• Proceedings of the Korean Association of Geographic Inforamtion Studies Conference
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• 2010.06a
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• pp.94-102
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• 2010

These days the land category is the most specific basis of legal for land use or land use form that is determined by the main use of land. Even if same land building site, it is used very various like a detached house, a row house, a multiplex house, a villa, an apartment, a mixed-use Apartments, commercial building, fallow land etc. There is a need of variety analysis in order to apply greenhouse gas emission or statistics assessment for standard of classification. Therefore, This study measured carbon dioxide by for different government agencies of maps by land use time, season, elevation, space, area of floating population. As a result, The emission characteristic was high l.78 times, on average of l.35 times in winter compared with summer, when the temperatures increased 11C, the carbon dioxide is 22ppm high in the afternoon, A commercial building is high 4.04 times compare with detached house.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.301-309
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• 2015

Objectives: To investigate trends in the prevalence of allergic disease over a 9-year period. Methods: Using National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) data, the annual number of patients with allergic disease was obtained for each regional subdivisions (small cities, counties, and districts) from 2003 to 2011. Annual populations for each sub-region were obtained and used to calculate the standardized prevalence. To compare prevalence within the study period, data was standardized spatially and temporally. For standardization, demographic data was used to obtain the registered population and demographic structure for 2010, which was used to perform direct standardization of previous years. In addition, a geographic information system (GIS) was used to visualize prevalence for individual sub-regions, and allergic diseases were categorized into five groups according to prevalence. Results: The nationwide outpatient prevalence of allergic rhinitis increased approximately 2.3-fold, from 1.27% in 2003 to 2.97% in 2013, while inpatient prevalence also increased approximately 2.4-fold,. The outpatient prevalence of asthma increased 1.2-fold, and inpatient prevalence increased 1.3-fold. The outpatient prevalence of atopic dermatitis decreased approximately 12%, and inpatient prevalence decreased 5%. Conclusions: There was a large difference between prevalence estimated from actual treatment data and prevalence based on patients' self-reported data, particularly for allergic rhinitis. Prevalence must continually be calculated and trends should be analyzed for the efficient management of allergic diseases. To this end, prevalence studies using NHIS claims data may be useful.

• 한국해양학회지
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.339-346
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• 1993

Due to the natural increase of human population and the concentration of industrial complexes to coastal area, the uses of nearshore area were increased drastically, and the tendency will not stop for a while. Therefore, the loss of human life and property damages of the present days for a disaster of the same magnitude should be heavy as compared to those of the past. For the better utilization of the sea and the prevention of the frequent marine natural and man-made disaster, and for the preparedness for the ocean pollutions, through ocean researches are required. the circulation, tidal currents, storm surges, sea surface wind, waves and sea fogs of the Yellow Sea should be investigated first from the oceanographic point of view, and then the dispersion and diffusion of spilled oil and pollutants, beach erosion, red tide, and longterm sea level oscillations can be studied. International cooperation is crucial for the investigation of the sea because of the temporal and geographic scales of the oceanic phenomina.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.453-457
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• 2009

This study was conducted to investigate insect fauna in the four insect garden sites of Suwon, Yeongyang, Buyeo and Yecheon from 2005 to 2007. Seasonal population size of insects was largest from June to August in all the four sites. In the four sites, Coleopteran insects were dominant followed by Hemiptera and Orthoptera. Unique education/learning programs are successfully run at the insect gardens based on the three geographic types (i.e. urban, mountainous and rural). These activities will help preserve insect biodiversity in the area and visitors better understand life forms such as insects found in the areas.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.2257-2262
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• 2014

A series of studies have explored the role of cytosolic serine hydroxymethyltransferase (SHMT1) C1420T polymorphism in cancer risk, but their results were conflicting rather than conclusive. To derive a more precise estimation of the association between C1420T and cancer risk, the present meta-analysis of 28 available studies with 15,121 cases and 18,023 controls was conducted. The results revealed that there was no significant association between the polymorphism and cancer risk overall. In stratified analysis by cancer type (breast cancer, gastrointestinal cancer, leukemia, lymphoma, and others), the results showed that 1420T allele was associated with decreased risk in leukemia (CT vs. CC: OR= 0.825, 95% CI =0.704-0.966; and CT+TT vs. CC: OR= 0.838, 95% CI = 0.722-0.973), but the same results were not present for other cancer types. When subgroup analysis was performed by source of control (population-based [PB] and hospital-based [HB]), a borderline inverse association was observed for the HB subgroup (CT vs. CC: OR= 0.917, 95% CI = 0.857-0.982) but not for the PB subgroup. Stratifying by geographic area (America, Asia and Europe), significant inverse association was only found in Asia subgroup (CT vs. CC: OR= 0.674, 95% CI = 0.522-0.870). In summary, the findings suggest that SHMT1 C1420T polymorphism is not associated with overall cancer development, but might decrease cancer susceptibility of Asians as well as reduce leukemia risk. Large well-designed epidemiological studies will be necessary to validate the risk identified in the current meta-analysis.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.285-291
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• 2016

There has been an accelerating increase in water reuse due to growing world population, rapid urbanization, and increasing scarcity of water resources. However, it is well recognized that water reuse practice is associated with many human health and ecological risks due to numerous chemicals and pathogenic microorganisms. Especially, the potential transmission of infectious disease by hundreds of pathogenic viruses in wastewater is one of the most serious human health risks associated with water reuse. In this study, we determined the response of different bacteriophages representing various bacteriophage groups to chlorination in real wastewater in order to identify a more reliable bacteriophage indicator system for chlorination in wastewater. Different bacteriophages were spiked into secondary effluents from wastewater plants from three different geographic areas, and then subjected to various doses of free chlorine and contact time at $5^{\circ}C$ in a bench-scale batch disinfection system. The inactivation of ${\phi}X174$ was relatively rapid and reached ~4 log10 with a CT value of 5 mg/L*min. On the other hand, the inactivation of bacteriophage PRD1 and MS2 were much slower than the one for ${\phi}X174$ and only ~1 log10 inactivation was achieved by a CT value of 10 mg/L*min. Overall, the results of this study suggest that bacteriophage both MS2 and PRD1 could be a reliable indicator for human pathogenic viruses for chlorination in wastewater treatment processes and water reuse practice.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.49-54
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• 2013

To investigate the transmission pattern of geographical area and temporal trends of the 2010~2011 foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) outbreaks in Korea, and to explore temporal intervals at which spatial clustering of FMD cases space-time analysis based on georeferenced database of 3,575 burial sites, from 30 November 2010 to 23 February 2011, was performed. The cases represent approximately 98.1% of all infected farms (n = 3,644) during the same period. Descriptive maps of spatial patterns of the outbreaks were generated by ArcGIS. Spatial Scan Statistics, using SaTScan software, was applied to investigate geographical clusters of FMD cases across the country. Overall, spatial heterogeneity was identified, and the transmission pattern was different by province. Cattle have more clusters in number but smaller in size, as compared to the swine population. In addition, spatiotemporal analysis and the comparison of clustering patterns between the first 7 days and days 8 to 14 of the outbreak revealed that the strongest spatial clustering was identified at the 7-day interval, although clustering over longer intervals (8~14 days) was also observed. We further discussed the importance of time period elapsed between FMD-suspected notice and the date of confirmation, and emphasized the necessity of region-specific and species-specific control measures.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.571-584
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• 2005

The population concentration in the Capital region of Korea has become an important issue for the pursuit of the balanced regional human capital development. Considering migration both as a geographic and a social movement, migration to the capital region could be examined in the push factors and the selective migrant characteristics from the out-migration region. Their relative importance reveals that age and education level are important in almost all years, but the importance of the percentage of manufacturing sector and rural/urban region moves to the years of education, the percentage of unskilled occupation and manufacturing sector and unemployment ratio recently. Since the brain drain has been occurring under the highly unbalanced regional development in Korea, the results suggest that regional human capital investment should be accompanied with enlarging quality employment opportunities to reap the benefits.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.211-228
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to analyze the sales area of gas stations to see the quality and the efficiencies of spatial distribution structure for petroleum products in Tae-jeon City. Location pattern of gas station is classified by factors of competitive facilities, transportation, population and landuse in Tae-jeon City. As a result, High profit pattern and low profit pattern is classified. The characteristics of the distribution pattern of gas station are that the while densely populated has a small sales area, the thinly populated region has huge ones. Location-allocation model is used in order to minimize the travel distance from consumer location to gas station and balance the spatial distribution of gas station in case studies. The result reveals that the model-based locations of gas stations are more dispersed and balanced in the whole Tae-jeon City compared with the actual location of gas stations. This study shows the characteristics and spatial distribution patterns of sales area and location in petroleum products distribution facilities.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.129-137
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• 1992

This article describes several clinical usefullness of the telephone in psychotherapy with adolescents through case analysis by Tolchin, and discussed various management problems and some practical guidelines for therapists planning to utilize telephone psychotherapy with adolescents through literature analysis. In general, most adolescent patients in regular treatment benefit from knowing that the therapist can be reached by phone and that their call will be returned that same day. The therapist's telephone availability helps the young patient to develope a positive working alliance. Telephone psychotherapy had it's first widespread application in crisis intervention and suicide prevention. It's current uses also include enhancement of self-control in cases of self-destructive adolescents, and management of anxious, depressive, or anorexic adolescents. In addition, such widely divergent modalities of treatment as follow up of patients discharged from a psychiatric hospital, alcoholic rehabilitation programs, drug hotlines, sex counselling group therapy for visually impaired elderly, control of separation anxiety in girls, resolution of fear on the mental disorders, and helpful modality to continue psychotherapy without geographic barrier during longer periods of separation with therapist are currently available via telephone. But telephone psychotherapy is generally not suitable for more self-defensive and introverted cases, more dependent chronic callers, silent cases, test callers. the cases of telephone scatologias, the cases of intellectualized discussion, of more dependent cases calling phone in order to get attention from therapist. Telephone psychotherapy for adolescents serves as an important and useful method in the therapeutic armamentarium for this most challenging and rewarding population.