• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.190-197
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to examine the characteristics of space design appearing in facade and interior composition factors of buildings in the colonial period in Indonesia. Research method is a field study, and subjects of the study is 14 buildings built in the colonial period located in Jakarta. The research result is as follows. First, Facade is divided into C type (colonial style), CT type (colonial style + traditional style), CA type (colonial style + art deco style), and CTA type (colonial style + traditional style + art deco style). Among them, CT type which shows both a colonial style and traditional style accounts for the most. As for Java traditional style mainly shows Joglo roof style and bratticing decoration on top of gates, and the colonial style presents both an Amsterdam canal housing style such as narrow Facade and unusual Gable, and a classical style such as pediment, entablature, and columns. Second, interior space is divided into C type (colonial style), CT type (colonial style + Indonesian traditional style), A type (art deco style), and CA type (colonial style + art deco style). Among them, CT type was also accounted for the most. Selected traditional style is a shape of bratticing decoration on top of gates and a shape of tenon of Joglo housing structure. Colonial style showed classical style such as exposed crossbeams, columns, and pilasters, and as for unique decoration, there are Ancona decoration and Delft tile decoration. On one hand, art deco style used typical art deco factors such as contrast of various materials and complementary color or golden color use as well as zigzag or vertical lines and geometric ornament by combining with colonial style or traditional style. It is expected that such research result will be a practical reference data when Korean construction companies or interior design companies advance Indonesia.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers P
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• v.66 no.4
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• pp.242-246
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• 2017

In this study, it was investigated about optical simulation in high brightness and high uniformity general lighting using glass light guide plate. And we adopt edge-light emission type light plate. Edge-light type lighting has been used LCD application, especially note PC or smart phone backlight unit. Because it had the good properties such as slim shape and light weight. We thought this type was suitable for general lighting application such as wall attached type or ceiling mount type. But many of edge-light type lighting had problems. It called slanted output light rays. That was main key parameter how could control the direction of output light rays. We investigated the solution of this problems, using ray tracing method, we recognized the major fact of the solution relied on the geometric structure of diffusing dot shape. We set the conditions of aspect ratio in diffusing dot shape such as 0.5 to 1. And, at first, we designed diffusing dots shape based on the results of optical simulation and made specimen. as above condition, and acquired good result in confirming dots shape such as the value of the output rays's peak angle was around 75 degrees. And good light distribution characteristics were measured by slated spectro-radiometer. It was shown that the effective ways of designing light distribution characteristics using optical simulation such as ray tracing linear method for making general lighting using glass light guide plate.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.106-116
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• 2017

In the 1900s, the cultural crossing of East and West was realized through the acceptance and reproduction of culture. Cultural change in the Orient was the result of attempts to harmonize the West's images, which they chose in their respective countries, with their own culture. However, research on design history until now has been centered on the West, and East was regarded as a beneficiary of civilization inherited from Western's. From the point of view of Western design history as a main trend, the unique characteristics of Korean design culture are not revealed. Therefore, through this studies, we want to distinguish Korea's modern design, which has been recognized as a minority. For the study, through the wallpaper, which is one of the detailed components of the interior space in modern times, we try to analyze the socio - cultural historical factors and design characteristics influencing the formation of the interior space in modern times. Summarizing a result of research. The early modern wallpaper of England mainly uses plants as motifs. But In Korea, animal patterns and letter patterns were used. The reason why European wallpaper was mainly a plant at the time was that the structure of the motif was useful for the process of creation. However, in the case of the Korean wallpaper pattern, the theme was selected according to the meaning of the motif, and it was abstracted appropriately for the 2D design. As a result, many geometric shapes were formed. In addition, European wallpaper pattern is more complex and organic than Korean wallpaper pattern. Therefore, the boundary of the central pattern as the basic unit is unclear and the patterns are connected. The pattern development method is not a simple repetition but a combination of symmetry and repetition. In Korea, on the other hand, the boundaries of unit patterns are clear and patterns are developed by simple repetition. There are many diamond-type repeating patterns in particular.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.148-155
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• 2008

The aim of the study is to interpret the distribution of occlusal force by 3-dimensional finite element analysis of ISP(Implant Supported Prosthesis) supported by minimum number of implant to restore the edentulous patients. For this study, the Astra Tech implant system is used. Geometric modeling for 6 and 4 fixture ISP group is performed with respect to the bone, implant and one piece superstructure, respectively. Implants are arbitrarily placed according to the anatomical limit of lower jaw and for the favorable distribution of occlusal force, which is applied at the end of cantilever extension of ISP with 30mm. Element type is tetrahedral for finite element model and the typical mechanical properties, Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio of each material, cortical, cancellous bone and implant material are utilized for the finite element analysis. From this study, we can see the distribution of equivalent stress equal to real situation and speculate the difference in the stress distribution in the whole model and at each implant fixture, From the analysis, the area of maximum stress is distributed on distal contact area between bone and fixture in the crestal bone. The maximum stress is 53MPa at the 0.2mm area from the bone-implant interface in the maximum side for 300N load condition for 4 fixture case, which is slightly less than the stress calculated from allowable strain. This stress has not been deduced to directly cause the loss of crestal bone around implant fixture, but the stress can be much reduced as the old peoples may have lower chewing force. Thus, clinical trial may be performed with this treatment protocol to use 4 fixtured ISP for old patients.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.859-865
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• 2007

This paper presents a method to analyze the unbalance response of a high speed polygon mirror scanner motor supported by sintered bearing and flexible supporting structures by using the finite element method and the mode superposition method. The appropriate finite element equations for polygon mirror are described by rotating annular sector element using Kirchhoff plate theory and von Karman non-linear strain, and its rigid body motion is also considered. The rotating components except for the polygon mirror are modeled by Timoshenko beam element including the gyroscopic effect. The flexible supporting structures are modeled by using a 4-node tetrahedron element and 4-node shell element with rotational degrees of freedom. Finite element equations of each component of the polygon mirror scanner motor and the flexible supporting structures are consistently derived by satisfying the geometric compatibility in the internal boundary between each component. The rigid link constraints are also imposed at the interface area between sleeve and sintered bearing to describe the physical motion at this interface. A global matrix equation obtained by assembling the finite element equations of each substructure is transformed to a state-space matrix-vector equation, and both damped natural frequencies and modal damping ratios are calculated by solving the associated eigenvalue problem by using the restarted Arnoldi iteration method. Unbalance responses in time and frequency domain are performed by superposing the eigenvalues and eigenvectors from the free vibration analysis. The validity of the proposed method is verified by comparing the simulated unbalance response with the experimental results. This research also shows that the flexibility of supporting structures plays an important role in determining the unbalance response of the polygon mirror scanner motor.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.26 no.10
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• pp.1746-1754
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• 2016

Recently, spherical beads entrapping quorum quenching (QQ) bacteria have been reported as effective moving QQ-media for biofouling control in MBRs for wastewater treatment owing to their combined effects of biological (i.e., quorum quenching) and physical washing. Taking into account both the mass transfer of signal molecules through the QQ-medium and collision efficiencies of the QQ-medium against the filtration membranes in a bioreactor, a cylindrical medium (QQ-cylinder) was developed as a new shape of moving QQ-medium. The QQ-cylinders were compared with previous QQ-beads in terms of the QQ activity and the physical washing effect under identical loading volumes of each medium in batch tests. It was found that the QQ activity of a QQ-medium was highly dependent on its specific surface area, regardless of the shape of the medium. In contrast, the physical washing effect of a QQ-medium was greatly affected by its geometric structure. The enhanced anti-biofouling property of the QQ-cylinders relative to QQ-beads was confirmed in a continuous laboratory-scale MBR with a flat-sheet membrane module.

• Archives of design research
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• v.20 no.1 s.69
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• pp.89-100
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• 2007

This research is accompanied with Tanaka's works in order to consider the result from the evaluation of his works through an impression analysis and his expression trendency. The nine posters are chosen for appraisal among a series of Kanseino Poster which Ikko Tanaka drew under the sponsorship of Sankei Newspaper. The reason why those posters are selected is that the structure is strong and simple comparatively. Tanaka Ikko's poster works can be generously explained with three factors through a factor analysis. Considering his works in all cluster analysis, in the first group, he makes a good use of traditional materials and his works have a powerful image. In the second group, a geometric figure is arranged simply and a modern image is strong. In the third group, the traditional materials express a modern image. As mentioned above, the mood of his works can be summarized as follows. $\ulcorner$His works have updated the Japanese image from traditional to modern$\lrcorner$.

• Wind and Structures
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.279-292
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• 2018

Inspired by the energy harvesting eel, a flexible flag behind a D-shape cylinder in a uniform viscous flow was simulated by using the immersed boundary method (IBM) along with low-speed wind tunnel experimentation. The flag in the wake of the cylinder was strongly influenced by the vortices shed from the upstream cylinder under the vortex-vortex and vortex-body interactions. Geometric and flow parameters were optimized for the flexible flag subjected to passive flapping. The influence of length and bending coefficient of the flexible flag, the diameters (D) of the cylinder and the streamwise spacing between the cylinder and the flag, on the energy generation was examined. Constructive and destructive vortex interaction modes, unidirectional and bidirectional bending and the different flapping frequency were found which explained the variations in the energy of the downstream flag. Voltage output and flapping behavior of the flag were also observed experimentally to find a more direct relationship between the bending of the flag and its power generation.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.86-91
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• 1988

Natural zeolite rock of which dominent clay minerals were mordenite and clinoptilolite was collected from Wolsung, Kyungpook province. It was pulverized and sieved into four fractions of $1{\sim}0.5,\;0,5{\sim}0.25,\;0.25{\sim}0.1,$ and<0.1mm. The specific surface areas of its four fractions were determined by $H_2O$ and EGME. The specific surface area of zeolite was slightly affected according to species of measuring material, but was scarcely affected by partical size, nor increased of pulverizing. The surface area of zeolite was calculated from geometric structure of mordenite and it was compared with the specific surface area calculated from maximum numbers of $H_2O$ which could be adsorbed on mordenite. On the basis of that result, the specific area measured from zeolite was estimated to be a part of surface area calculated from it. Accordingly, it was suggested that a new method should be developed for the determination of an exact surface area of zeolite.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.62 no.6
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• pp.749-758
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• 2017

In structural mechanics, traditional analyses methods usually employ matrix operations for obtaining displacement and internal forces of the structure under the external effects, such as distributed loads, earthquake or wind excitations, and temperature changing inter alia. These matrices are derived from the well-known principle of mechanics called minimum potential energy. According to this principle, a system can be in the equilibrium state only in case when the total potential energy of system is minimum. A close examination of the expression of the well-known equilibrium condition for linear problems, $P=K{\Delta}$, where P is the load vector, K is the stiffness matrix and ${\Delta}$ is the displacement vector, it is seen that, basically this principle searches the displacement set (or deformed shape) for a system that minimizes the total potential energy of it. Instead of using mathematical operations used in the conventional methods, with a different formulation, meta-heuristic algorithms can also be used for solving this minimization problem by defining total potential energy as objective function and displacements as design variables. Based on this idea the technique called Total Potential Optimization using Meta-heuristic Algorithms (TPO/MA) is proposed. The method has been successfully applied for linear and non-linear analyses of trusses and truss-like structures, and the results have shown that the approach is much more successful than conventional methods, especially for analyses of non-linear systems. In this study, the application of TPO/MA, with Harmony Search as the selected meta-heuristic algorithm, to cables net system is presented. The results have shown that the method is robust, powerful and accurate.