• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.63-67
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• 2007

Biodegradable cationic poly(ester-amide) polymers were synthesized by double-monomer method, that showed excellent solubility in many organic solvents and water. Different degradation patterns were obtained by the regulation of monomer ratios and overall long period of time of DNA protection up to 12 days was shown by PicoGreen reagent assay. Good transfection profiles in the presence of serum and very low toxicity on mammalian cells may allow these polymers to become suitable for long-term gene delivery systems and therapeutic applications.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.123-127
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• 2014

Interleukin-32 (IL-32) is a cytokine inducing crucial inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}(TNF{\alpha})$ and IL-6 and its expression is elevated in various inflammatory autoimmune diseases, certain cancers, as well as viral infections. IL-32 gene was first cloned from activated T cells, however IL-32 expression was also found in other immune cells and non-immune cells. IL-32 gene was identified in most mammals except rodents. It is transcribed as multiple-spliced variants in the absence of a specific activity of each isoform. IL-32 has been studied mostly in clinical fields such as infection, autoimmune, cancer, vascular disease, and pulmonary diseases. It is difficult to investigate the precise role of IL-32 in vivo due to the absence of IL-32 gene in mouse. The lack of mouse IL-32 gene restricts in vivo studies and restrains further development of IL-32 research in clinical applications although IL-32 new cytokine getting a spotlight as an immune regulatory molecule processing important roles in autoimmune, infection, and cancer. In this review, we discuss the regulation and function of IL-32 in inflammatory bowel diseases and rheumatoid arthritis.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.637-642
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• 2021

In this study, we investigated whether eriodictyol exerts an effect on the production and gene expression of MUC5AC mucin in human pulmonary epithelial NCI-H292 cells. The cells were pretreated with eriodictyol for 30 min and then stimulated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) for 24 h. The effect of eriodictyol on PMA-induced nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway was also investigated. Eriodictyol suppressed the MUC5AC mucin production and gene expression induced by PMA via suppression of inhibitory kappa Bα degradation and NF-κB p65 nuclear translocation. These results suggest that eriodictyol inhibits mucin gene expression and production in human airway epithelial cells via regulation of the NF-κB signaling pathway.

• Environmental Mutagens and Carcinogens
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.274-278
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• 2002

Phthalates, suspected endocrine disruptor, are plasticizer and solvent used in industry, and some phthalates are known as potential carcinogen. Most common human exposure to this compounds may occur with contaminated food. It may migrate into food from plastic wrap or may enter food from general environmental contamination, and it has become widespread environmental pollutants, thus leading to a variety of phthalates that possibly threaten the public health. Dibutyl phthalate (DBP) may playa part of cell proliferator, which mediates changes in gene expression and the metabolism of xenobiotics. An understanding of the role of DBP in modulating gene regulation should provide insight regarding mechanisms of DBP induced xenoestrogenic impact. To elucidate the type of genes that are associated with estrogenic activity induced by DBP at the dose (10$^{-8}$ M) appeared proliferating effects, the pattern of gene expression in MCF7 cells was compared between 17$\beta$-estradiol and DBP exposure in the cDNA microarray. From the results, it showed some differences of gene expression patterns between MCF7 cells treated with 17$\beta$-estradiol and DBP, and also DBP shows estrogenic potential with changes in estrogen-related gene expression levels.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.437-448
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• 2016

Gene set analysis utilizing biologic information is expected to produce more interpretable results because the occurrence of tumors (or diseases) is believed to be associated with the regulation of related genes. Many methods have been developed to identify statistically significant gene sets across different phenotypes; however, most focus exclusively on either the differential gene expression or the differential correlation structure in the gene set. This research provides a new method that simultaneously considers the differential expression of genes and differential coexpression with multiple genes in the gene set. Application of this NEW method is illustrated with real microarray data example, p53; subsequently, a simulation study compares its type I error rate and power with GSEA, SAMGS, GSCA and GSNCA.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.93-101
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• 2011

The Hairless (HR ) gene regulates the expression of several target genes as a transcriptional corepressor of nuclear receptors. The hair follicle (HF), a small independent organ of the skin, resides in the epidermis and undergoes regenerative cycling for normal hair formation. HF development requires many genes and signaling pathways to function properly in time and space, one of them being the HR gene. Various mutations of the HR gene have been reported to cause the hair loss pheno-type in rodents and humans. In recent studies, it has been suggested that the HR gene is a critical player in the regulation of the hair cycle and, thus, HF development. Furthermore, the HR gene is associated with the Wnt signaling pathway, which regulates proliferation and differentiation of cells and plays an essential role in hair and skin development. In this review, we summarize the mutations responsible for human hair disorders and discuss the roles of the HR gene in HF development.

• Journal of Photoscience
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.129-133
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• 2005

The psbC gene, encoding the intrinsic chlorophyll-binding protein of CP43, one of the PS core complex polypeptides, was cloned from the Panax ginseng chloroplast, which is composed of 1,422 nucleotides and the overall nucleotide sequence shows more than 84% identity to those of eukaryotic photosynthetic organisms. The predicted topology of CP43, based on hydropathy analysis, includes six membrane-spanning ${\alpha}-helices$ resulting in three lumenal and four stromal loops. The putative translation start codon for the psbC gene is located at 48 nucleotides upstream from the stop codon of the psbD gene whose product is also a component of the PSII reaction center, implying that the promoter of the psbC gene is possibly located in the middle of the structural gene of the psbD gene. Northern blot analysis of the in vivo accumulation of the psbC transcript from the plants grown under the various growth light intensities (5%, 10%, 20%, and 100%) of daylight indicated that the steady-state level of the psbC transcript was not significantly affected by light intensity.

• International Journal of Stem Cells
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.80-90
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• 2024

Cellular senescence causes cell cycle arrest and promotes permanent cessation of proliferation. Since the senescence of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) reduces proliferation and multipotency and increases immunogenicity, aged MSCs are not suitable for cell therapy. Therefore, it is important to inhibit cellular senescence in MSCs. It has recently been reported that metabolites can control aging diseases. Therefore, we aimed to identify novel metabolites that regulate the replicative senescence in MSCs. Using a fecal metabolites library, we identified nervonic acid (NA) as a candidate metabolite for replicative senescence regulation. In replicative senescent MSCs, NA reduced senescence-associated 𝛽-galactosidase positive cells, the expression of senescence-related genes, as well as increased stemness and adipogenesis. Moreover, in non-senescent MSCs, NA treatment delayed senescence caused by sequential subculture and promoted proliferation. We confirmed, for the first time, that NA delayed and inhibited cellular senescence. Considering optimal concentration, duration, and timing of drug treatment, NA is a novel potential metabolite that can be used in the development of technologies that regulate cellular senescence.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.172-183
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• 2017

Vitamin A and its metabolites modulate insulin resistance and regulate stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1), which are also known to affect insulin resistance. Here, we tested, whether vitamin A-mediated changes in insulin resistance markers are associated with SCD1 regulation or not. For this purpose, 30-week old male lean and glucose-intolerant obese rats of WNIN/GR-Ob strain were given either a stock or vitamin A-enriched diet, i.e. 2.6 mg or 129 mg vitamin A/kg diet, for 14 weeks. Compared to the stock diet, vitamin A-enriched diet feeding improved hyperglycemia and glucose-clearance rate in obese rats and no such changes were seen in lean rats receiving identical diets. These changes were corroborated with concomitant increase in circulatory insulin and glycogen levels of liver and muscle (whose insulin signaling pathway genes were up-regulated) in obese rats. Further, the observed increase in muscle glycogen content in these obese rats could be explained by increased levels of the active form of glycogen synthase, the key regulator of glycogen synthesis pathway, possibly inactivated through increased phosphorylation of its upstream inhibitor, glycogen synthase kinase. However, the unaltered hepatic SCD1 protein expression (despite decreased mRNA level) and increased muscle-SCD1 expression (both at gene and protein levels) suggest that vitamin A-mediated changes on glucose metabolism are not associated with SCD1 regulation. Chronic consumption of vitamin A-enriched diet improved hyperglycemia and glucose-intolerance, possibly, through the regulation of intracellular signaling and glycogen synthesis pathways of muscle and liver, but not associated with SCD1.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.565-573
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• 2009

The pig could be a useful model to characterize molecular aspects determining several delicate phenotypes because they have been bred for those characteristics. The Korean native pig (KNP) is a regional breed in Korea that was characterized by relatively high intramuscular fat content and reddish meat color compared to other western breeds such as Yorkshire (YS). YS grew faster and contained more lean muscle than KNP. We compared the KNP to Yorksire to find molecular clues determining muscle characteristics. The comparison of skeletal gene expression profiles between these two breeds showed molecular differences in muscle. We found 82 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) defined by fold change (more than 1.5 fold difference) and statistical significance (within 5% of false discovery rate). Functional analyses of these DEGs indicated up-regulation of most genes involved in cell cycle arrest, down-regulation of most genes involved in cellular differentiation and its inhibition, down-regulation of most genes encoding component of muscular-structural system, and up-regulation of most genes involved in diverse metabolism in KNP. Especially, DEGs in above-mentioned categories included a large number of genes encoding proteins directly or indirectly involved in p53 pathway. Our results indicated a possible role of p53 to determine muscle characteristics between these two breeds.