• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.293-293
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• 2017

The objective of this study was to determine physicochemical changes in brown rice during ageing condition. Five varieties (Haiami, Ilpum, Daecheong, Jungwon, and Dasan1) of brown rice were stored at $35^{\circ}C$ for 8 weeks. Crude protein and lipid content, seed germination rate, fat acidity, tocol content, TOYO glossiness value, pasting properties, and composition of storage proteins were measured to evaluate its quality during storage. The isomers of tocols (tocopherol and tocotrienols) were quantified using HPLC system, and the pattern of variation in rice storage proteins was examined through electrophoresis of protein extracts. Seed germination rate decreased by 2.7 times, whereas the fatty acid value dramatically increased by 4.8 times after 8 weeks of storage. Toyo glossiness value of cooked milled rice considerably affected by storage period, and the pasting properties of milled rice were also influenced by storage. The final viscosity and breakdown value increased, but setback decreased during storage. In terms of storage protein, proportion of prolamin (14.3 kDa) and globulin (26.4 kDa) increased, whereas percentage of glutelin (34-39 kDa and 21-22 kD) decreased. Furthermore, the contents of total tocol and isomers decreased in stored brown rice.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.29-36
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• 2004

The efficient refinement of seed is required to reduce the cost and labor input in artificial propagation of wild plant. This study was carried out to develop methods for collecting and refining tiny seeds from wild plants. For obtaining Phragmites communis seeds, the inflorescence was cut into small fragments using a Straw Cutter and subsequently detached pappus hairs from seed coat by Hammer Mill. The primary refined seeds were passed 1.0 mm sieve. The screened seeds were subjected to Seed Blower with wind speed of 0.25 mㆍsec-1 to collected intact and well-ripen seeds. The seeds of Imperata cylindrica were refined as follows. Inflorescences were cut using a Straw Cutter first. The pappus was removed from cut fragments using a Hammer Mill and subsequently subjected to Seed Scarifier at 500rpm for 60 sec. for further separation. The separated seeds were passed 1.0 mm screen and collected after blowing with Seed Blower of wind speed of 0.15 mㆍsec-1. When the amount of seed was too little to refine with Seed Scarifier and Blower, the procedure was slightly modified from the procedure described above. The crude seed mixture obtained from Hammer Mill step was hand-refined roughly and then immersed into cone. (95%) sulfuric acid for 2 min. and collected floating portion after dilution of sulfuric acid solution 100 times with tap water. The collected seeds were dried and passed 0.149 mm sieve. During seed refining process using mechanical or sulfuric acid treatments, a small portion of damaged seed were evolved, however, the amount was not noticeable as compared to the total amount of collected seeds. Because the germination percentages between hand-refined seeds and seeds refined by above methods were not statistically different, the developed procedures for refining tiny seed of wild plants are helpful to reduce the cost and labor input in artificial propagation of two species.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.137-146
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• 2016

This experiment was designed to assess the physical and chemical properties of growing media substituted with a range of increasing concentrations of pretreated wood and to relate these properties to plant growth responses. For preparing the growing media, each material was combined with rural soil, peat, perlite and pretreated wood. Physicochemical properties studied were similar to ideal substrate ranges for plant growth on growing media, including pretreated wood. Physical properties were also well maintained over time. In comparison to plants growing in 100% rural soil, tall fescue(Festuca arundinacea) in the prepared growing media achieved better growth, especially when using the 50% rural soil + 50% PPW(peat + perlite + pretreated wood, 3:1:6(w/w/w)) and 30% rural soil + 70% PPW (peat + perlite + pretreated wood, 3:1:6(w/w/w)), and showed improved germination percentage. We confirmed the potential use of growing media, including pretreated wood. Furthermore, our results show a correlation among the physicochemical properties of tall fescue(Festuca arundinacea); physical properties were significantly influenced by germination and aerial parts. The root length of physicochemical properties was correlated with bulk density and organic compound (p<0.01).

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2022.10a
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• pp.79-79
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• 2022

Common Buckwheat is a crop with high nutritional value due to its high protein, magnesium, iron, and vitamin content, as well as excellent rutin and quercetin content. This study was conducted to investigate the main agricultural characteristics of common buckwheat genetic sources and use them as basic data for establishing cultivation technology and fostering new varieties. The seeds were planted in the research field of Chungbuk National University on 24th April, 2022 maintained at 15 × 20 cm planting spaces. To evaluate the genetic diversity and morphological traits of buckwheat, different kinds of qualitative and quantitative traits were investigated of the 50 varieties. The germination percentage of common buckwheat showed more than 85% that also showed the uniform germination. During the flowering period, all varieties bloomed within six days from June 18 to 23. The leaves color of common buckwheat were all dark green, and most of the stem colors were mixed with light green, light red, red, and crimson. The leaves of common buckwheat were mainly heart-shaped, and most of the flowers were white. The leaf length was 65.78 to 40.53 mm, and the width was 74.42 mm to 39.74 mm. The stem thickness was between 3.5 and 3.76 mm and the length was between 97.3 cm and 40.24 cm.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.505-510
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• 2001

To improve germinability of carrot seeds of 'Inari', 'Mansan', 'Mussang', and 'Hongsim' cultivars, various levels of solid matrix priming (SMP) and the physiological changes of seeds associated with SMP were examined. As the ratio of water in a seed-Micro Cel E-water mix and priming duration increased, seed germinability enhanced. However, there was radicle protrusion during SMP in some cultivars, indicating the existence of cultivar different variations of the optimum conditions. The optimum ratio for a seed-Micro Cel E-water mix was 5 : 3 : 10.5. In this mix, the optimum durations for the treatment were 3 days for 'Mansan' and 5 days for other cultivars. SMP at $20^{\circ}C$ to $25^{\circ}C$ resulted in a higher germination percentage and a shorter $T_{50}$. Seeds absorbed water quickly within an hour and the percentage of moisture was stable at 43 to 49 after 24 hours of the treatment. Conductivity of the mix declined for the first 6 hours to $100{\mu}S{\cdot}cm^{-1}$ with little changes thereafter. On the other hand, the pH of the mixed increased slightly during the early phase, and then returned to the initial level as the treatment proceeded.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.207-218
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• 2020

Ashwagandha is an important ancient medicinal crops, being affected with many diseases, among which leaf blight caused by Alternaria alternata has become the constraint resulting in huge yield losses. Continuous usage of chemical methods leads to environment, soil and water pollution. Whereas biological control of diseases is long lasting, inexpensive, eco-friendly and harmless to target organisms. In this context, it is aimed to evaluate five Trichoderma strains viz. Trichoderma virens IMI-392430, T. pseudokoningii IMI-392431, T. harzianum IMI-392432, T. harzianum IMI-392433 and T. harzianum IMI-392434 as bio-control efficacy against A. alternata and growth promoting effect in Ashwagandha. All the Trichoderma strains had varied antagonistic effects against the pathogen. In dual culture technique, the strain T. harzianum IMI-392433 showed maximum percentage inhibition of mycelial growth (54.89%) followed by T. harzianum IMI-392432 (53.83%), T. harzianum IMI-392434 (48.94%) and T. virens IMI-392430, (43.62%) against the pathogen, while the least inhibition percentage was observed with the T. pseudokoningii IMI-392431 (36.60%). The culture filtrate of the Trichoderma strain, T. harzianum IMI-392433 recorded highest inhibition on the mycelial growth (39.05%) and spore germination (80.77%) of pathogen and the lowest was recorded in T. pseudokoningii IMI-392431 (20.45 and 50%). Moreover, seeds treated with spore suspension of the strain T. harzianum IMI-392433 reduced the percentages of disease severity index significantly. The strain T. harzianum IMI-392433 also significantly increased seed germination %, seedling vigor and growth of Ashwagandha. The correlation matrix showed that root yield per plant of Ashwagandha had significant and positive correlation with plant height (r=0.726^⁎⁎), number of leaf (r=0.514^⁎⁎), number of primary branch (r=0.820^⁎⁎), number of secondary branch (r=0.829^⁎⁎), fresh plant weight (r=0.887^⁎⁎), plant dry weight (r=0.613^⁎⁎), root length (r=0.824^⁎⁎), root diameter (r=0.786^⁎⁎), root dry weight (r=0.739^⁎⁎) and fresh root weight (r=0.731^⁎⁎). The significant and negative correlation (r=-0.336^⁎⁎) was observed with the root yield and percentages of disease severity index. The study recognized that the T. harzianum IMI-392433 strain performed well in inhibiting the mycelial growth and reduced the percentages of disease severity index of pathogen as well as increased the plant growth in Ashwagandha.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.243-248
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• 1996

The yield and quality of black medick seeds(Medicago lupulina L.) produced from different fertilization and flowering position was investigated was investigated to develop the technology of seed vigor maintenance. Number of flowers and seeds, 100 seeds weight, yellow seed percentage, and large seed percentage were higher in seeds produced from stems than in those from branches. Increase of nitrogen resulted in a higher rate of yellow and large seeds as well as 160 seeds weight. Germination rate was the highest (56.9%) in the yellow seeds harvested from stems which were grown with a treatment of lower level of nitrogen and higher level of phosphorus. Malformed seedlings were frequently observed among the seedlings grown from seeds which were produced only with phosphorus.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.387-393
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• 2007

We examined the conditions for separating and preserving the male and female gametophytes of Kjellmaniella crassifolia. The highest percentage of zygote germination (85%) was on semi-solid medium composed of 1.0% transfer gel agar at $15\;^{\circ}C$ and $20\;{\mu}mol/m^2/s$ after a 4-week culture. Zygote germination in PESI liquid medium was 93.5% at $20\;^{\circ}C$ and $20\;{\mu}mol/m^2/s$. The maximum zygote growth was $252{\pm}19.7\;{\mu}m$ on 1.0% transfer gel agar at $15\;^{\circ}C$ and $40\;{\mu}mol/m^2/s$ after 5-week culture, and was $76.7{\pm}2.8\;{\mu}m$ in PESI liquid medium at $20\;^{\circ}C$ and $40\;{\mu}mol/m^2/s$. The respective numbers of separated male and female gametophytes from germinated zygotes were 157 and 93 on 1.0% transfer gel agar and 14 and 28 in PESI liquid medium. The maximum growth of separated male and female gametophytes was $575{\pm}28.3\;{\mu}m$ at $5\;^{\circ}C$ and $60\;{\mu}mol/m^2/s$ and $686{\pm}35.4\;{\mu}m$ at $20\;^{\circ}C$ and $20\;{\mu}mol/m^2/s$ in PESI liquid medium after 3 weeks, respectively. The highest percentage fertilized was $93.3{\pm}5.8%$ at $15\;^{\circ}C$ and $20\;{\mu}mol/m^2/s$ in PESI liquid medium. These results show that the best conditions for the separation and preservation of gametophytes (male and female) consisted of culturing on 1.0% transfer gel agar at $15\;^{\circ}C$ and $20\;{\mu}mol/m^2/s$.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.392-402
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• 1987

To know the effect of presowing seed soaking with some growth substances (kinetin, IAA, ethrel and salicylic acid) on vegetative growth and yield contributing parameters in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] the investigation was undertaken. The salient features from the study are;-All the treatments showed the enhancement effect on vegetative growth, viz. seediling emergence, germination percentage, plant height, number of leaves and branches per plant as compared with control, whereas salicylic acid delayed the seedling emergence process and lowered the germination percentage.-Nodule initiation, number of nodules and nodule weight were hastened and increased respectively under all the treatments whereas IAA showed an opposite effect on all the parameters at the early stages of nodule development.-Kinetin, IAA and ethrel showed the significant enhancement effect on the levels of biochemical parameters throughout the time of seed development whereas salicylic acid and water showed the tendency similar to that of control.-Yield and its components, viz. number of flowers, pods and seeds per plant were significant increased under all the treatments but they didn't show any significant enhancement effect on number of seeds per pod and pod setting rate. One hundred seed weight was lower under all the treatments, indicating the dilution effect resulting from incapability of increased number and size of source to provide the increased size of sink with assimilates.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.334-341
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• 2013

Studies were carried to evaluated the influence of storage method by temperatures and fillers on yield and quality of seed rhizome in turmeric. Seed rhizome was stored at styrofoam box filled with rice hull and sand (3:1) or vermiculite for 30, 60 and 90 days at different temperatures (5, 10 and $15^{\circ}C$. compared to traditional method (rhizome only). Parameters were obtained for weight loss, cold injury, percentage of decayed in stored rhizome during storage periods. Also, the germination, growth pattern and yield from stored rhizome has been investigated. It was confirmed that storage of turmeric in stored with filled with vermiculite helps in prevention of rhizomes from microbial and fungal attack. The storage of rhizomes in styrofoam box without any filler at low temperature below $10^{\circ}C$. is not advocated due to heavy losses weight and decayed in management of postharvest for turmeric rhizome. Germination percentage, growth pattern and yield was maximum for rhizomes stored at styrofoam box filled with vermiculite for 90 days at $15^{\circ}C$. The paper outlines a brief attempt to assess the efficacy of non-chemical methods including optimal storage method (temperature and filler) of control of decay and moisture losses during storage of turmeric.