• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.152-169
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of adjacentroads on the concentration of negative air ions in urban neighborhood park. The measured factors were negative air ion concentration, positive airion concentration, airtemperature,relative humidity, wind speed, green formation volume factor (GVZ) and distance from highway and general road. The mean negative air ion concentration was $206ea/cm^3$ and the positive air ion concentration was $416ea/cm^3$ in the influence zone of roads. On the other hand, the mean negative air ion was $339ea/cm^3$ and the positive air ion was $229ea/cm^3$ in the unaffected zone of roads, which are inner areas of the park. The difference of the negative air ion concentration according to the influence of the road was statistically significant. The negative air ion concentration model was presented by integrating the correlation analysis with the influence factors, and the explanatory power of the model was increased by adding the influence factor of the road.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.27-35
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to analyze the displacement characteristics in slow-moving landslide area using digital elevation model and airborne LiDAR when unpredictable disaster such as slow-moving landslide occurred. We also aimed to provide basic data for establishing a rapid, reasonable and effective restoration plan. In this study, slow-moving landslide occurrence cracks were selected through the airborne LiDAR data, and the topographic changes and the scale of occurrence were quantitatively analyzed. As a result of the analysis, the study area showed horseshoe shape similar to the general form of slow-moving landslide occurrence in Korea, and the direction of movement was in the north direction. The total area of slow-moving landslide damage was estimated to about 2.5ha, length of landsldie scrap 327.3m, average width 19.3m, and average depth 8.6m. The slow-moving landslides did not occur on a large scale but occurred on the adjacent slope where roads were located, caused damage to retaining walls and roads. The field survey of slow-moving landslides was limited by accessibility and safety issues, but there was an advantage that accurate analysis was possible through the airborne LiDAR. However, because airborne LiDAR has costly disadvantages, it has proposed a technique to mount LiDAR on UAV for rapidity, long-term monitoring. In a slow-moving landslide damage area, information such as direction of movement of cracks and change of scale should be acquired continuously to be used in restoration planning and prevention of damage.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.1-6
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• 2017

PURPOSES : Pavement textures can be categorized into four according to wavelength: microtexture, macrotexture, megatexture (roads), and roughness. Pavement surface texture influences a number of aspects of tire-pavement interaction such as wet-weather friction, tire-pavement noise, splash, spray, tire-wear, and rolling resistance. In particular, macrotexture is the pavement surface characteristic that considerably impacts tire-pavement noise. In general, it can be demonstrated that tire-pavement noise increases with the increase of texture depth and wavelength. Recently, mean profile depth (MPD) and wavelength have been used to evaluate tire-pavement noise. This study aimed to identify the relationship between mean profile depth and average wavelength for asphalt pavement based on the information obtained on a number of asphalt pavement sections. METHODS : Profile data were collected from a number of expressway sections in Korea. In addition, mean profile depth and average wavelength were calculated by using this profile data. Statistical analysis was performed to determine the correlationship between mean profile depth and average wavelength. RESULTS:This study demonstrates a linear relationship between mean profile depth and average wavelength for asphalt concrete pavement. CONCLUSIONS :The strong relationship between mean profile depth and average wavelength of asphalt pavement was determined in this study.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.102-108
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• 2014

Studies of non-point pollutant treatment facilities have widely been conducted for a decade, but natural non-point pollutant treatment facilities implemented on roads have not been carried out for the removal efficiency of non-point pollution sources. This study analyzed the removal efficiency of non-point pollution sources from constructed wetlands using monitoring and event mean concentration method. As a result of this study, removal efficiency of general non-point pollution sources as TSS, COD, BOD is relatively good, but removal efficiency of TN, TP, Cr, Zn, Pb is very small or nothing.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.127-133
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• 2015

PURPOSES: The purpose of this study is to develop a methodology to prioritize sidewalk construction on rural national highways. METHODS : In order to determine an appropriate prioritization for sidewalk construction, we developed a specific methodology. The proposed methodology includes three main steps: 1) Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) methods, 2) Subjective evaluation of relevant road agencies for the candidate sidewalks along rural national highways, and 3) Field study conduction. Each step has four phases. The primary feature of this methodology is the addition of expert consultation and survey data, as well as a field study. In addition, the method could guarantee flexibility in selection for evaluation criteria. As a result, the proposed methodology could be used as a general procedure for application to other roadway classifications when considering sidewalk construction. RESULTS: In order to demonstrate the reasonableness of the proposed methodology, a case study was performed for exactly 100 candidate sites for sidewalk construction on rural national highways. All required evaluation scores were properly produced for each candidate site. By doing so, decision-makers can determine the priority for sidewalk construction at these sites by reviewing quantitatively and qualitatively considered data. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the case study can be applied to a long-term fundamental plan for sidewalk construction on rural national highways. Furthermore, this methodology could be employed to prioritize a small-scale SOC project(e. g. bicycle or pedestrian roads).

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.121-130
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• 1997

The community health nursing process is essential in providing community health nursing service to the community. It helps to identify community health problems. to prioritize problems, to provide service. and to evaluate service results. However. it is very rare to find a study which applies the community health nursing process. This study intended to apply the community health nursing process to a urban community. The focus of the study was a community consisting of 533 families in a region of Seoul. The study process was as follows: 1) The data was collected by conducting interviews with community leaders and by collecting surveys from the people of the community. 2) The data was summarized and analyzed. 3) The community nursing diagnosis was identified. 4) The nursing diagnosis was prioritized. 5) The general and specific objectives for service were identified. 6) A specific nursing plan was set up. 7) A detailed evaluation plan was established. Four community nursing diagnoses were identified from the community. 1) The utilization rate of health center was found to be low due to lack of knowledge about the health center and low accessibility. 2) High trafic accident rate due to narrow roads. 3) High prevalence of chronic disease due to inappropriate health behavior. 4) High noise level and foul smell due to inappropriate waste management. Among the four community nursing diagnoses. 'High prevalence of chronic diseases was identified as a priority community nursing problem. The criteria for prioritizing community nursing problems were as follows: number of people involved, fragility of clients. severity of the problem. availability. of resources. concern of the people. readiness of nurses. relevance to the national policy. This study describes the general and specific objectives to solve the high prevalence of chronic health problems. nursing plans. and an evaluation plan.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.37-47
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• 2022

Recently, with the establishment of active stabilization measures, large-scale collapse of slopes is decreasing. However, the frequency of rockfalls due to the destabilization of floating stones or boulder within or above the slope has not been decreased significantly. As a measure for stabilizing rockfall and disaster prevention, protection methods such as rockfall barriers and rockfall protection nets are typically applied. However, the approach to catching the rockfall in a catchment area by reducing the energy of the rockfall and changing the rolling condition of the rockfall is relatively insignificant. Therefore, in this study, using a general-purpose rockfall simulation program, the change in the rolling characteristics of rockfall according to the specifications of the ditch installed under the slope was investigated. It is expected that the research results can be used as basic data to determine the specifications of the ditch that can be applied to general roads or trails.

• Atmosphere
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.69-81
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• 2024

In this paper, Annual flux variations in the Boseong Tall Tower (BTT) from 2016 to 2020 were analyzed using data from three levels (2.5 m, 60 m, and 300 m). BTT was installed in Boseong-gun, Jeollanam-do in February 2014 and continued to conduct energy exchange observations such as CO2, sensible heat, and latent heat using the eddy covariance method until March 2023. The BTT was located in a very flat and uniform paddy field, and flux observations were conducted at four levels: 2.5 m, 60 m, 140 m, and 300 m above ground. Surface energy balance was confirmed from observed data of net radiation flux, soil heat flux, sensible heat flux, and latent heat flux. Additionally, 2.5 m height surface fluxes, which are most influenced by agricultural land, were compared with data from Local Data Assimilation and Prediction System (LDAPS) of the Korea Meteorological Administration to evaluate the accuracy of LDAPS flux data. The correlation coefficient between LDAPS flux data and observed values was 0.95 or higher. Excluding summer latent heat flux data, there was a general tendency for LDAPS data to be higher than observed values. The footprint areas estimated below 60 m height mainly covered agricultural land, and flux observations at 2.5 m and 60 m heights showed typical agricultural characteristics. In contrast, the footprint estimated at 300 m height did not show agricultural characteristics, indicating that observations at this height encompassed a wide range, including mountains, sea, and roads. The analysis results of long-term flux observations can contribute to understanding the energy and carbon dioxide fluxes in agricultural fields. Furthermore, these results can be utilized as essential data for validating and improving numerical models related to such fluxes.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.317-336
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• 1992

The garden soils, main road dusts, residential road dusts, and playground soils/dusts of Seoul, Geumsan, Onsan, and Taebaek areas were analyzed in order to investigate the level of heavy metal pollution by urbanization and industrialization. The soil pH is in the range of 5.48~8.40 and was generally neutral. The color of soils and dusts is mainly Raw Umber to dark greyish Raw Umber. Some samples from Taebaek city, a coal mining area, showed a deep black color due to contamination by coal dusts. Major minerals of the dusts and soils are quartz, feldspars, and micas, reflecting the composition of the parent rocks. However, pyrite was found as a major mineral in the samples of industrial road dusts of Onsan, a smelting area, and resicential road dusts of Taebaek. Thus, the high level of heavy metals in mining and smelting areas can be explained with the sulfide minerals. The mode of occurences of heavy metals in Seoul, a comprehensive urbanized area, were related to the metallic pollutants and organic materials through observation by scanning eletron microscopy. In main road and residential road dusts of Onsan area, Cd, Zn, and Cu were extremely high. Some industrial road and residential road dusts of Seoul area showed high Cu, Zn, and Pb contents, wereas some garden soils and residential road dusts of Taebaek area were high in As content. In general, the heavy metal contents in dust samples were two to three times higher than those in soil samples. Main road dust samples were the most reflective from the discriminant analysis of multi-element data. Cadmium, Sb, and Se in Onsan area, As in Taebaek area, Pb and Te in Seoul area were most characteristic in discriminating the studied areas. Therefore, Cd in smelting areas, As in coal mining areas, and Pb in metropolitan areas can be suggested as the characteristic elements of each pollution pattern. The dispersion of heavy metal elements in urban areas tends to orignate in main roads and deposit in garden soils through the atmosphere and residential roads. The heavy metal contamination in Seoul is characteristic in areas with high population, factory, road, and traffic decsities. Heavy metal contents are high in the vicinity of smelters in Onsan area and are decayed to background levels from one kilometer away from the smelters.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.593-600
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• 2016

To understand the mechanical properties of rock masses and intact rock in Korea, data from 4,280 in situ and laboratory tests from 107 tunnels on general national roads were analyzed. The mechanical properties (unit weight, cohesion, friction angle, modulus of deformation, Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, uniaxial compressive strength, tensile strength, coefficient of permeability, and specific gravity) were analyzed by rock types and strength of rock in each rock type. The results of analysis, the mean specific gravity was highest in gneiss. The coefficient of permeability and Poisson's ratio show the highest mean values in granite and metamorphic rock, respectively. In addition, the unit weight, cohesion and friction angle in sedimentary rock, modulus of deformation, Young's modulus, uniaxial compressive strength and tensile strength in volcanic rock have the highest mean values. The values for each mechanical property showed wide ranges by the heterogeneity and anisotropy of rock masses in spite of detailed analysis by rock type and classification of rocks according to the strength.