• IMMUNE NETWORK
• /
• 제7권3호
• /
• pp.149-157
• /
• 2007

Background: The microsatellites within human leukocyte antigen (HLA) region show considerable polymorphism and strong linkage disequilibrium (LD) with HLA alleles. These microsatellites have been used for genetic analysis including disease mapping to understand susceptibility to autoimmune and infectious diseases. Also, use of microsatellites has recently been proposed as an approach for identifying non-HLA markers within the HLA region that could function as transplantation determinants and for the selection of potential donors for transplantation. Methods: To analyse the frequency of five microsatellites in the Korean population, genotyping for polymorphisms at five microsatellites markers (BAT2, MIB, DQCAR, D6S105 and TNFd) within HLA region was performed on 143 healthy Korean controls. Results: The most frequent genotype shown in healthy Korean controls were BAT2 8 (153 bp, 42.7%), MIB 1 (326 bp, 40.6%), DQCAR 3 (188 bp, 38.5%), D6S105 7 (126 bp, 58.0%) and TNFd 3 (128 bp, 58.0%). And common two-loci haplotypes were found as MIB 1-HLA-B*62 (HF: 10.6%), MIB 6-HLA-B*44 (HF: 7.8%), DQCAR 3-HLA-DRB1*13 (HF: 8.5%), TNFd 5-HLA-B*62 (HF: 7.8%) and D6S105 7-HLA-A*02 (HF: 16.2%). Conclusion: These data might provide useful information on the microsatellites markers with HLA region in Korean population and be helpful in further defining the clinical impact of these microsatellites.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• 제45권2호
• /
• pp.333-340
• /
• 1998

연구배경: 폐암은 전세계적으로 암중에서도 높은 발생빈도를 보이는 질환이며 흡연, 공해와 환경오염 등으로 인해 점차 증가하고 있다. 폐암에서는 다양한 유전학적 변화가 나타나는데 그중에서도 특히 p53의 유전자 변이와 그에 따른 p53 본래의 종양억제력의 상실은 종양발생에 관련되는 것으로 밝혀져 있다. P53 변이의 확인은 면역조직염색, PCR 분석법과 ESISA 분석 등으로 조사할 수 있다. 방 법: P53의 혈청학적 측정은 69명의 폐암환자와 대조군으로 42명 비폐암 호흡기질환자에서 조사되었다. 혈청 p53 변이단백은 ELISA 방법으로 측정하였고 조직 면역화학염색은 p53의 단크론항체를 이용하였다. 결 과: 혈청학적 검사에서 비소세포 폐암의 p53 변이단백은 0.28ng/mL, 소세포폐암은 0.20ng/mL, 그리고 대조군은 0.34ng/mL로서 세군간의 유의한 차이는 관찰되지 않았다. 또한 폐암의 임상병기에 따른 p53의 농도에는 어떤 상관성도 발견할 수 없었다. 폐암조직에 대한 p53 면역화학염색상 50%의 양성율을 보였으나 혈청학적 검사와는 어떤 상관성을 볼 수 없었다. 결 론: 결론적으로 본 연구의 변이 p53단백에 대한 혈청학적 검사는 폐암에 대한 진단적 가치는 없는 것으로 생각된다. 또한 원발성 폐암의 p53 변이를 확인하기 위한 조직면역화학염색은 50%에서 양성을 확인하였다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• 제44권1호
• /
• pp.135-144
• /
• 2020

Background: Panax species are important herbal medicinal plants in the Araliaceae family. Recently, we reported the complete chloroplast genomes and 45S nuclear ribosomal DNA sequences from seven Panax species, two (P. quinquefolius and P. trifolius) from North America and five (P. ginseng, P. notoginseng, P. japonicus, P. vietnamensis, and P. stipuleanatus) from Asia. Methods: We conducted phylogenetic analysis of these chloroplast sequences with 12 other Araliaceae species and comprehensive comparative analysis among the seven Panax whole chloroplast genomes. Results: We identified 1,128 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in coding gene sequences, distributed among 72 of the 79 protein-coding genes in the chloroplast genomes of the seven Panax species. The other seven genes (including psaJ, psbN, rpl23, psbF, psbL, rps18, and rps7) were identical among the Panax species. We also discovered that 12 large chloroplast genome fragments were transferred into the mitochondrial genome based on sharing of more than 90% sequence similarity. The total size of transferred fragments was 60,331 bp, corresponding to approximately 38.6% of chloroplast genome. We developed 18 SNP markers from the chloroplast genic coding sequence regions that were not similar to regions in the mitochondrial genome. These markers included two or three species-specific markers for each species and can be used to authenticate all the seven Panax species from the others. Conclusion: The comparative analysis of chloroplast genomes from seven Panax species elucidated their genetic diversity and evolutionary relationships, and 18 species-specific markers were able to discriminate among these species, thereby furthering efforts to protect the ginseng industry from economically motivated adulteration.

• 생명과학회지
• /
• 제13권2호
• /
• pp.184-190
• /
• 2003

군집을 이루어 생활을 하는 세균류의 하나인 M. xanthus의 csgA 유전자는 세포 표면 단백질을 암호화하는데 이 단백질은 M. xanthus의 자실체 및 포자 형성을 수반하는 발생 (development)에 필수적이다. csgA 돌연변이들은 정상적인 성장을 보이지만, 발생 과정에서 자실체 및 포자 형성이 불가능하다. 또한, CsgA 세포간 기인한 신호 전달체계에 의해서 유발되는 CsgA 특이적 유전자들의 발현이 없거나 감소한다. socD500돌연변이는, csgA 돌연변이체로부터 자실체 혹은 포자 형성을 회복하게 해주는 2차 돌연변이 중의 하나로서, csgA 돌연변이체의 포자 형성을 회복하도록 한다. socD500에 의한 포자 형성은 영양원의 고갈 및 자실체의 형성이 없이도, 단순히 성장 온도를 $32^{\circ}C$에서 $15^{\circ}C$로 낮추는 것이 의해서 이루어진다. 이런 과정을 거쳐 형성된 포자의 구조를 전자현미경으로 관찰한 결과 정상 포자와는 다르게 단지 얇은 여러 겹의 막들이 존재하였다. 또한 socD500 돌연변이체에서 10개의 CsgA 특이적 유전자들의 발현율을 측정한 결과, 자실체 형성을 수반하는 정상적인 발생시에만 발현하는 ΩDK4506 및 ΩDK4406 유전자들이 $15^{\circ}C$에서 높게 발현되는 것으로 나타났다. 이 결과는 socD500은 CsgA에 특이적인 신호 전달체계에 관련된 일부 유전자들의 발현을 조절하는 역할에 관련되었다는 것을 알 수가 있었다.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
• /
• 제41권10호
• /
• pp.290-301
• /
• 2017

Background: Forest edges create distinctive ecological space as adjacent constituents, which distinguish between different ecosystems or land use types. These edges are made by anthropogenic or natural disturbance and affects both abiotic and biotic factors gradually. This study was carried out to assess edge effects on disturbed landscape at the pine-dominated clear-cut area in a genetic resources reserve in Uljin-gun, eastern Korea. This study aims to estimate the distance of edge influence by analyzing changes of abiotic and biotic factors along the distance from forest edge. Further, we recommend forest management strategy for sustaining healthy forest landscapes by reducing effects of deforestation. Results: Distance of edge effect based on the abiotic factors varied from 8.2 to 33.0 m. The distances were the longest in $Mg^{2+}$ content and total nitrogen, $K^+$, $Ca^{2+}$ contents, canopy openness, light intensity, air humidity, $Na^+$ content, and soil temperature followed. The result based on biotic factors varied from 6.8 to 29.5 m, coverage of tree species in the herb layer showed the longest distance and coverage of shrub plant in the herb layer, evenness, species diversity, total coverage of herb layer, and species richness followed. As the result of calculation of edge effect by synthesizing 26 factors measured in this study, the effect was shown from 11.0 m of the forest interior to 22.4 m of the open space. In the result of stand ordination, Rhododendron mucronulatum, R. schlippenbachii, and Fraxinus sieboldiana dominated arrangement of forest interior sites and Quercus mongolica, Vitis amurensis, and Rubus crataegifolius dominated spatial distribution of the open area plots. Conclusions: Forest interior habitat lies within the influence of both abiotic and biotic edge effects. Therefore, we need a forest management strategy to sustain the stability of the plant and further animal communities that depend on its stable conditions. For protecting forest interior, we recommend selective logging as a harvesting method for minimizing edge effects by anthropogenic disturbance. In fact, it was known that selective logging contributes to control light availability and wind regime, which are key factors affecting microclimate. In addition, ecological restoration applying protective planting for the remaining forest in the clear-cut area could contribute to prevent continuous disturbance in forest interior.

• 한국환경보건학회지
• /
• 제35권3호
• /
• pp.169-177
• /
• 2009

In the past decade there has been increasing concern about the atopic dermatitis (AD) associated with environmental diseases. AD has been increased in the last decade and known as one of the multifactoral diseases, which has the genetic background and environmental factors at the same time. The purposes of this study were to investigate the prevalence rate and etiologic risk factors of atopic dermatitis in preschool children in Changwon, which is a one of the Korean cities and has a large industrial complex. We reviewed and analyzed the statistical data, obtained from Korea National Health Insurance Corporation, related to prevalence rate by age and administrative district. A cross-sectional questionnaire survey, based on ISAAC (International Study of Allergy and Asthma in Childhood), was conducted on random samples of preschool children (5 to 8 years old) of large sized kindergartens in Changwon. The lifetime and last one years prevalence of AD in preschool children in Changwon was increased from 1998 to 2008. The prevalence rate of AD in the preschool children in Changwon city was 9.6%. The prevalence rate in boys was 9.7% and that in girls was 9.4%. The one year prevalence of AD was ranked as middle among other provincial cities in Korea in 2008. This study showed that the prevalence rate of the atopic disease in Changwon was 9% in 2008, which was increased especially compare to 2000. More active governmental approaches for control and prevention of atopic dermatitis for children are recommended. Further studies are needed for more accurate estimation of the prevalence of AD in Korea including different regional and age population.

• Genomics & Informatics
• /
• 제8권3호
• /
• pp.108-115
• /
• 2010

Hypertension is the most prevalent disease worldwide and is itself a risk factor for cerebral, cardiac, and renal diseases. The inconsistency of candidate genes suggested by previous genomewide association studies (GWASs) may be due to not only differences in study design and genetic or environmental background but also the difference in the power of analysis between continuous traits and discrete traits. We analyzed 352,228 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 8842 unrelated Koreans obtained from Ansan and Ansung cohorts. We performed a series of GWA analyses using three different phenotype models; young hypertensive cases (278 subjects) versus elderly normotensive controls (680 subjects); the upper 25% (2211 hypertensive cases) versus the lower 25% of the SBP distribution (2211 hypotensive controls); and finally SBP and DBP as continuous traits (8842 subjects). The numbers of young hypertensive cases and elderly normotensive controls were not large enough to achieve genomewide significance. The model comparing the upper 25% subjects to the lower 25% of subjects showed a power that was approximate to that of QTL analysis. Two neighboring SNPs of the ATP2B1 gene, rs17249754 (SBP, p=$2.53^{-10}$; DBP, p=$1.28{\times}10^{-8}$) and rs7136259 (SBP, p=$1.30{\times}10^{-9}$; DBP, p=$6.41{\times}10^{-8}$), were associated with both SBP and DBP. Interestingly, a SNP of the RPL6 gene, rs11066280, revealed a significant genomewide association with SBP in men only (p=$3.85{\times}10^{-8}$), and four SNPs located near the MAN2A1 gene showed a strong association with DBP only in elderly men aged 60-70 years (e.g., rs6421827, p=$4.86{\times}10^{-8}$). However, we did not observe any gene variant attaining genomewide significance consistently in the three phenotype models except for the ATP2B1 gene variants. In general, the association signal with blood pressure was stronger in women than in men. Genes identified in GWASs are expected to open the way for prevention, early diagnosis, and personalized treatment of hypertension.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
• /
• 제28권4호
• /
• pp.373-379
• /
• 2013

Spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) developed into sperms through spermatogenesis have been utilized as a useful tool in the field of regenerative medicine and infertility. However, a small number of highly qualified SSCs are resided in the seminiferous tubule of testis, resulted in developing effective in-vitro culture system of SSCs for solving simultaneously quantitative and qualitative problems. Presently, SSCs can be enriched on testicular stromal cells (TSCs), but there are no systematic researches about TSC culture. Therefore, we tried to optimize culture condition of TSCs derived from mouse with different strains. For these, proliferation and viability were measured and compared by culturing ICR outbred or DBA/2 inbred mouse-derived TSCs at 35 or $37^{\circ}C$. In case of ICR strain, primary TSCs cultured at $37^{\circ}C$ showed significantly higher proliferation and viability than those at $35^{\circ}C$ and significant increase of proliferation and viability in sub-passaged TSCs was detected in the $35^{\circ}C$ culture condition. Moreover, sub-passage of primary TSCs at $35^{\circ}C$ induced no significant effects on proliferation and viability. In contrast, in case of DBA/2 strain, significantly improved proliferation were detected in the primary TSCs cultured at $35^{\circ}C$, which showed no significant difference in the viability, compared to those at $37^{\circ}C$. Furthermore, sub-passaged TSCs cultured at $37^{\circ}C$ showed no significant differences in proliferation and viability, compared to those at $35^{\circ}C$. However, with significant decrease of proliferation induced by sub-passage of primary TSCs at $35^{\circ}C$, no significant effects on proliferation and viability were resulted from sub-passage of primary TSCs at $37^{\circ}C$. From these results, culture temperature of primary TSCs derived from outbred and inbred strain of mouse could be separately optimized in primary culture and subculture.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
• /
• 제13권4호
• /
• pp.582-591
• /
• 2008

Both genetic and environmental factors play important roles in the pathogenesis of Parkinson Disease(PD). The contribution of many environmental factors including dietary factor remains unproven. The purpose the study was to investigate the dietary habits, nutrient intake and dietary quality of Korean PD patients according to the duration of disease. PD patients were recruited from K and S university hospitals from May 2005 to January 2006. This study was carried out after approval by the Institute Review Board(IRB). British Brain Bank criteria was used to diagnose PD. The subjects were classified into 2 groups based on the duration of PD: <25 months and $\geq$25 months groups. General characteristics, anthropometric measurements, food habits and dietary intakes were investigated. The results of this study were as follows: 1) The mean age of <25 months group($66.9{\pm}8.0$ yr) was significantly higher than that of $\geq$25 months group($62.2{\pm}8.8$ yr)(p<0.05). No significant differences were found for academic background, occupation, living status and social activity, however, numbers of diseases, exercise and family history of PD were significantly different. 2) Anthropometric measurements were not different between the two groups. 3) The frequency of taking snacks was significantly higher in <25 months group and the amounts of alcohol consumption were significantly higher in $\geq$25 months group. 4) Daily intakes of most nutrients were very low compared with DRI. 5) The MAR score was significantly lower in <25 months group(p<0.05;) however, the scores of DVS, DDS and DQI were not significantly different. As a conclusion an overall nutrient intake and dietary quality of the Parkinson's Disease patients need to be improved regardless of duration of the disease and a well-balanced diet should be emphasized.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
• /
• 제3권3호
• /
• pp.225-231
• /
• 2014

담수표면산파와 이앙재배 조건에서 benzobicyclon에 대한 총체 사료용 벼 4품종 및 계통의 약해 반응 차이를 검토한 결과는 다음과 같다. 목우는 모든 재배양식, 처리온도, benzobicyclon 처리량에서 100% 백화 증상을 보였다. 녹양, 목양, 수원560은 benzobicyclon 기준량 처리에서는 백화 증상이 나타나지 않거나 매우 경미하였다. 그러나 benzobicyclon 배량 처리에서 이들 3품종 및 계통은 담수표면산파의 경우 백화 현상이 0-8% 발생하였고, $27^{\circ}C$의 고온 처리에서는 초장의 단축 정도가 컸다. 이앙재배의 경우 이들 3품종 및 계통은 평균기온 $18^{\circ}C$와 $21^{\circ}C$에서 백화 증상을 보이지 않았던 반면, $24^{\circ}C$와 $27^{\circ}C$에서는 품종에 따라 2-32%의 백화증상을 나타내었고 건물중도 감소하는 경향을 보였다. Benzobicyclon 배량의 고온처리에서 이와 같은 약해 증상은 일반형 품종인 일품에서도 나타났다. 결과적으로, 목우는 benzobicyclon에 대한 약해가 매우 심하였으며, 녹양, 목양, 수원560은 benzobicyclon 기준량 처리에서는 약해를 보이지 않았다.