• Journal of Life Science
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.590-595
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• 2003

The objective of this study was to assess of genetic variation within and between pumpkin species including Cucurbita maxima, C. moschata, C. pepo and C. maxima${\times}$C. moschata using RAPD markers. The 16 primers showed the amplification of 136 scorable fragments ranging from about 100 bp to 2300 bp. A total of 94 DNA fragments were polymorphic with an average 5.9 polymorphic bands per primer. A species $(C. maxima\timesC. moschata)$ has the highest number of polymorphic loci. Based on obtained data, UPGMA cluster analysis was conducted. Twenty pumpkin cultivars were classified into three large categories and identified genetic distance of cluster ranging from 0.38 and 1.00. Clustering was in accordance with the division of Curcurbitaceae into four species, C. maxima, C. moschata, C. pepo and C. $C. maxima\timesC. moschata$. Therefore, RAPD method may be essential tool for enabling discrimination of pumpkin cultivars.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.122-129
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• 2007

During the last decade, genomic cohort study has been developed in many countries by linking health data and genetic data in stored samples. Genomic cohort study is expected to find key genetic components that contribute to common diseases, thereby promising great advance in genome medicine. While many countries endeavor to build biobank systems, biobank-based genome research has raised important ethical concerns including genetic privacy, confidentiality, discrimination, and informed consent. Informed consent for biobank poses an important question: whether true informed consent is possible in population-based genomic cohort research where the nature of future studies is unforeseeable when consent is obtained. Due to the sensitive character of genetic information, protecting privacy and keeping confidentiality become important topics. To minimize ethical problems and achieve scientific goals to its maximum degree, each country strives to build population-based genomic cohort research project, by organizing public consultation, trying public and expert consensus in research, and providing safeguards to protect privacy and confidentiality.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.205-210
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• 2001

Dried parts of the two species are difficult to distinguish morphologically, thus Codonopsis radix has been sold instead of Adenophorae radix in herbal medicine market. Therefore, this study was conducted to develop the genetic marker through the examination of the phylogenetic relationships between two Adenophora triphylla(Thunb.) A. DC. var. japonica Hara, two Adenophora radiatifolia Nakai, five Codonopsis lanceolata(Sieb. et Zucc)Trautv. using RAPD analysis. Fifty decarmer oligonucleotide primers were screened for the RAPD analysis, and four primers generated distinct RAPD markers specific to Adenophorae radix and Codonopsis radix. Based on the RAPD patterns, the genetic relationships between three herbal medicine were analyzed by UPGMA method. As a result, Adenophorae radix and Codonopsis radix were classified into two major subgroups on the basis of the genetic similarity coefficient. The specific RAPD patterns generated by the selected primers were reproducible from dried materials. Furthermore, the specific RAPD patterns were produced from the mixture of dried roots of A. triphylla and C. lanceolata. These results prone the usefulness of the RAPD analysis for the discrimination of pure materials from the mixtures of A. triphylla and C. lanceolata.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2021.04a
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• pp.16-16
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• 2021

To distinguish manchurian clematis, Clematis terniflora var. mandshurica and three-leaf clematis, C. apiifolia, we collected 9 nuclear ITS sequences and two sequences of trnQ-trnH intergenic spacer and trnH region in GenBank database. Those sequences were aligned to find differences between those of C. terniflora var. mandshurica and C. apiifolia. Two primer pairs were newly designed base on the differences between two species and conducted multiplex PCR. The size of amplified fragments using generated primers were 380 base pairs (only three-leaf clematis) and 189 base pairs (both species). This genetic marker based on PCR is useful to discrimination of C. terniflora var. mandshurica and C. apiifolia

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.97-103
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• 2001

Hidden Markov Model (HMM) is the most widely used method in speech recognition. In general, HMM parameters are trained to have maximum likelihood (ML) for training data. Although the ML method has good performance, it dose not take account into discrimination to other words. To complement this problem, a word verification method by re-recognition of the recognized word and its similar word using the discriminative function of the two words. To find the similar word, the probability of other words to the HMM is calculated and the word showing the highest probability is selected as the similar word of the mode. To achieve discrimination to each word the weight to each state is appended to the HMM parameter. The weight is calculated by genetic algorithm. The verificator complemented discrimination of each word and reduced the error occurred by similar word. As a result of verification the total error is reduced by about 22%

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.316-322
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• 2013

In order to evaluate the genetic diversity and discrimination among five Korean native chicken lines, a total of 86 individuals were genotyped using 150 microsatellite (MS) markers, and 15 highly polymorphic MS markers were selected. Based on the highest value of the number of alleles, the expected heterozygosity (He) and polymorphic information content (PIC) for the selected markers ranged from 6 to 12, 0.466 to 0.852, 0.709 to 0.882 and 0.648 to 0.865, respectively. Using these markers, the calculated genetic distance (Fst), the heterozygote deficit among chicken lines (Fit) and the heterozygote deficit within chicken line (Fis) values ranged from 0.0309 to 0.2473, 0.0013 to 0.4513 and -0.1002 to 0.271, respectively. The expected probability of identity values in random individuals (PI), random half-sib ($PI_{half-sibs}$) and random sibs ($PI_{sibs}$) were estimated at $7.98{\times}10^{-29}$, $2.88{\times}10^{-20}$ and $1.25{\times}10^{-08}$, respectively, indicating that these markers can be used for traceability systems in Korean native chickens. The unrooted phylogenetic neighbor-joining (NJ) tree was constructed using 15 MS markers that clearly differentiated among the five native chicken lines. Also, the structure was estimated by the individual clustering with the K value of 5. The selected 15 MS markers were found to be useful for the conservation, breeding plan, and traceability system in Korean native chickens.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.15-21
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• 2011

Objectives : The application of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the discrimination of the herbal medicine Leonuri Herba (Leonurus japonicus) was evaluated by the comparison of the DNA sequence with Lamiaceae herbal medicine. Method : Genetic analysis showed that phylogenetic tree and comparing sequences through the DNA analysis of rbcL (ribulose-1, 5-bisphosphatecarboxylase) region and trnL-F (tRNA-Leu, trnL-trnF intergeni cspacer, and tRNA-Phe) region of chloroplast DNA from six Lamiaceae sold in market. And we developed IMCF and IMCR primers in order to distinction Leonuri Herba in six Lamiaceae using rbcL and trnL-F sequences. Results : Genetic analysis showed that six Lamiaceae showed individual group on phylogenetic tree. PCR amplification product of Leonuri Herba and another five Lamiaceae were developed for amplification of a 281 bp sequence and the specific PCR amplification of a 460 bp sequence that was exclusive to Leonuri Herba was designed using IMCF and IMCR primers. Conclusion : PCR analysis based on the chloroplast DNA sequences allows the discrimination of Leonuri Herba-based medicine.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.20 no.7
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• pp.1086-1092
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• 2010

To estimate the genetic characteristics and cumulative power of discrimination (CPD) within Korean native commercial chicken, we used a total of 395 genomic DNAs from six breeds population (Korean Native Red chicken: R, Korean Native Yellow chicken: Y, Korean native Commercial Chicken: C, Ogal chicken: S, Hy-Line Brown: H, White Leghorn: W). Genetic diversity indices including mean allele number among loci, unbiased heterozygosity ($h_i$) within locus, effective number of alleles ($N_e$) and polymorphism information content (PIC) as well as the unbiased average heterozygosity (H) among loci in the populations were calculated using the generated allele frequencies by each marker. Frequencies of microsatellites markers were used to estimate heterozygosities and genetic distances. The nearest distance (0.119) was observed between the C and Y strains. The generated unbiased average heterozygosity among loci in each population was integrated to the global formula of CPD and the result demonstrated that the CPD within the six chicken populations was 99.461%.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.105 no.4
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• pp.422-428
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• 2016

Ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba L.) is one of the most appropriate roadside trees because of a good transplantation nature and ability to grow well in urban environment. Ginkgo is a dioecious species. Sex discrimination of ginkgo is possible through comparing morphological characters of reproductive organs. However, it needs more than about twenty years for reproductive organs to appear after sexual maturity. Until now, ginkgo trees for roadside plantation have been planted without discriminating the sex because ginkgo trees have been usually planted before sexual maturity. Ginkgo nuts from the female ginkgo trees planted along the roadside emit a foul odor, and make much pollution on the streets. Thus in this study a novel SCAR marker (SCAR-GBM) for the early sex discrimination was developed. Primers were developed on the basis of the sequence of male-specific RAPD variants reported previously. False-negative problem of SCAR marker, probably caused by dominant nature, was resolved by using multiplex PCR using primers of both the SCAR-GBM and a universal primer set of atp1 region in mitochondria DNA, which resulted in improved discrimination efficiency. The results showed that DNA bands of 1,039 bp were commonly amplified by the atp1 primer set in male and female trees, and SCAR-GBM markers of 675 bp were specifically amplified only in male trees. Reproducible and specific discrimination of the multiplex PCR was finally confirmed by applying multiple male and female individuals.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.302-313
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• 2023

Y chromosomal short tandem repeat (Y-STR) markers have been developed continuously to complement forensic DNA analyses and population genetic studies. Initially, we collected data from previously reported Korean population Y-STR haplotype studies on 1133 individuals. We then conducted a marker expansion analysis using a dataset from the Y-STR Haplotype Reference Database (YHRD), covering up to 29 Y-STRs, referred to as Ymax. Additionally, we examined the impact of rapidly mutating (RM) Y-STRs included in this expanded marker set on the discrimination capacity. We observed that marker expansions both with (0.9896), and without (0.9510), RM Y-STR improved the discrimination capacity. Subsequently, we focused on 16 individuals belonging to seven distinct groups sharing identical haplotypes. These particular haplotypes had been previously identified among 476 unrelated males using 23 Y-STR markers from the PowerPlex^® Y23 System. We expanded the marker panel up to Ymax to explore how discrimination improved with an expansion of Y-STR markers for these 16 individuals. Among the expanded markers, DYS627, which had high discriminatory power, had a high mutation rate (1.10 × 10^-2) and high gene diversity (0.83). In contrast, DYF387S1 displayed high gene diversity (0.95) but a relatively low mutation rate (2.80 × 10^-3). We propose that these findings will be valuable in the selection of suitable Y-STR markers, depending on the objectives of forensic analyses. Additionally, the presence of frequently observed Y-haplotypes in Korean population will facilitate statistical interpretation in Y-STR DNA profiling.