• 한국식물병리학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.157-163
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• 1998

Genetic diversity among 27 isolates of Rhizoctonia solani, which were obtained from diseased crops in Korea and classified into 9 intraspecific groups by anastomosis test and cultural characteristics, was studied by PCR-RFLP. Gene regions of nuclear 17S ribosomal DNA and internal transcribed spacers including 5.8S rDNA of the isolates were amplified with polymerase chain reaction and digested with 12 restriction enzymes. Differences of restriction patterns were not shown among isolates within each intraspecific groups, however, each anastomosis group and culturala type sowed unique restriction fragment length polymorphisms by restriction patterns using HaeIII, Cfr13I and MspI. The results suggest that PCR-FRLP of rDNA using three restriction enzymes could be used to differentiate intraspecific groups of Rhizoctonia solani in Korea.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.85-91
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• 2007

Dlx3 is a homeodomain protein and is known to playa role in development and differentiation of many tissues. Deletion of four base pairs in DLX3 (NT3198) is causally related to tricho-dento-osseous (TDO) syndrome (OMIM # 190320), a genetic disorder manifested by taurodontism, hair abnormalities, and increased bone density in the cranium. Although the observed defects of TDO syndrome involves bone, little is known about the role of Dlx3 in bone remodeling process. In this study, we examined the effect of wild type DLX3 (wtDlx3) expression on osteoclast differentiation and compared it with that of 4-BP DEL DLX3 (TDO mtDlx3). To examine whether Dlx3 is expressed during RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation, RAW264.7 cells were cultured in the presence of receptor activator of nuclear factor-B ligand (RANKL). Dlx3 protein level increased slightly after RANKL treatment for 1 day and peaked when the fusion of prefusion osteoclasts actively progressed. When wtDlx3 and TDO mtDlx3 were overexpressed in RAW264.7 cells, they enhanced RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis and the expression of osteoclast differentiation marker genes such as calcitonin receptor, vitronectin receptor and cathepsin K. Since osteoclast differentiation is critically regulated by the balance between RANKL and osteoprotegerin (OPG), we examined the effect of Dlx3 overexpression on expression of RANKL and OPG in C2C12 cells in the presence of bone morphogenetic protein 2. Overexpression of wtDlx3 enhanced RANKL mRNA expression while slightly suppressed OPG expression. However, TDO mtDlx3 did not exert significant effects. This result suggests that inability of TDO mtDlx3 to regulate expression of RANKL and OPG may contribute to increased bone density in TDO syndrome patients. Taken together, it is suggested that Dlx3 playa role as a positive regulator of osteoclast differentiation via up-regulation of osteoclast differentiation-associated genes in osteoclasts, as well as via increasing the ratio of RANKL to OPG in osteoblastic cells.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제25권9호
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• pp.1223-1228
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• 2012

The population sizes of three Korean indigenous cattle populations have been drastically reduced over the past decades. In this study, we examined the extent to which reduction in populations influenced genetic diversity, population structure and demographic history using complete mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region sequences. The complete mtDNA control region was sequenced in 56 individuals from Korean Black (KB), Jeju Black (JEB) and Korean Brindle (BRI) cattle populations. We included 27 mtDNA sequences of Korean Brown (BRO) from the GenBank database. Haplotype diversity estimate for the total population was high (0.870) while nucleotide diversity was low (0.004). The KB showed considerably low nucleotide (${\pi}$ = 0.001) and haplotype (h = 0.368) diversities. Analysis of molecular variance revealed a low level of genetic differentiation but this was highly significant (p<0.001) among the cattle populations. Of the total genetic diversity, 7.6% was attributable to among cattle populations diversity and the rest (92.4%) to differences within populations. The mismatch distribution analysis and neutrality tests revealed that KB population was in genetic equilibrium or decline. Indeed, unless an appropriate breeding management practice is developed, inbreeding and genetic drift will further impoverish genetic diversity of these cattle populations. Rational breed development and conservation strategy is needed to safeguard these cattle population.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.233-246
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• 1997

남한의 15개 지역에서 채집된 재첩속(Corbicula) 4종간의 유전적 분화수준 및 계통 유연관계를 규명하고자 전기영동을 이용한 동위효소 분석을 실시하였다. 이들 4종 중 담수 산인 C. fluminea, C. leana, C. colorata 3종의 종내 집단간 유전적 근연치는 S=0.970 이상 (0.970∼1.000)으로 매우 가깝게 나타났으나 기수산인 C. japonica의 집단들은 Gp-1 유전자 에서 뚜렷한 대립인자 차이를 가지는 2개의 유전적 group으로 분리(S=0.873)되어 이에 대한 추가적인 분류학적 검토가 요구되었다. 각 종간의 유전적 근연치는 C. fluninea와 C. leana 가 S=0.689, C. fluminea와 C. colorata는 S=0.594 그리고 C. leana와 C. colorata는 S=0.737 로 나타나 이들 담수산 3종간의 유전적 차이는 매우 뚜렷하였다. 특히, 기수산인 C. japonica는 담수산 3종과의 평균 유전적 근연치가 S=0.370으로 가장 먼 유전적 근연관계를 나타내었다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.112-120
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• 2001

Genetic diversity of 47 East-Asian vegetable soybean was characterized by means of agro-morphological traits and RAPD markers. A field trial was conducted to evaluate 14 agro-morphological traits. To study RAPD-based DNA analysis, a total of sixty 10-mer random primers were screened. Of these, 23 polymorphic markers in 16 varieties used for screening. Among 207 markers amplified, 48 were polymorphic for at least one pairwise comparison within the 47 varieties. A higher differentiation level between varieties was observed by using RAPD markers compared to morphological markers. Correspondence analysis using both types of marker showed that RAPD data could fully discriminate between all varieties, whereas morphological markers could not achieve a complete discrimination. Genetic distances between the varieties were estimated from simple matching coefficients, ranged from 0.0 to 0.640 with an average of 0.295$\pm$0.131 for morphological traits and 0.042 to 0.625 with an average of 0.336$\pm$0.099 for RAPD data, respectively. Cluster analysis based on genetic dissimilarity of these varieties gave rise to 4 distinct groups. The clustering results based on RAPDs did not match with those based on morphological traits. Geographical distribution of most varieties in each of the groups were not well defined. The results suggested that the level of genetic diversity within this group of East-Asian vegetable soybean varieties was sufficient for a breeding program and can be used to establish genetic relationships among them with unknown or unrelated pedigrees.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.467-476
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• 2019

Objective: This research was conducted to study the genetic diversity in several Indonesian cattle breeds using microsatellite markers to classify the Indonesian cattle breeds. Methods: A total of 229 DNA samples from of 10 cattle breeds were used in this study. The polymerase chain reaction process was conducted using 12 labeled primers. The size of allele was generated using the multiplex DNA fragment analysis. The POPGEN and CERVUS programs were used to obtain the observed number of alleles, effective number of alleles, observed heterozygosity value, expected heterozygosity value, allele frequency, genetic differentiation, the global heterozygote deficit among breeds, and the heterozygote deficit within the breed, gene flow, Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, and polymorphism information content values. The MEGA program was used to generate a dendrogram that illustrates the relationship among cattle population. Bayesian clustering assignments were analyzed using STRUCTURE program. The GENETIX program was used to perform the correspondence factorial analysis (CFA). The GENALEX program was used to perform the principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) and analysis of molecular variance. The principal component analysis (PCA) was performed using adegenet package of R program. Results: A total of 862 alleles were detected in this study. The INRA23 allele 205 is a specific allele candidate for the Sumba Ongole cattle, while the allele 219 is a specific allele candidate for Ongole Grade. This study revealed a very close genetic relationship between the Ongole Grade and Sumba Ongole cattle and between the Madura and Pasundan cattle. The results from the CFA, PCoA, and PCA analysis in this study provide scientific evidence regarding the genetic relationship between Banteng and Bali cattle. According to the genetic relationship, the Pesisir cattle were classified as Bos indicus cattle. Conclusion: All identified alleles in this study were able to classify the cattle population into three clusters i.e. Bos taurus cluster (Simmental Purebred, Simmental Crossbred, and Holstein Friesian cattle); Bos indicus cluster (Sumba Ongole, Ongole Grade, Madura, Pasundan, and Pesisir cattle); and Bos javanicus cluster (Banteng and Bali cattle).

• 한국발생생물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국발생생물학회 2003년도 제3회 국제심포지움 및 학술대회
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• pp.82-82
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• 2003

Offspring have been produced from somatic cells in a number of species. This biotechnology introduced a new phenomenon in reprogramming and differentiation of somatic cell, namely totipotency. However, birth of oversized calves and perinatal abnormalities such as increased gestation length, lack of spontaneous parturition, higher incidence of dystocia, and reduced perinatal viability of offspring are frequently observed in pregnancies of cloned bovine fetuses. Disturbance of feto-placenta has been proposed as likely causes for abnomal growth. However. Little is known the mechanism responsible for the perinatal problems. Therefore, we focused on gestation length in somatic cell nuclear recipient cows. To solve this issues, placental tissues of control and cloned bovine were obtained by a cesarean section (C-section) before 5 days of paturition. Total RNA from control and cloned bovine placenta was extractd by TRIzol reagent. GeneFishing DEG kits (Seegene) were used to identify differentially expression genes. Total RNA (3 ug) were synthesized by M-MLV reverse transcriptase (200 u/ul) with 10 uM dT-annealing control primer (ACP1) at 42C for 90 min. Then, first-strand cDNA (50 ng) was amplified using the 5 uM arbitary ACP (1-20) and 10 uM dT-ACP2 primers. Some specific expression genes were amplified, Now, we are cloning and sequencing. These finding strongly can be support to solve the problems for parturition delay in nuclear transfer cows, suggest that placenta specific proteins are key indicators for the aberration of gestation and placental function in cows.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제100권4호
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• pp.577-584
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• 2011

구상나무 3개 집단과 분비나무 5개 집단에 존재하는 유전변이량과 집단간 유전분화를 추정하기 위해서 5개 nSSR 표지를 분석하였다. 유전자좌당 대립유전자가 과다하게 관찰된 1개 유전자좌를 제외한 나머지 유전자좌를 대상으로 통계분석을 실시한 결과, 평균 이형접합체 빈도 기대값($H_e$)이 구상나무는 0.292, 분비나무는 0.220으로 계산되어 구상나무의 유전변이량이 더 큰 것으로 나타났다. 집단내 고정지수(F)는 구상나무가 평균 0.065, 분비나무가 평균 0.095로 양의 값을 나타내어 두 수종 공히 집단 내 동형접합체가 H-W 평형상태에서의 기대 개체수 보다 많은 것으로 나타났다. 집단 간 유전분화를 분석한 결과, 분비나무 집단들에 비해서($F_{ST}=0.039$) 구상나무 집단간 유전분화($F_{ST}=0.063$)가 더 심화된 것으로 나타났다. 두 수종간의 유전분화($F_{PT}$)는 0.049로 나타나 유전변이의 대부분이 두 수종 간에 공유되고 있음이 확인되었다. 집단간 유전적 유연관계를 분석한 결과, 구상나무의 2개 집단(덕유산, 한라산)이 분비나무 집단들과 분리되어 나타났으나 지리산집단은 분비나무 집단들과 그룹을 형성하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 결론적으로 분석된 대부분의 집단들이 빙하기 이후의 기온 상승으로 산 정상부에 국소적으로 남겨지게 됨에 따라 집단 크기가 점진적으로 감소되어 초래된 유전적 부동과 근친교배의 결과 동형접합체가 증가되었으며, 두 수종의 종분화 과정이 비교적 최근에 일어났으나 아직 충분히 분화되지 못한 상태인 것으로 추정할 수 있었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제27권10호
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• pp.1381-1386
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• 2014

In spite of variation in coat color, size, and production traits among indigenous Bangladeshi cattle populations, genetic differences among most of the populations have not been investigated or exploited. In this study, we used a high-density bovine single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) 80K Bead Chip derived from Bos indicus breeds to assess genetic diversity and population structure of 2 Bangladeshi zebu cattle populations (red Chittagong, n = 28 and non-descript deshi, n = 28) and a semi-domesticated population (gayal, n = 17). Overall, 95% and 58% of the total SNPs (69,804) showed polymorphisms in the zebu and gayal populations, respectively. Similarly, the average minor allele frequency value was as high 0.29 in zebu and as low as 0.09 in gayal. The mean expected heterozygosity varied from $0.42{\pm}0.14$ in zebu to $0.148{\pm}0.14$ in gayal with significant heterozygosity deficiency of 0.06 ($F_{IS}$) in the latter. Coancestry estimations revealed that the two zebu populations are weakly differentiated, with over 99% of the total genetic variation retained within populations and less than 1% accounted for between populations. Conversely, strong genetic differentiation ($F_{ST}=0.33$) was observed between zebu and gayal populations. Results of population structure and principal component analyses suggest that gayal is distinct from Bos indicus and that the two zebu populations were weakly structured. This study provides basic information about the genetic diversity and structure of Bangladeshi cattle and the semi-domesticated gayal population that can be used for future appraisal of breed utilization and management strategies.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.90-97
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• 2002

Sasang Constitutional Medicine is based on the diversity of human being and medically developed the variation of response to diseases and medicines. The diversity is categorized as four groups Taeyangin, Taeumin, Soyangin, Soeumin according to morphology, physiology, pathology, and pharmacology. The phenotypes of Sasang constitutions represent that constitutions may be possessed of the different genetic backgrounds. To clarify the genetic difference among the Sasang constitutions, we performed a genetic analysis with the 3'-UTR polymorphism of ADPRT (rs=8679) as a pooled DNA sequencing method. ADPRT modulates various nuclear proteins by poly(ADP-ribosy)lation and is involved in the regulation of various cellular processes such as differentiation, proliferation, and tumor transformation. This gene is also involved in the recovery of cell from DNA damage and the brain infarction. The allele frequencies of [T/C] polymorphism of ADPRT of Soeumin and Soyangin groups were (T: 0.94/C: 0.06) and that of Taeumin and Taeyangin groups were (T: l.00/C: 0.00). The allele frequency was not showed the difference between constitution groups. This result represented that the [T/C] polymorphism of ADPRT 3' UTR region was not suitable to classify the constitutions. However, this study is the first trial of Sasang classification according to genetic polymorphism and further analysis will be necessarily to classify the genetic difference of Sasang constitution.