• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.29-36
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• 2004

In an effort to optimize tissue culture responses of zoysiagrass(Zoysia japonica Steud.) for genetic transformation, factors affecting callus induction and plant regeneration were investigated. MS medium containing 3 mg/L 2,4-D was optimal for embryogenic callus induction from mature seed. The plant regeneration frequency of 73.3% was observed when embryogenic calli induced in this medium were transferred to N6 medium supplemented with 0.1 mg/L 2,4-D and 5 mg/L BA. Among several basic media, MS and N6 medium were optimal for callus induction and plant regeneration, respectively. Regenerated plants were grown normally when shoots transplanted to the soil. A rapid and efficient plant regeneration system established in this study will be useful for molecular breeding of turfgrass through genetic transformation.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.551-559
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• 2004

Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) causes various clinical signs in human and animals, and has been indicated as a global enteropathogen with zoonotic importance. In this study, the feces of healthy pigs were collected from the slaughtered pigs of Daejon abattoir during the period from December 2001 to October 2002. Of 326 specimens, 13 STEC were confirmed by culture, PCR and colony hybridization. The isolates were further studied for toxin types, pathogenic factors, plasmid profiles, and antimicrobial resistance to characterize the genetic and toxigenic properties. In PCR, all of 13 isolates were evident to have shiga toxin gene (stx). Of 13 isolates stx1 gene was detected in 4 and stx2 gene in 9. The genes of eaeA, hlyA and rfbE were not present in any isolates. In colony hybridization using shiga toxin common primer (STXc), 2 to 9 per 100 colonies subcultured from 13 isolates showed the positive reaction. In the examination for plasmid profiles of the isolates, one to eleven plasmids with varying sizes of 1.0 Kb to 100 Kb were detected, and the 13 STEC could be classified into four groups by the plasmid patterns. The antimicrobial resistance patterns of the isolates were comparably corresponded with the plasmid profile patterns.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.125-136
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• 2019

Vitis vinifera is very susceptible to downy mildew (Plasmopara viticola). A number of authors have suggested different genetic populations of this fungus exist in Europe, each showing a different degree of virulence. Work performed to date indicates this diversity to be the result of different factors. In areas where gene flow is greater and recombination more frequent, the diversity of P. viticola appears to be wider. In vineyards isolated by geographic barriers, a race may become dominant and produce clonal epidemics driven by asexual reproduction. The aim of the present work was to identify the conditions that influence the genetic diversity of P. viticola populations in the vineyards of northwestern Spain, where the climatic conditions for the growth of this fungus are very good. Vineyards situated in a closed, narrow valley of the interior, in more open valleys, and on the coast were sampled and the populations of P. viticola detected were differentiated at the molecular level through the examination of microsatellite markers. The populations of P. viticola represented in primary and secondary infections were investigated in the same way. The concentration of airborne sporangia in the vegetative cycle was also examined, as was the virulence of the different P. viticola populations detected. The epidemiological characteristics of the fungus differed depending on the degree of isolation of the vineyard, the airborne spore concentration, and on whether the attack was primary or secondary. Strong isolation was associated with the appearance of dominant fungal races and, therefore, reduced populational diversity.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.431-440
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• 2022

Hanwoo cattle are a unique and historical breed in Korea that have been genetically improved and maintained by the national evaluation and selection system. The aim of this study was to provide information that can help improve the accuracy of the estimated breeding values in Hanwoo cattle by showing the difference between the imputation reference chip platforms of genomic data and the scaling factor of the genetic relationship matrix (GRM). In this study, nine sets of data were compared that consisted of 3 reference platforms each with 3 different scaling factors (-0.5, 0 and 0.5). The evaluation was performed using MTG2.0 with nine different GRMs for the same number of genotyped animals, pedigree, and phenotype data. A five multi-trait model was used for the evaluation in this study which is the same model used in the national evaluation system. Our results show that the Hanwoo custom v1 platform is the best option for all traits, providing a mean accuracy improvement by 0.1 - 0.3%. In the case of the scaling factor, regardless of the imputation chip platform, a setting of -1 resulted in a better accuracy increased by 0.5 to 1.6% compared to the other scaling factors. In conclusion, this study revealed that Hanwoo custom v1 used as the imputation reference chip platform and a scaling factor of -0.5 can improve the accuracy of the estimated breeding value in the Hanwoo population. This information could help to improve the current evaluation system.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.56 no.2
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• pp.212-220
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• 2023

Over the past 50 years, red sea bream Pagrus major has been selectively bred for more than 10 generations to improve its growth rate. However, the effect of genetic factors on growth under low- or non-fish meal diet is still unclear. Here, we analyzed 251 individuals randomly mating 21 females (dam) and 16 males (sire) to determine the difference in growth between non-fish meal (i.e., treatment group) and fish meal-based diet (i.e., control group), if any. The kinship coefficient between each group of individuals and their parents was estimated by the KING (Kinship-based Inference for GWASs) software package. The presumed parents of 74 individuals in the treatment group and 57 individuals in the control group could be effectively identified. Notably, one specific female was consistently related to high- rather than low-growth individuals in both groups. In addition, more than one parent in each group was related to either high- or low-growth individuals. Parents of both high-growth individuals in the treatment group and low-growth individuals in the control group were also identified. Although further study is required on various growth factors, this study suggests the possibility of selective breeding under non-fish meal diet.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.57 no.4
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• pp.448-458
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• 2024

The direction of eye movement in Pleuronectiformes is species-specific. In farmed flounder, deviations in eye direction can reduce marketability. Therefore, we explored the effects of genetic and environmental factors on the direction of eye movements in the starry flounder Platichthys stellatus to address this economic challenge. Four pairs of female and male starry flounder broodstock, with eyes positioned to the right or left, were used in a mating experiment. The experimental groups were established with breeding seawater temperatures set at 10, 14, and 18℃ for the water temperature experiment. Whole-body samples of juveniles were collected to analyze the expression of genes related to eye movement and direction. The mating experiment results showed no significant differences in abnormal eye movement. In the water temperature experiment, the rate of abnormal eye movement was significantly higher at 32.19±1.33% in the 18℃ group than in the 10 and 14℃ groups. Genetic analysis of eye movement related to water temperature revealed that the expression of eye migration genes was significantly higher at 10℃. Moreover, no significant differences were observed in mating experiments. In conclusion, water temperature and not mating affected the eye movement of starry flounder.

• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.33-46
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• 2008

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between the obesity rate in elementary school students in Daejeon and the relevant factors such as social-demographical factors, genetic factors, birth factors, diet factors and intelligence factors. Methods: For the research, 443 fourth grade students, 405 fifth grade students and 417 sixth grade students from six elementary schools in Daejeon Metropolitan City Participated in this study and classified into three groups: normal-weight group, mild obesity group, and moderate or severe obesity group. Results: The total obesity rate of the elementary school students in the school district of Daejeon Metropolitan City was 14.2%; the rate of mild obesity was 7.2%; the rate of moderate obesity was 5.5%; and the rate of severe obesity was 1.5%. The obesity rate of surveyed boys was 16.9%, and the obesity rate of girls was 11.1%. The significant factors for girls' obesity were fathers' EMI, mothers' EMI, living standards, constant demand of foods, preference for greasy foods, frequency of eating snacks, and daily walking hours. It was found that students' subjective mind and objective health index were related to obesity. In the case of obese students, they had more concern about their health and more stress from the dissatisfaction of their physical appearance than normal students. Conclusions: From the above evidences, it is apparent that the obesity of elementary school students has strong relations with eating habits rather than physical activities. It is to be hoped that obesity prevention programs such as effective meal guidance. parental guidance for watching TV, and intense physical activities will be included in the curriculums of health education for elementary school students.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.82-109
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• 2015

Objectives This research was proposed to present Clinical Practice Guideline (CPG) for Prevention of Sasangin disease pattern of Sasang Constitutional Medicine (SCM) and diseases closely related with Sasang constitution. Each CPG was developed by the national-wide experts committee consisting of SCM professors. Methods At first, we searched the literatures related to SCM such as "Dongeuisusebowon", Textbook of SCM and Clinical Guidebook of SCM. Also we searched the articles related to the studies about risk factors for Sasangin disease pattern of both at home and abroad. Finally, we selected leading risk factors of Sasangin disease pattern and developed CPG for prevention of Sasangin disease pattern of SCM. And then, we searched the literatures related SCM such as "Dongeuisusebowon" and the articles on the correlation between disease and Sasang constitution using case-control studies, observational studies or cross sectional studies of both at home and abroad. Next, we selected diseases closely related with Sasang constitution on the basis of articles including prevalence rate and odds ratio between disease and Sasang constitution and finally developed CPG for these diseases. Results and Conclusions We categorized risk factors of Sasang disease pattern into 2 types: non-modifiable and potentially modifiable. 3 items (age, sex and genetic factors) were classified as non-modifiable risk factors of Sasang disease pattern. 6 items (original symptom, stress, diet and nutrition, physical activity, alcohol and drug misuse) were classified as less well-documented or potentially modifiable risk factors of Sasangin disease pattern. We found out Sasang constitution is more likely to develop some diseases. It was proven that Sasang constitution increase the risk of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, stroke, nonalcoholic fatty liver and obstructive sleep apnea. And there is high probability of Sasang constitution being potential risk factor for obesity, hyperlipidemia, allergy and cancer. Also, we found out Taeeumin is independent risk factor for hypertension, diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, stroke, nonalcoholic fatty liver and obstructive sleep apnea. Therefore we recommend that Taeeumin need to prevent these disease by regular checkups and aggressive management.

• Journal of the Korean society of biological therapies in psychiatry
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.129-141
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• 2018

Suicide is a behavior that is intended to cause death by itself and requires medical treatment, resulting in suicidal attempt or completion. Suicide causes loss of life, damages the body, costs a lot of medical expenses, and causes families to fall into sorrow and suffering therefore this suicide is a huge loss to family and society. There have been attempts to reduce and prevent suicide by understanding the mechanism of suicide. The mechanism of suicide can be thought of as psychological mechanism and biological mechanism. In the past, if we considered the psychological and biological mechanisms separately, the development of neuroscience now connects and integrates these two. Psychological factors affect biological factors and biological temperaments also affect perception or thinking about the situation and increase psychological vulnerability. Distant factors in suicidal behavior-such as childhood adversity and family and genetic predisposition-increase the lifetime risk of suicide. They alter the response to stress and other processes through changes in gene expression and regulation of emotional and behavioral characteristics. Distant factors affect the biological system and consequently changes in these systems can increase the risk of suicide. In other words, the distal factor does not directly induce suicidal behavior but rather acts indirectly through developmental or mediating factors. These mediating factors are impulsive aggressive and anxious trait, and chronic use of substances. The mechanism of this disorder is the abnormality of the serotonin system and the abnormality of the lipid level. Proximal factors are associated with the onset of suicide events and include changes in the major neurotransmitter systems, inflammatory changes, and dysfunction of glial cells in the brain. A series of studies, including a variety of research methods and postmortem and in-vivo imaging studies, show the impairment of the serotonergic neurotransmitter system and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis stress response system for suicidal behavior. These disorders lead to suicidal behavior due to difficulty in cognitive control of mood, pessimism, reactive aggression, abnormality in problem solving abilities, excessive response to negative social signals, severe emotional distress, and cognitive dysregulation of suicidal ideation.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.211-216
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• 2008

This study was carried out to investigate inflammation-related gene expression altered in ovary and endometrium of Korean cattle with reproductive disorders using microarray. In the present study, nine inflammation-related differential1y expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in the cystic ovary and endometrium with endometritis. In the follicular cyst, eotaxin and alpha-2-HS-glycoprotein (AHSG) were up-regulated, whereas complement component 3 (C3) and oxidised low density lipoprotein (lectin-like) receptor 1 (OLR1) were down-regulated. Complement component 4A (C4A) was up-regulated in luteal cyst. In the endometritis, chemokine 1igand l and 2 (CXCL1 and CXCL2), protein C (inactivator of coagulation factors Va and VIIIa), and complement component C5 were up-regulated, whereas kininogen was down-regulated. Of these genes, we focused on eotaxin and kininogen, which were highly regulated in the follicular cyst and endometritis, respectively and on C3 commonly regulated in both reproductive disorders. The microarray data of eotaxin, kininogen, and C3 were validated by semi-quantitative PCR. Consistent with microarray data, eotaxin was up-regulated by 4-fold in the follicular cyst, while kininogen was down-regulated by 5-fold in the endometritis. C3 was down-regulated in the both follicular cyst and endometritis. Our results suggest that these inflammation-related genes could be useful markers for diagnosis of cystic ovary and endometritis of Korean cattle.