• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.56 no.1
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• pp.29-39
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• 2017

To compare the features of ground-dwelling invertebrates according agroecosystems, we selected paddy fields, dry fields, orchards in the Eastern region of Korea. The surveys were performed by using pit-fall traps twice per year from 2013 to 2015. Total 6,420 individuals of 172 species belonging to 13 orders, 58 families were investigated in the Eastern region, the species of Hymenoptera (38.26%), Orthoptera (16.28%) accounted large portion of the communities. In the geographical observation, invertebrates were caught was 2,983 individuals in Gyeongsangnam-do, the diversity index of Gyeongsangbuk-do community was higher than of the others and abundance and species richness of paddy field were higher than from dry field or orchard. To understand the relation between taxonomic groups and environmental factors, we carried out the canonical correspondence analysis and hierarchical clustering. As a result, Homoptera, Blattaria, Isoptera, and Coleoptera were positively related to soil pH, soil temperature, and moisture contents, and negatively related to the others. Invertebrate community also were patterned dependently by type of ecosystems. This results were shown that distribution of invertebrates is a few influenced the relationship of the space habituated invertebrates and environmental factors.

• Journal of Environmental Policy
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.103-123
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• 2015

To provide effective management policy of geo-heritages, concept of Korean geo-heritage has been organized based on geo-diversity, geo-conservation, geo-tourism, and earth-heritage. In addition, current status of geo-heritage in Korea has been grasped, and categorized. In case GPS (Global Positioning System) coordinates exist, spatial information was constructed as GIS (Geographic Information System). Geo-heritages were classified into a total of six categories of natural monument, scenic site, coastal sand-dune, natural cave, world nature heritage, and other types of geo-heritage. By mapping 991 geo-heritages scattered nationwide using geographical information, all statuses can now be readily identified and enable the analysis of the distribution tendencies and correlation with topography. This study was aimed at searching the political connection based on quantitatively organized and analyzed geo-heritages, which have not been mapped thus far. In addition, this study organized data that have existed only in literature, and presented example verification. Moreover, these can be used as guidelines for the future search, discovery, registration and management of geo-heritage. If additional geo-heritages are discovered in field studies or with satellite images, then more correlations may be identified and help facilitate the research on geo-heritages management plans.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.69 no.1
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• pp.103-123
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• 2017

This article examines the existing literature on the intersection of care and migration in Europe and the potential contributions of the Korean case. The paper reviews the three bodies of research: care, migration and their intersections. When defined as social reproductive labour, the concept of care not only captures individual/family level of experiences but it can also be an effective tool to analyse the diversity of the welfare state and the path of its evolution. Furthermore, in the context of globalisation and international migration, the concept of care can help overcome so-called 'the methodological nationalism' in the welfare state research. Accumulated evidence shows that only by applying a transnational perspective to the relationship between such social realities as class, gender and race, can we properly examine the dynamics of care distribution. Existing care-migration nexus research has found a widely observed trend of the 'migrantisation of care' in European welfare states; however, the actual modality of care-migration intersection varies reflecting historical and institutional contexts. This is why care-migration nexus research must go beyond the well-known welfare regime types. The Korean case can expand the geographical coverage and theoretical applicability of the intersection research by including a new welfare state regime type (productivist or developmental welfare states) and new patterns of migration (co-ethnic migration and marriage migration) which were rarely dealt with in this scholarship.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.129-138
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• 2019

'Private Garden', is a legal concept that encourages the opening of private gardens to the public. Twenty-five private gardens have registered with the Forest Service since the 2015 policy was enacted. Although it is a positive system in terms of spreading and encouraging garden culture, the exact nature, role, and designation requirements have not been fully discussed. The purpose of this study is to analyze the characteristics of 25 private gardens in Korea. The results of the study noted that the southern region occupied a large part of the geographical distribution of the private gardens, which is due to the natural and climatic conditions, the policies of the local governments, and the discretion of public officials. In addition, the gardens are almost all made up of modern gardens; there was only one house garden from the Joseon Dynasty. The owners of the gardens range from their 50s to 80s in age. The gardens were started because the owner believed it was a good endeavor, but many owners felt that it was difficult to manage the enlarged garden and eventually opened it through as a Private Garden in anticipation of receiving economic support. There are also owners who are willing to revitalize the area. In addition, profits are generated from facilities other than the gardens, and some operate related programs to promote the culture of gardening. For a sustainable Private Garden system, it is necessary to check the registration criteria and establish a clear role in the region. There is also a need for further measures for management and marketing. This study is meaningful as basic research on the Private Garden system that is not yet systematic.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.31 no.2B
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• pp.155-163
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• 2011

In this study, a soil moisture estimation model was developed using a decision tree model, an artificial neural networks (ANN) model, remotely sensed data, and ground network data of daily precipitation, soil moisture and surface temperature. Soil moisture data of the Yongdam dam basin (5 sites) were used for model validation. Satellite remote sensing data and geographical data and meteorological data were used in the classification and regression tree (CART) model for data classification and the ANNs model was applied for clustered data to estimate soil moisture. Soil moisture data of Jucheon, Bugui, Sangjeon, Ahncheon sites were used for training and the correlation coefficient between soil moisture estimates and observations was between 0.92 to 0.96, root mean square error was between 1.00 to 1.88%, and mean absolute error was between 0.75 to 1.45%. Cheoncheon2 site was used for validation. Test statistics showed that the correlation coefficient, the root mean square error, the mean absolute error were 0.91, 3.19%, and 2.72% respectively. Results demonstrated that the developed soil moisture model using CART and ANN was able to apply for the estimation of soil moisture distribution.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.554-574
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• 2018

Mt. Bonghwa reaches a height of 800 m (2,870 ft) and stands on the flank of Mt. Daeam-san, which has an elevation of 1,304 m (4,278 ft). It is important to survey the flora of Bonghwa-san in that it is a way to make out what kind of plant species exist in DMZ due to the geographical characteristics of Bonghwa-san adjacent to Korean DMZ. Therefore this study was conducted to elucidate the distribution of vascular plants and their value of Bonghwa-san. The vascular plants that were collected 10 times from May 2015 to April 2017 consisted of a total of 525 taxa; 93 families, 309genera, 458 species, 4 subspecies, 58 varieties and 5 forms. The observed rare plant species as designated by Korea Forest Service were 12 taxa including Echinosophora koreensis, Epimedium koreanum, Anemone koraiensis etc. Endemic species were 16 taxa containing Cirsium setidens, Heloniopsis koreana, Salvia chanryoenica etc. 31 taxa were recorded as naturalized plants and their naturalized rate and urban index were noted as 5.8% and 7.25%. Among the surveyed 525 taxa, edible, medicinal, pasturing, ornamental, timber, dye, fiber and industrial plants included 213 taxa, 172 taxa, 196 taxa, 50 taxa, 23 taxa, 10 taxa, 6 taxa and 3 taxa, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.106-117
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• 2013

Using scanning electron microscope (SEM), we examined the trichomes on leaf and petiole and the epicuticular waxes on leaf surfaces for a total of 27 taxa representing two subtribes, Fragariinae and Potentillinae, of tribe Potentilleae (Rosaceae) in Korea. Four types of trichomes on adaxial and abaxial surface of leaves and petioles were identified. Type I (conical hirtellous) is the most common trichome type found in the majority of taxa in Fragariinae and Potentillinae. Type II (verruculose conical hirtellous) can be found only in Potentilla cryptotaeniae of sect. Conostylae of Potentillinae. Potentilla chinensis complex (sect. Conostylae) and P. egedii (sect. Letostylae) have type III trichome (crispate villous), while type IV (floccose villous) can be found in two species in sect. Conostylae, P. nivea and P. discolor. Both woolly hairs and conical hirtellous exist together in types III and IV. The same type of trichomes in leaves and petioles can be found across different subtribes and sections. In addition, different types of trichomes can be found even in a single species. Among the taxa which have type I trichome, the majority of subtribe Fragariinae and P. centrigrana and P. dickinsii complex have well developed epicuticular waxes on the surface of leaves. Sharing epicuticular waxes among the taxa across different subtribes appears to be correlated with their similar geographical distribution and ecological conditions. However, molecular phylogenetic study implies that the existence of epicuticular waxes could be also due to phylogenetic signal.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.151-158
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• 2001

Genomic DNA from the blood of crucian carp(Carassius carassiu) from lake and aquaculture facility in Kunsan, Korea was extracted in order to identify genetic differences by polymerase chain reaction-randomly amplified polymorphic DNAs(PCR-RAPD). Out of 12 primers, 6 generated 266 highly reproducible RAPD markers, producing approximately 2.1 polymorphic bands per primer in crucian carp from lake. The degree of similarity varied from 0.18 to 0.76 as calculated by bandsharing analysis in crucian carp from lake. The RAPD outlines obtained with DNA of two different crucian carp populations from Kunsan were different(0.47 from lake and 0.70 from aquaculture facility, respectively). The electrophoretic analysis of polymerase chain reaction-randomly amplified polymorphic DNAs(PCR-RAPD) products showed high levels of similarity between different individuals in crucian carp from aquaculture facility. This result implies the genetic similarity due to raising in the same environmental condition or inbreeding within the crucian carp from aquaculture facility in Kunsan. In other words, crucian carp may have high levels of genome DNA diversity due to the introduction of the wild population from the other sites of Knsan even if it may be the geographical diverse distribution of this species. Generally, the RAPD polymorphism generated by these primers may be useful as a genetic marker for strain or population identification of important aquacultural fish species, crucian carp. However, in future, additional populations and sampling sites will be necessary to complement weak points.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.53-59
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• 2013

This study investigated mammal fauna in the sabbatical area of Mt. Unmun, Kyungsangbuk-do from December, 2007 to September, 2009. A total of 24 species belonging to 11 Families, 6 Orders, were identified in the survey area. Dominant species were as follows: Chinese water deer (Hydropotes inermis), Siberian chipmunk (Tamias sibiricus), Korean mole (Mogera wogura), and East Asian field mouse (Apodemus peninsulae). Especially, four Legal Protection Species specified as National Monument (NM) and Endangered Species (ES) found in this survey were as follows: Flying squirrel (Petromys volans; NM #328 and ES level II), Eurasian otter (Lutra lutra; NM #330 and ES level I), Leopard cat (Prionailurus bengalensis; ES level II) and Marten (Martes flavigula; ES level II). These results on the geographical distribution of various mammal species and Legal Protection Species indicate that this area is a valuable ecosystem for native mammal species. On the other hand, many feral cats were also found and specified as a management species. The results of this study show that further long-term investigation and management plan are needed to protect against harmful species and maintain the native ecosystem of Mt. Unmun.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.547-556
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• 2013

Recently, golf courses have increased over the years because golf became popular leisure sport. Various environmental problems have been then issued by a golf course during constructing and running them. A problem of pesticide, which is serious among various environmental problems, from golf course has harmful effect on surrounding area and makes human suffer from acute and chronic diseases. Pesticides are used for the cost-effective managing of golf course and the amount of pesticides also increases as the number of golf course increase. Since the assessment of pesticides on near-by surrounding has been focused on water and soil media, studies related to atmospheric dispersion have been hardly attempted. The method to assess an impact of pesticide nearby agricultural production by the atmospheric dispersion using AGDISP(AGricultural DISPersal) model was developed and applied to the actual planned golf course located in Hongcheon, Gangwon. For implementing AGDISP, parameters were investigated from the golf course's land use planning map, pesticide spray device, Hong-Cheon weather station and etc. First of all, a kind of pesticide, a form of spraying pesticide, geographical features, weather data, and distance(golf course to plantation) were investigated to understand how to work these parameters in AGDISP. Restricted data(slope angle, droplet size distribution and solar insolation) sensitivity analysis of these parameters to estimate effect of pesticide nearby a plantation and a high relative contribution data of analyzed data was selected for input data. Ethoprophos was chosen as the pesticide used in the golf course and the amounts of pesticide deposition per annual agricultural productions were predicted. The results show that maximum amount of pesticide deposition through atmospheric dispersion was predicted $2.32{\mu}/m^2$ at 96 m where the nearest organic plantation exists. The residues of pesticide were also estimated based on the annul production of the organic and the deposition amount of the pesticide. Consequently, buckwheat, wheat and millet were likely to exceed maximum residue limits for pesticides in foods(MRL) and sorghum, corn and peanut were likely to exceed MRL by organic farming as well.