• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.24-32
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• 1993

Experimental data on the heat transfer characteristics of HCFC-123 and CFC-11 during condensation in horizontal smooth tube are presented. The experimental apparatus consisted of a closed working fluid loop, coolant loop, and measuring system. The major components of the working fluid loop made of a refrigerant pump, boiler, superheater, refrigerant flow meter, receiver and test section. The tube-in-tube type test section was made of smooth tube which were constructed form 9.52 mm outer diameter of smooth copper tube with 50 mm outside diameter of PVC tube duct. The ranges of parameter, such as refrigerant mass velocity, coolant flow rate, and quality were 90-325kg/($m^2$.s), 60-360kg/h, 5-95% respectively. Data were obtained under steady state condition for annular flow. As a result of these, the condensation heat transfer coefficients for HCFC-123 were slightly lower than those of CFC-11 from 8% to 15% inside horizontal smooth tube. Furthermore, a new generalized correlation for the heat transfer coefficients of HCFC-123 and CFC-11 during condensation inside horizontal smooth tube is proposed.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.159-168
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• 2008

A special field experiment has been carried out from March 2001 to June 2001 at the Changhowon in Kyunggi to investigate a better methodology for the estimation of dry deposition of pollutions applicable in Korea. In this study, dry deposition plate was used to measure of total and water soluble acidic mass fluxes, and CPRI(Coarse Particle Rotary Impactor), CI(Cascade Impactor) were also used to measure ambient concentrations in various particle size ranges. Sehmel-Hodgson model was used to estimate dry depostion velocity and Weibull probability distribution function was applied to get generalized particle size distribution for the size fractioned concentration data sampled by CPRI and CI. Atmospheric dry deposition fluxes of mass and ionic matters estimated by the various techniques(one-step, multi-step, equi-concentration, subdivision for only the coarse particle range, applying Weibull distribution function, etc.) were compared to flux data sampled by DDP. It was found out that the deposition fluxes estimation methodology calculated by the each particle size range devided by particle size distribution characteristics and the rapidly changed points of deposition velocity using Weibull probability distribution function was the most applicable.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제61권4호
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• pp.132-134
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• 2018

We report a unique case of intestinal duplication detected on posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) in a 13-year-old girl. She was admitted to the pediatric Emergency Department because of generalized seizures. Radiological assessment revealed a large, well-defined, thick-walled cystic lesion in the mid abdomen, suggestive of duplication cyst associated to a PRES. Exploration confirmed the diagnosis of ileal duplication cyst, and the mass was resected. The postoperative course was uneventful. Both hypertension and neurological dysfunction resolved after the mass resection. A follow-up brain magnetic resonance imaging was performed 9 months later and showed complete resolution of the cerebellar changes. Although extrinsic compression of the retroperitoneal structures has not been reported in the literature as a complication of duplication cyst, we strongly believe that this is the most logical and plausible hypothesis that would explain the pathogenesis of PRES in our patient.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.457-469
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• 2016

Steep rock slope with water-filled tension crack will happen to overturn around the toe of the slope under seismic loading. This failure type is completely different from the common toppling failure occurring in anti-dipping layered rock mass slopes with steeply dipping discontinuities. This paper presents an analytical approach to determine the seismic factor of safety against overturning for an intact rock mass slope with water-filled tension crack considering horizontal and vertical seismic coefficients. This solution is a generalized explicit expression and is derived using the moment equilibrium approach. A numerical program based on discontinuous deformation analysis (DDA) is adopted to validate the analytical results. The parametric study is carried out to adequately investigate the effect of horizontal and vertical seismic coefficients on the overall stability against overturning for a saturated rock slope under two water pressure modes. The analytical results show that vertically upward seismic inertia force or/and second water pressure distribution mode will remarkably decrease the slope stability against overturning. Finally, several representative design charts of slopes also are presented for the practical application.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.827-831
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• 2007

Myostatin is a member of the transforming growth factor-${\beta}$(TGF-${\beta}$ super-family. It acts as a negative regulator for skeletal muscle growth. Myostatin mutations are characterized by a visible, generalized increase in muscle mass in double muscled cattle breeds. To understand the biochemistry and physiology of the Chinese Yellow bovine myostatin gene, we report here for the first time expression of the gene in Escherichia coli (E. coli). Primers of the myostatin gene of Chinese Yellow Cattle were designed on the basis of the reported bovine myostatin mRNA sequence (Gen-Bank Accession No. NM005259) and optimized for E. coli codon usage. XhoI and EcoRI restriction enzyme sites were incorporated in the primers, and then cloning vector and expression vector were constructed in a different host bacterium. The expressed protein had a molecule mass of about 16 kDa as determined by SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions. The expressed protein reacted specifically with myostatin monoclonal antibody on immunoblots. Our studies should lead to the investigation of the differences in myostatin genes of various cattle and could benefit human health and food animal agriculture.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제6호
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• pp.53-62
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• 1995

This research aims at proving the fact that the forms, spaces and many other design concepts of Modernism are much related with the changes of materials, struc-tures, and the way of construction as well as the idealis-tic and aesthestic things through the history of steel, one of the most important materials of the style. The meaning steel has in the modern architecture can be studied in the structure and industrial production system. 1) Steel frame broadened the range of understanding the space and created the new form through the skeleton/skin structure by reinterpreting the existing space fac-tors while it was being adopted to the architecture. Walls could be freed from the traditional function of bear-ing wall and roofs gave the transparancy to the interior by being linked with the glass. Posts lost the function which confines the space in the frame of the grid system and gave the flexibility to the interior due to the economical materials. These changes made the movable partition, screen with various materials and the system furniture which divides the space more important. 2) In the aspect of the industrialized architecture, it be-came the moment that the most of the archtectural com-posing parts were in mass production as they were standarized, high qualified, and generalized by the indus-trial characteristics of steel, and the specialization of structure and cladding, but the neither of the efforts to make the building itself by mass production or to standarize it was fulfilled. The high-tech architecture which borrows its archtectural manifestation from the high technology, however, is consistently paying efforts on such industrialization.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.287-302
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• 2003

The seasonal variations in the circulation of the water mass in the East Sea/Japan Sea have been simulated using a free surface primitive ocean model, RIAMOM (RIAM Ocean Model), comparing the results from GFDL-MOM1 (Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory Modular Ocean Model, version 1.1, hereafter MOM) with the GDEM (Generalized Digital Environmental Model) data. Both models appear to successfully reproduce the distinct features of circulation in the East Sea/Japan Sea, such as the NB (Nearshore Branch) flowing along the Japanese coast, the EKWC (East Korean Warm Current) flowing northward along the Korean coast, and the NKCC/LCC (North Korean Cold Current/Liman Cold Current) flowing southwestward along Korean/Russian coast. RIAMOM has shown better performance, compared to MOM, in terms of the realistic simulation of the flow field in the East Sea/Japan Sea; RIAMOM has produced more rectified flows on the coastal region, for example, the narrower and stronger NKCC/LCC than MOM has. There is however obvious differences between the model results and the GDEM data in terms of the calculation of the water mass; both models have shown a tendency to overpredict temperature and underpredict salinity below 50m; more diffusive forms of thermocline and halocline have been simulated than noted in GDEM data.

• 한국지반공학회지:지반
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.71-78
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• 1995

본 논문에서는 RMR법이나 Q시스템 등의 암반분류법에서와 같이 암반을 여러 등급으로 분류하는 연구가 수행되었다. 특히, 정량적 자료가 제한된 상황에서의 정성적 자료의 체계적이고 합리적인 이용 방법이 모색되었다. 이를 위해서, 지구통계학(geostatistics)기법이 사용되었는데, 특히, 비모수적 방법 중의 하나인 지시크리깅(indicator kriging) 기법이 사용되었으며, 최적 분류를 위한 선택기준으로는 오차에 대응하는 비용(the cost of error)가 사용되었다. 결과적으로, 기존에 개발된 이분적 암반분류에서 다분적 암반분류로의 일반화가 가능하게 되었으며, 분류등 급의 총수에는 제한이 없다.

• Journal of Acupuncture & Meridian Studies
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.355-360
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• 2018

Introductions: Pneumothorax is the most frequent severe acupuncture-related adverse event occurring at the GB 21 acupoint. This study used ultrasonography (US) to measure the depth of the GB 21 acupoint in adults and assessed its applicability for ensuring safe acupuncture practices. Materials and methods: A US probe was used to measure the vertical depth from the skin to the pleural line of the apex of the lungs at the right and left GB 21 acupoints. The sex, age, body weight, height, and body mass index of each person were recorded. Student t test and generalized estimating equations were used for statistical analysis. Results: Sixty women and 41 men with a median age of 29 years were included in this study. The depth of GB 21 increased with body weight, height, and body mass index (p < 0.001). The mean depth of GB 21 in men (17.4 mm) was greater than that in women (14.6 mm; p < 0.001). The depth difference between the right and left shoulders was significant in men (p < 0.001) but not in women. Conclusions: US can be used to measure GB 21 acupoint depth. Further control studies on its use to ensure safe clinical practices, including preventing acupuncture-related pneumothorax, are warranted.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제85권6호
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• pp.729-742
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• 2023

It is a recent attraction to the mechanical scientists to investigate state of wave propagation, buckling and vibration in the sport balls to observe the importance of different parameters on the performance of the players and the quality of game. Therefore, in the present study, we aim to investigate the wave propagation in handball game ball in term of mass of the ball and geometrical parameters wit incorporation of the viscoelastic effects of the ball material into account. In this regard, the ball is modeled using thick shell structure and classical elasticity models is utilized to obtain the equation of motion via Hamilton's principle. The displacement field of the ball model is obtained using first order shear deformation theory. The resultant equations are solved with the aid of generalized differential quadrature method. The results show that mass of the ball and viscoelastic coefficient have considerable influence on the state of wave propagation in the ball shell structure.