• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.163-198
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• 2000

This study aim was to propose plant taxa as an alternative proposal for the purpose of solving many kinds of difficulties occurred in the floral item of environmental impact assessment (EIA) used to date. Plant taxa presented here for environmental assessment can probably be useful in understanding the excellence of natural environment to specific regional space as well as in determining the order of priority as to species preservation. These taxa, selected by the floristic analysis with distributional range, can be classified into five degrees: the fifth degree, characterized by the discontinuous and/or isolated distribution, includes 83 taxa, 76 genera, 41 families; the fourth degree, occurred in only one subprovince as southern and northern plants, includes 314 taxa, 217 genera, 78 families; the third degree, two subprovinces as southern and northern plants, includes 307 taxa, 223 genera, 93 families; the second degree, generally distributed more than 1,000 meter in altitude, a whole subprovince, includes 109 taxa, 92 genera, 43 families; the first degree, at least three subprovinces, includes 258 taxa, 207 genera, 91 families. The taxa mentioned here environmental assessment, therefore, summed up to 1,071 taxa, 559 genera, 142 families from the Korean flora. It is suggested that the taxa belonging to the fifth degree might structually have by far extinctive possibility in respond to environmental damage comparing with other degrees, simply because these have narrow distributional ranges. [Floristics, Korean flora, Geographical distribution, Natural environment, Environmental assessment, Plant taxa].

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.24-39
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• 2012

The palynological study of 31 taxa of Korean Artemisia L. was carried out to evaluate their taxonomic characteristics and to determine the relationships among the taxa. The size and shape of the pollen are not used as characteristics to classify the taxa of Korean Artemisia L., but the granule distribution ands pinule connection on the exine were useful for an interspecific classification and for reflecting the relationship between some taxa. It is considered that Artemisia pollen has evolved from a connected spinule and a nearly psilate surface into 1) a connected spinule and a granule surface, 2) a disconnected spinule and a granule surface, 3) a disconnected spinule and a dense granule surface. These pollen characteristics with external morphological characteristics, a geographical distribution and a somatic chromosome number are considered to be good characteristics for distinguishing the relationship of some taxa, such as the A. japonica group (A. hallaisanensis, A. angustissima, A. littoricola) and the A. sacrorum group (A. sacrorum var. sacrorum, A. sacrorum var. incana, A. sacrorum var. iwayomogi).

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.371-375
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• 2008

This study was conducted to evaluate geographical distribution patterns of natural habitats, soil properties, and plant species grown with native Boehmeria platanifolia in South Korea. The relative density and coverage of Boehmeria platanifolia were 7.0% and 25.6% respectively. Most Boehmeria platanifolia were growing below 200 m of altitude, and they were rarely found at the higher altitude. Over 80% of Boehmeria platanifolia's habitats were found at below $20^{\circ}$ and their habitats were concentrated at the west and the north face slope rather than the south face slope. Nearly 90% of Boehmeria platanifolia were grown at little and middle light condition's area, and 69.1% of them were natively growing in humid soil in their natural habitats. Soil texture of their habitats were mostly clay loam and the soil pH was 6.2. The contents of soil organic matter was $24\;g\;kg^{?1}$ and $P_2O_5$ was $31\;mg\;kg^{?1}$. Plant species grown with native Boehmeria platanifolia were 60 family, 125 genus and 171 species. Clematis apiifolia showed the highest relative density and coverage among plant species grown with native Boehmeria platanifolia.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.403-415
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• 1974

The author has investigated epidemiological features of human cases of epidemic encephalitis (E. E.) in the Republic of Korea and the status of antibody requisition in pre-and post-epidemic time. And virological and serological studies with regarding the relationship of E. E. infection between human and piglet, and field survey against its vector by means of virus isolation from mosquitoes were carried out. Finally, vaccine field trial against human population has also been evaluated in order to confirm its effectiveness. The results of the studies are summarized as follows : 1. The annual incidence of reported cases during the past 25 years (1949-1973) in the Republic of Korea has shown two patterns, one was typical cyclic incidence and the other one was irregular. Annual average morbidity and mortality rate per 100,000 population were 5.7 and 2.1 and fatality rate was 34.6% in typical cyclic years. 2. With regard to the geographical distribution of E. E., the province of Jeolla-Bug-Do illustrated the highest incidence regardless of the epidemic size. 3. The main epidemic period was between mid-August and mid-September (above 90% of the total number of cases). The first case was reported in middle of July and the epidemic ceased in late of October. 4. An analysis of the age distribution of cases of E. E., has shown that above 90% of the total cases occurred in the age groups under 14 years and it was noted that about its 54% were occurred in the age groups between 5-9 years group. 5. Through the Haemagglutination Inhibition (H-I) test for the laboratory diagnosis of E. E., it was found that higher H-I antibody titer was usually detected in the convalescent phase, 15 days after onset. 6. The H-I antibody survey against 563 healthy population by age groups during the pre-epidemic season showed that 422(75%) were less than H-I titer, 1:20 and 122(21.7%) were positive H-I titer, 1:20. Among the 94 American in Seoul who had not been in E. E. endemic area previously only one person had appeared sero-conversion as a H-I titer of 1:80 after post-epidemic season. 7. The E. E. virus could be isolated from the mosquitos pools-C, tritaeniorhyncus which were caught between late July and middle August. 8. E.E. Virus was also isolated from piglet blood on early August and H-I antibody conversion was occurred mostly on middle of August. 9. H-I antibody sero-conversion rate reached to high level when vaccine purified by mouse brain tissue inoculated, showing 98.9%. Higher antibody titer was acquired when booster inoculation was performed, Four fold rise of H-I add N-T antibodies was confirmed with 93.2% and 82.1% respectively.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.35-41
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• 2009

Astilbe (Saxifragaceae) is a genus well known for its disjunctive distribution in Asia and eastern North America. In this study, we reconstructed a molecular phylogeny of the genus using the sequences of ITS regions of nuclear ribosomal DNA. A total of 17 species representing major lineage of Astilbe and closely related taxa were included in the phylogenetic analyses. We obtained a Bayesian phylogenetic tree in which Saxifragopsis was positioned as a sister group to Astilbe. The Japanese endemic species, A.platyphylla was the most basal lineage within the genus. This species is well known for its distinct morphological features such as unisexual flowers, apetaly, and calyx with 7-11 lobes. Two species, A. biternata, a New World representative of the genus, and A. rivularis widely distributed in S. Asia, branched off early in the evolution of Astilbe. The remaining species formed a strongly supported core clade, which diverged into two robust geographical lineages: the first ("Japonica" clade) of species distributed in Japan, Taiwan, and Philippines and the other ("Rubra" clade), of taxa in China and Korea. The ITS phylogeny indicates that the Bering land bridges were the major route for the origin and dispersal of A. biternata. The two Taiwanese taxa and A. philippinensis were found to derive from the Japanese member, as the genus advanced southwards. The ITS phylogeny suggests that apetaly originated independently at least two times within the genus. Our results do not support Engler's classification system of the genus based on the leaf type (simple vs. compound), but reaffirm Hara's taxonomic idea which primarily considered the features of calyx.

• Journal of Korea Spatial Information System Society
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.63-79
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• 2008

With the recent development of advanced GIS and complex spatial analysis technologies, the more sophisticated technologies are being required to support the advanced knowledge for solving geographical or spatial problems in various decision support systems. In addition, necessity for research on scientific crime investigation and forensic science is increasing particularly at law enforcement agencies and investigation institutions for efficient investigation and the prevention of crimes. There are active researches on geographic profiling to predict the base location such as criminals' residence by analyzing the spatial patterns of serial crimes. However, as previous researches on geographic profiling use simply statistical methods for spatial pattern analysis and do not apply a variety of spatial and temporal analysis technologies on serial crimes, they have the low prediction accuracy. Therefore, this paper identifies the typology the spatio-temporal patterns of serial crimes according to spatial distribution of crime sites and temporal distribution on occurrence of crimes and proposes STA-BLP(Spatio-Temporal Analysis based Base Location Prediction) algorithm which predicts the base location of serial crimes more accurately based on the patterns. STA-BLP improves the prediction accuracy by considering of the anisotropic pattern of serial crimes committed by criminals who prefer specific directions on a crime trip and the learning effect of criminals through repeated movement along the same route. In addition, it can predict base location more accurately in the serial crimes from multiple bases with the local prediction for some crime sites included in a cluster and the global prediction for all crime sites. Through a variety of experiments, we proved the superiority of the STA-BLP by comparing it with previous algorithms in terms of prediction accuracy.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• no.spc1
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• pp.1-52
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• 1986

The known Korean sertularian hydroid fauna consists of 41 species(including Sertularella areyi reported by Rho, 1974) of 10 genera in two subfamilies. Of which 20 species have been previously known and the following 21 species are newly recorded in Korean waters (Dynamena cornicina, Sertularella distans. Sertularella tongensis, Sertularella obtusa, Sertularella tenella, Sertularella pedrensis, Sertularella gayi, Abietinaria traski, Sertularia desmoides, Sertularia turbinata, Thuiaria suensoni, Thuiaria plumosa. Thuiaria thuia, Thuiaria nuttingi, Thuiaria similis, Thuiaria articulata, Thuiaria carica, Selaginopsis triserialis, Selaginopsis cornigera, Selaginopsis trilateralis and Selagiopsis pinnata). They were sampled from the depths below 100m. Of 41 species Sertularellla miurensis is the most common species and 10 species, Dynamena cornicina, Sertularella distans, Sertularella lagenoides, Sertularella areyi, Sertularella pedrensis, Sertularella gayi, Sertularia hattorii, Sertularia turbinata, Thuiaria plumosa and Thuiaria articulata are scarcesly founded in Korean waters. 25 out of 41 species are shared with Japan and the remaining 16 species so far have been unknown from Japan. The coastal waters of Korea are divided into three regions, the East Sea, the South Sea and the Yellow Sea, on the basis of the geographical distribution and the community coefficient. Concerning the distribution in each region, 11 species occur in the East Sea, 39 species in the South Sea and 23 species in the Yellow Sea The community coefficient between the South Sea and Yellow Sea(0.733) is higher than those of the South Sea-the East Sea (0.476) and the East Sea-the Yellow Sea(0.438).

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.419-428
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• 2013

We identified the diversity, geographical distribution, ecological characteristics of birds, trees, and flowers species designated as local government symbols as a means for understanding public awareness on biodiversity. A total of 114 species including 48 birds, 40 flowers, 36 tree species belonging to 40 orders 59 families 90 genus were designated as natural symbols. Pica pica (L.) in birds, Rhododendron schlippenbachii Maxim. among flowers, have also been designated as symbols. The tree Ginkgo biloba L. was designated with the highest frequency. Local governments located coastal area were selected bird species of the Laridae family and the tree species Camellia japonica L., of Pinaceae as their natural symbols. In contrast, local governments located inland have designated resident bird species such as P. pica and Columba rupestris (Pallas) and flower species from the Ericaceae as natural symbols widely distributed and easily observed throughout South Korea. However, many local governments have designated the same species as a natural symbol based on their size color and public appeal and popularity. The information about the popular species and their ecological traits are useful for establishing the criteria as flagship or iconic species selection and their roles in habitat conservation.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.49-56
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• 2010

Euryale ferox is only annual hydrophyte among endangered plants in Korea and its seed is high valuable medicinal material. This studies were carried to find out key factors that made E. ferox endanger in Korea and to apply the results for effective management of the natural wetlands inhabited by E. ferox. We investigated the distributed sites reported by previous studies and classified the distribution-affected factors into three categories, eutrophication(hypothesis 1), soil accumulation(hypothesis 2) and increasing of water level(hypothesis 3) in the habitat. These three hypotheses were tested in the field and explained the results with the morphological characteristics of seed germination stages of E. ferox. The geographical distribution ranges of E. ferox diminished at a rate of $1^{\circ}$ latitude with about 10 natural wetlands for last 30 years. Water eutrophication in the wetland had a positive effect on the establishment of E. ferox. But higher in soil accumulation and water depth, then lower in the establishment rate of E. ferox. These results indicate that water depth in the wetland must be below 50cm during the germination season, especially in May and emergent hydrophytes filter zone is need to protect soil accumulation from soil erosion within its watershed for the effective management of wetland with E. ferox.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.157-168
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• 2017

Backswamp is the section of a floodplain where deposits of fine silts and clays settle after a flood. In general, the wetland is composed of diverse ecosystems, and is characterized by ecotone. The purpose of this study was to analyze vegetation naturalness and to assess vegetation value by syntaxonomy and synecology of Useupje backswamp at Yeongsan river. As a result, the vegetation was divided into four physyiognomy types and 14 vegetation units depending on the species composition and habitats. The vegetation units confirmed in the study were as follow: Spirodela polyrhiza community as floating plant; Trapa bispinosa var. inuma community and Trapa bispinosa var. inumai-Nelumbo nucifera community as floating-leaved plant; Paspalum distichum community, Persicaria thunbergii community and Phalaridetum arundinaceae as lentic vegetation in the eulittoral zone; Scirpo fluviarilis-Zizanietum latifoliae and Typha angustata community in the emerged zone; Scirpetum tabernaemontani and Phragmitetum australis in the littoral zone; Carex dimorpholepis-Salix subfragilis community ecotone region of upland. According to the study, the vegetation distribution was highly affected by water level and artificial interference. Moreover, the development of vegetation units showed a significant relationship between species composition and habitats. Although vegetation value of Useupje resulted by vegetation naturalness was identified as the grade [III], the ecological value is expected to upward evaluation because of unique vegetation and geographical location.