clones.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.644-649
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• 2003

The effects of housing and nutrition on the performance of first lactation sows of the Nepalese Pakhribas breed were investigated. A total of 36 sows, from a previous experiment on nutrition during gilt rearing, were allocated according to a factorial design with 2 levels of nutrition, 60 or 80% of the calculated lactation requirement, and two types of housing, traditional or improved. The mean live weight loss of sows during lactation was reduced to a slightly greater extent by improved housing (p<0.05) than by better nutrition (p<0.10). There was also a significantly lower loss of $P_2$ backfat thickness (p<0.05) and mean body condition score (p<0.05) for sows on the higher plane of nutrition. Piglet weight gain in early and mid lactation was influenced by gestation feeding of the gilt (p<0.10) and by housing (p<0.05). Late lactation gain was influenced only by lactation feeding (p<0.05). In consequence, piglet weight at 42 day weaning was increased to a similar extent by improved housing (p<0.05) and better lactation nutrition (p<0.01). Significantly more sows were remated by day 10 after weaning from a higher level of rearing nutrition ($x^2=13.57$, p=0.001), and from improved housing and improved lactation (both $x^2=4.57$, p=0.033). It is concluded that, under Nepalese village conditions, improvements in housing may be a more cost effective way of improving sow performance than expenditure on additional feed resources.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제8권6호
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• pp.803-813
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• 2003

Literature suggests that iron deficiency anemia is prevalent among pregnant women all over the world. This study was designed to evaluate the iron status of pregnant women during the fist five months, with the intention of determining ways to reduce the prevalence of iron deficiency anemia among pregnant women in Korea. We collected dietary information and measured the biochemical status of iron in 171 pregnant women over 16 weeks of gestation (=16.7$\pm$2.34 week). Dietary intakes for 3 days were collected using the 24 hour recall and food record methods. The daily Fe intake was measured using the food frequency method. The Body Mass Index (BMI), calculated by using the pre-pregnancy weight and height, indicated that 31.3% of subjects were under-weight. We divided the subjects into normal and anemic group by using the serum ferritin levels. It appeared that the mean dietary intake of iron was 52.3% of the recommended level for pregnant women. The dietary quality evaluation showed that pregnant women ate only 58% of the recommended amount in the food groups of meat, fish, eggs, beans and milk and dairy products. The hematological indices showed that the mean Hemoglobin (Hb) was 11.9 g/dl, Hematocrit (Hct) was 35.1%, ferritin was 23.9 $ng/ml$, and transferrin was 297.3 ${\mu}g/dl$. The dietary intake of iron was significantly lower and the vitamin C intake was significantly higher in the anemic group. The pre-pregnancy BMI was significantly lower in the anemic group. Variables affecting iron intake were the Fe intake frequency index and the food group score. The Fe index showed significantly positive correlation with the pre-pregnancy food intake and the food group score. Hb showed a significantly positive correlation with the pre-pregnancy food intake. We concluded that strategies to improve iron status be implemented in the pre-pregnant stage so as to reduce the prevalence of iron deficiency and that we should stress on the importance of an adequate diet as well as the maintenance of a heathy weight.

• Neonatal Medicine
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.186-190
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• 2018

Esophageal atresia (EA) with proximal tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF; gross type B) is a rare defect. Although most patients have long-gap EA, there are still no established surgical guidelines. A premature male infant with symmetric intrauterine growth retardation (birth weight, 1,616 g) was born at 35 weeks and 5 days of gestation. The initial diagnosis was pure EA (gross type A) based on failure to pass an orogastric tube and the absence of stomach gas. A "feed and grow" approach was implemented, with gastrostomy performed on postnatal day 2. A fistula was detected during bronchoscopy for recurrent pneumonia; thus, we confirmed type B EA and performed TEF excision and cervical end esophagostomy. As the infant's stomach volume was insufficient for bolus feeding after reaching a body weight of 2.5 kg, continuous tube feeding was provided through a gastrojejunal tube. On the basis of these findings, esophageal reconstruction with gastric pull-up was performed on postnatal day 141 (infant weight, 4.7 kg), and he was discharged 21 days postoperatively. At 12 months after birth, there was no catch-up growth; however, he is currently receiving a baby food diet without any complications. In patients with EA, bronchoscopy is useful for confirming TEF, whereas for those with long-gap EA with a small stomach volume, esophageal reconstruction with gastric pull-up after continuous feeding through a gastrojejunal tube is worth considering.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.167-173
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• 2005

Bisphenol A (BPA) is a monomer used in the manufacture of a multitude of chemical products, including epoxy resins and polycarbonate. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of BPA administration on reproductive characteristics and blood hematological and chemical values in offspring of pregnant dams treated with BPA. BPA was administrated to pregnant mice by intraperitoneally injection with 0, 0.05, 0.5 and 5.0 mg/kg B.W. for 5 times at 3 days interval on gestation days 1-16. There were no treatment-related effects of BPA on reproductive organ weight in male offsprings at 45 days-of-age, but body weight was the lowest in 5.0mg BPA group when compared to other groups (P<0.05). No differences in semen characteristics (sperm concentration, viability, motility and abnormality) were observed between the control and BPA treatment groups. The WBC, HB, HT, MCV, MCH, MCHC, albumin, BUN and total protein of blood hematological and chemical values in male offsprings were not difference for any treatment groups, but RBC value in BPA groups was significantly increased comparing to the control group (P<0.05). The PLT value was slightly higher in 5.0mg BPA groups than in any other group, but not significantly difference among the experimental groups. In female offsprings, the effects of BPA didn't affect to the body and ovary weight, but the uterus weight in 5.0mg BPA group was slightly heavier than that of control group (P>0.05). No statically significant difference in blood hematological values in female offsprings were observed between the control group and BPA groups, but the concentration of albumin and BUN were significantly higher in 0.5mg BPA group when compared to control and other BPA treatment groups (P<0.05). The histological evaluation of testis and ovary in growing offspring at 45 days-of-age was not difference between the control group and BPA groups, but endometriosis of the uterus in female offspring was dramatically increased in 0.5 and 5.0mg BPA groups. These founding suggest that low concentration of BPA might not have a important role on reproductive ability or blood metabolite in offspring of pregnant dams treated with BPA.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.347-352
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• 1995

Closantel이 간질(Fasciola hepatica)에 감염된 소에 미치는 치료 효과를 알아보기 위하여 간질 및 쌍구흡충에 자연감염된 41두의 한우 암컷에 체중 kg당 closantel 5mg을 1회 경구투여하였다. 치료 후 2주째부터 일주일 간격으로 3회 실시한 분변검사에서 closantel로 치료한 군은 치료 후 2주째까지는 음성이었으나 치료 후 3주 및 4주째에는 3마리의 소의 분변에서 간질충란이 검출되어 97.7%의 음전율을 나타냈다. 치료군 41두 중 30두는 임신중이었으나 임신우로부터 또는 이들로 부터 태어난 송아지에서 아무런 부작용이나 이상증세가 관찰되지 않았다. 검사한 모든 소에서 쌍구흡충란이 검출되었으나 closantel 치료에 의하여 제거되지 않았다. 두번째 실험에서는 16두의 Holstein종 송아지에 실험적으로 300개의 간질 피낭유충을 인공감염시켰으며, 감염후 14주째에 이르러 모든 개체의 분변에서 간질 충란이 검출되었다. 이들에게 감염 후 18주에 체중 kg당 5mg의 closantel을 경구투여하였으며, 치료 후 2주째부터 1주일 간격으로 3회 실시된 충란검사에서 치료군의 모든 송아지가 100% 음전율을 나타냈다. 본 실험의 결과, 간질에 자연 또는 인공감염된 소에 체중 kg당 5mg의 closantel을 경구투여했을 경우, 97% 이상의 치료효과가 있음이 관찰되었다.

• 약학회지
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.190-204
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• 2001

This study was conducted to investigate for its effects on reproductive and developmental toxicity of recombinant human epidermal growth factor (rhEGF) in Sprague-Dawley rats. Male rats were administered rhEGF at doses of 1, 10, 100, and 1000$\mu$g/kg/day, respective1y, by subcutaneous injection from 63 days before and throughout to mating period until the day before sacrifice. Female rats were administered rhEGF at the same doses from 14 days before mating to day 20 of gestation or to day 21 of lactation. We examined the male and female fertility indices and maternal toxicity of F0 parental animals. Also, we examined the external, visceral, or skeletal malformation of fetuses, growth and development, behavior, and/or reproductive performance of F1 animals. At the highest dose (1,000 $\mu$g/kg), the mean body weights of F0 animals were significantly increased in males and females at 3 or 2 weeks after treatment, respective1y. No clinical signs and food intakes were observed at any time during the experimental period by rhEGF treatment. In autopsy examination, the relative and absolute liver weights significantly increased in both sexes of 1,000 $\mu$g/kg. At the highest dose (1,000 $\mu$g/kg), there was a statistically significant increase of pregnancy period and the number of dead fetuses. Moreover, significant increase of mean fetal body weight and decrease of number of live fetuses, which related to the difficult dilivery were observed in highest dose group. In Fl examination, no adverse effects on external, visceral, and skeletal malformation, physical and functional development, behavior or reproductive ability of Fl animals were observed in any group. Also, there was no significant difference between control and treated groups in copulation or fertility indices of Fl animals. These results indicate that rhEGF had no adverse effect on fertility and reproductive ability of Sprague-Dawley rats.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.21-28
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• 2023

Objective : Scolopendra, a dried body of Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans, is one of Korean medicine. Several reports revealed that Scolopendra has therapeutic effects for arthritis, neuroinflammatory diseases and neuropathic pain. However, the fetal adaptive response or teratogenicity associated with administration of Scolopendra is unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the fetal toxicity effects that were induced following oral administration of Scolopendra water extract (SWE) in pregnant mice. Methods : The pregnant mice were administrated SWE at dosed of 0, 100, 500 and 1000 mg/kg/day during gestation day 0-18. The mortality, body weight and clinical signs of pregnant mice were observed throughout experimental period. Also, the mortality and malformations in foetus were examined. Results : No meaningful changes were observed in the mortality and clinical signs of pregnant mice between the normal control group and SWE administrated groups. Additionally, there are no significant changes in fetal mortalities, and malformations by SWE administration. conclusion : These results suggest that oral exposure to SWE during pregnancy at oral dosages up to 1000 mg/kg/day did not induce teratogenic toxicity in regard to fetal mortality and morphology.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제43권5호
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• pp.794-801
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• 2016

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of supplementation Oreganum aetheroleum essential oil on reproductive performance in sows and growth performance of their offspring of weaning pig. 12 sows ($Landrace{\times}Yorkshire$) were randomly assigned within parities to 1 of 3 dietary treatments to give 4 replicates per treatment. Dietary treatments were as follows: 1) CON (basal diet) 2) ANT (basal diet + Efrotomycin 0.08%) and 3) ORE (basal diet + Oreganum aetheroleum essential oil 0.05%), EXP. 1, diets were fed from d 107 of gestation to weanling. EXP. 2, diets were fed from after weaning to 3 weeks. In the Exp.1, no significant difference (p > 0.05) was observed in sow's average parity, sow backfat thickness, the number of piglets, feed intake of sows, the average of piglet weight, and piglet survival ratio between CON, ANT, and ORE treatments. Besides, in the Exp. 2, the inclusion of efrotomycin and Oreganum aetheroleum essential oil in the diets significantly (p < 0.05) increased final body weight, ADG, ADFI, and G/F in weanling pigs. In addition, weanling pigs fed ANT and ORE diets led to decrease the number of weanling pigs with diarrhea as well as fecal score. In conclusion, supplementation of efrotomycin and Oreganum aetheroleum essential oil enhanced growth performance, and decreased the number of weanling pigs with diarrhea and fecal score. However, no significant effect on grow performance was observed in sow and piglet.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제64권2호
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• pp.302-311
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• 2022

This study investigated the effect of a synergistic blend of free and buffered organic acid (FMP) on the performance of piglets born to sows supplemented with a blend of short- and medium-chain organic acids (SGG) during the late gestation and lactation period. A total of 150 multiparous sows (n = 50/treatment, Landrace × Yorkshire) were blocked (2.4 parity) and assigned to 1 of 3 dietary treatments: CON - corn-soybean meal-based basal diet, SGG-Low - CON+ 1.5 kg/ton SGG, and SGG-High - CON + 3kg/ton SGG. During weaning, 600 piglets (6.72 ± 0.5kg) which weaned from sows supplemented with 3 levels of SGG were allocated to 2 weaner diets (Control and FMP - 3kg/ton) following 3 × 2 factorial arrangement. Supplemental effects on performance were measured at d0-d21 and d 21-42, and the entire period. Pigs fed with FMP and born to sows supplemented with SGG-High gained more weight and ate more (p < 0.05) compared with those in the CON group in both phases, and with SGG-Low in the second phase. Over the entire post-weaning period, piglets born to sows supplemented with SGG-Low and SGG-High had a higher average daily gain (ADG) and body weight (BW) (p < 0.05). Regardless of sow treatment, pigs fed with an FMP diet had higher ADG (p < 0.001), BW (p = 0.045), and a lower feed conversion ratio (p = 0.033). Also, feeding FMP diets reduced the fecal Escherichia coli and Clostridium perfringens counts at d42. The current study indicates that sows fed SGG supplement had a positive carry-over effect on the post-weaning growth rate, and FMP supplement enhances the growth performance and reduced the number of C. perfringens and E. coli. Thus, the application of 3 kg/ton of SGG in sows' diet and subsequent feeding of piglets with FMP would be an effective strategy to improve growth rate and reduce pathogenic bacteria in post-weaned piglets.