• Journal of the Korean Society for Geothermal and Hydrothermal Energy
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.21-28
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• 2018

This paper presents two-step simulations to calculate the influence of blast-induced pressures on explosion-protection valves installed at the boundary between a protection facility and a tunnel entering the facility. The first step is to calculate the respective overpressure on the entrance and exit of the tunnel when an explosion occurs near the tunnel entrance and exit to approach the protection facility. Secondly, the blast pressures on the explosion-protection valves mounted to walls located near the tunnel inside approaching the protection facility are analyzed with a 0.1 ms time variation using the results obtained from the first-step calculations. The following conclusions could be derived as a results: (1) The analysis of the entrance tunnel scenario, P1, leads to the maximum overpressure of 47 kPa, approximately a half of the ambient pressure, at the inner entrance due to the effect of blast barrier. For the scenario, P2, the case not blocked by the barrier, the maximum overpressure is 628 kPa, which is relatively high, namely, 5.2 times the ambient pressure. (2) It is observed that the pressure for the entrance tunnel is effectively mitigated because the initial blast pressures are partially offset from each other according to the geometry of the entrance and a portion of the pressures is discharged to the outside.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.58 no.1
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• pp.59-91
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• 2016

Laminated composite shells are commonly used in various engineering applications including aerospace and marine structures. In this paper, using semi-analytical finite strip method, the buckling behavior of laminated composite deep as well as thick shells of revolution under follower forces which remain normal to the shell is investigated. The stiffness caused by pressure is calculated for the follower forces subjected to external fibers in thick shells. The shell is divided into several closed strips with alignment of their nodal lines in the circumferential direction. The governing equations are derived based on first-order shear deformation theory which accounts for through thickness-shear flexibility. Displacements and rotations in the middle surface of shell are approximated by combining polynomial functions in the meridional direction as well as truncated Fourier series with an appropriate number of harmonic terms in the circumferential direction. The load stiffness matrix which accounts for variation of loads direction will be derived for each strip of the shell. Assembling of these matrices results in global load stiffness matrix which may be un-symmetric. Upon forming linear elastic stiffness matrix called constitutive stiffness matrix, geometric stiffness matrix and load stiffness matrix, the required elements for the second step analysis which is an eigenvalue problem are provided. In this study, different parameter effects are investigated including shell geometry, material properties, and different boundary conditions. Afterwards, the outcomes are compared with other researches. By considering the results of this article, it can be concluded that the deformation-dependent pressure assumption can entail to decrease the calculated buckling load in shells. This characteristic is studied for different examples.

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.65-69
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• 2008

This work shows that the grinding-induced scratches formed on the back surface of silicon chips can highly influence the flexural strength of the chips. Meanwhile, in a case that excellent adhesion between the back surface and the plastic package body maintains, the flexural strength of plastic-encapsulated packages is not so sensitive to the geometry of the scratch marks. This article explains why such different flexural fracture behavior between bare chips and plastic-encapsulated chips appears.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.303-311
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• 2017

The correlation analysis between the results obtained from DFN flow model and equivalent continuum flow model were conducted on total of 72 DFN blocks having various fracture geometry and domain size. A strong linear relation seems to exist between the two approaches under condition that normalized relative error for continuum behavior (ER) is less than 0.2, and the results from both methods are found to almost identical. To explore the field applicability of equivalent continuum flow model in DFN media, a total of 48 numerical schemes related to inflow of underground circular openings were implemented under various DFN configurations. The equivalent continuum flow model in DFN media with a constant hydraulic aperture was evaluated as valid. However, as the anisotropy increases due to variation of the hydraulic aperture, the results are likely to be overestimated compare to the DFN flow model.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.100-108
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• 2017

As a measure of the combined effect of fracture geometry, the fabric tensor parameters could quantify the status of the connected fluid flow paths in discrete fracture network (DFN). The correlation analysis between fabric tensor parameters and hydraulic properties of the 2-D DFN was performed in this study. It is found that there exists a strong nonlinear relationship between the directional conductivity and the fabric tensor component estimated in the direction normal to the direction of hydraulic conductivity. The circular radial plots without significant variation of the first invariant ($F_0$) of fabric tensor for different sized 2-D DFN block are a necessary condition for treating representative element volume (REV) of a fractured rock mass. The relative error (ER) between the numerically calculated directional hydraulic conductivity and the theoretical directional hydraulic conductivity decreases with the increase in $F_0$. A strong functional relation seems to exist between the $F_0$ and the average block hydraulic conductivity.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.46-53
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• 2008

In general, the cassegrain dual offset reflector is used for the satellite communication antenna, but is analyzed as the reflector system for the CPTR(Compact Payload Test Range) facility in here. The near-field at the test zone of the CPTR is obtained by using the physical optics approximation. The CPTR has to provide a uniform plane wave with the minimum amplitude and phase ripple and the low cross polarization. Therefore, in this paper, the near-field pattern are calculated, and the ripple and taper of the field and the cross polarization are investigated with the variation of the reflector geometry and the position of the test region. Especially, the cross polarization of the antenna axis direction which is not found in the satellite reflector antennas is investigated.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.313-321
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• 2007

The study discussed in this paper presents a method of estimating sources of geometric errors in suspension bridges in use, based on geometric survey data. A geometric error is defined as the difference between the survey data and the design geometry of a main cable. It is assumed that the geometric error in a suspension bridge is caused by the variations in the weight of the stiffening girder and the deformation of the anchorage foundations due to the creep of soil. The variations in the girder weight and the deformation of the foundation were estimated by constructing a matrix of factors that affect suspension bridges due to the variations. To check the validity of the proposed method, it was applied to the Kwang-An Bridge, and the sources of geometric errors in the bridge were estimated using the survey data.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.529-536
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• 2002

The performance of stilting engine, in particular, its energy conversion efficiencies are critically influenced by the regenerator characteristics. The regenerator characteristics are influenced by effectiveness, void fraction. heat transfer loss and fluid friction loss in the regenerator matrix. These factors were influenced by the surface geometry and material properties of the regenerator matrix. The regenerator design goals arc good heat transfer and low pressure drop of working Bas across the regenerator. Various data for designing a wire screen matrix have been given by Kays and London(1984). The mesh number of their experiment. however, was confined below the No. 60. which seems rather small for the Stirling engine applications. In this paper. in order to provide a basic data for the design of regenerator matrix, characteristics of heat transfer and flow friction loss were investigated by a packed mettled of matrix in oscillating flow as the same condition of operation in a Stirling engine. Seven kinds of sing1e wire screen meshes were used as the regenerator matrices. The results are summarized as follows; 1. While the working fluid flew slowly in the regenerator. the temperature difference was great at the both hot-blow(the working fluid flows from healer to cooler) and cold-blow(the working fluid flows from cooler to healer). On the other hand. while the working fluid flew fast. the temperature difference was not distinguished. 2. The No.150 wire screen used as the regenerator matrix showed excellent performance than tile others. 3. Phase angle variation and filling rate affected heat transfer or regenerator matrices. 4. Temperature difference between the inlet and outlet of the regenerator is very hish in degree of 120 phase angle.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.55-63
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• 1985

Studies based on field observation and laboratory analysis of the littoral sands of beaches in Jeju Island indicate that the shores exhibit a great variation in both the beach geometry and the composition in terms of geological agents. Most of the beaches around the Island are developed in relatively small patches and discontinuous, as the result of intervening sea cliffs and rocky headlands. The sand quality and the dimensions of the beaches in the Island are relatively poor; for example, these beaches are 220~2,780m in length, 41~313m in width, and $7^{\circ}$ steepness in average foreshore slope. According to the textural parameters analysis, the beach sediments in study portion shows medium grained ($average\;1.42{\phi}$), moderately well sorted ($average\;0.65{\phi}$) and negative skewed ($average\;0.34{\phi}$), which seems to reflecting a high energy marine depositional environment. The heavy and light minerals of te beach sediments are composed of quartz, volcanic fragments, Na-Ca feldspar, olivine, augite as major constituents, along with apatite, biotite and other minor components, which originates from the adjacent geology. The content of CaO-MgO in shell fragments of the littoral sands ranged from 4.69~51.96%, suggesting that the high CaO-MgO content in some of the Island's beaches is attributable to geologic environments conducive to the growth of shell organisms and sediments migration. The provenance of the sediments studied are derived predominantly from adjacent continental shelves and/or terrigenous older river portion, Which sediments were transported mostly by rolling or bottom suspension. The depositional environments of the Jeju beaches can be divided into two types: beaches distributed in the North and the Northeastern parts of the Island are dominated by marine enviroment, whereas beaches in the Southwestern portion are characterized by terrigenous agencies.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.151-156
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• 1985

In this paper, the plane stress fracture toughness of cold rolled 4.5mm thick SS41 steel plate was investigated for various crack ratios respectively in case of base metal, normalized and annealed heat-treated specimens using the method of J-integral. The specimen geometry used was double edge tension (DET) specimen. The experiments were performed on an Instron machine and all the crack lengths were measured by travelling microscope. The plane stress fracture toughness obtained by the method of Rice equation was J sub(1C)=22.8kgf/mm for the base metal, j sub(1C)-24.7kgf/mm for the normalized specimen and J sub(1C)=26.9 kgf/mm for the annealed. The J-integral computed at the limit load was found unsuitable for fracture toughness determination, because of large variation depending on the crack ratio.