• Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.229-239
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• 2009

Molecular imaging strives to visualize processes in living subjects at the molecular level. Monitoring biochemical processes at this level will allow us to directly track biological processes and signaling events that lead to pathophysiological abnormalities, and help make personalized medicine a reality by allowing evaluation of therapeutic efficacies on an individual basis. Although most molecular imaging techniques emerged from the field of oncology, they have now gradually gained acceptance by the cardiovascular community. Hence, the availability of dedicated high-resolution small animal imaging systems and specific targeting imaging probes is now enhancing our understanding of cardiovascular diseases and expediting the development of newer therapies. Examples include imaging approaches to evaluate and track the progress of recent genetic and cellular therapies for treatment of myocardial ischemia. Other areas include in vivo monitoring of such key molecular processes as angiogenesis and apoptosis, Cardiovascular molecular imaging is already an important research tool in preclinical experiments. The challenge that lies ahead is to implement these techniques into the clinics so that they may help fulfill the promise of molecular therapies and personalized medicine, as well as to resolve disappointments and controversies surrounding the field.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.111-115
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• 2010

A 15-year-old female with primary amenorrhea and Tuner's syndrome feature was referred for a chromosome analysis. The karyotype of the patient was 45,X/46,X,der(Y) mosaicism under initial GTG-banding analysis. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis with probe for CEP X probes and SRY probe (Vysis, Inc. Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA) was carried out. This probe is direct labeled with SpectrumOrange (SRY, Yp11.3) and is available as a single probe or mixed with the CEP X SpectrumGreen probe. SRY SpectrumOrange/CEP X SpectrumGreen hybridized to a specimen obtained from an two isodicentric Y chromosomes. The karyotype of the patient was ish Xcen(DXZ1x1)/Xcen(DXZ1x1), Yp11.3(SRYx2) by using FISH. This karyotype was considered a variant of Tuner syndrome with mixed gonadal dysgenesis (MGD), male pseudohermaphroitism (MPH) and apparently normal male.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.1919-1924
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• 2015

Polymorphisms in the region of the interleukin IL-28 gene on chromosome 19 have been related with clearance of hepatitis C virus (HCV), a major human pathogen responsible for chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. About 3% of the world's population is infected with HCV. The long-term response to therapy is influenced by many host and viral factors, and recent evidence has indicated that some host genetic polymorphisms related to IL-28 are the most powerful predictors of virological response in patients with HCV. This study assessed frequency of the IL-28 polymorphism (rs8099917) in 50 patients (39 men and 11 women) with chronic hepatitis C using ZNA probe real time PCR new method. All patients were tested for genotype of HCV and the HCV viral load. In parallel, the levels of SGOT, SGPT and ALK enzymes were assessed. Treatment using Peg-interferon alpha with ribavirin was conducted for patients and subsequently samples were collected to detect any change in viral load or liver enzyme rates. The overall frequency of the TT allele is 74%, TG allele 20% and GG allele 6% and the percent of patients who had T allele was 84%. Clear reduction in viral load and liver enzymes was reported in patients with the T allele. Especially for genotype 1 which is relatively resistant to treatment, these alleles may have a role in this decline. In conclusion, we showed that IL-28 polymorphism rs8099917 strongly predicts virological response in HCV infection and that real-time PCR with Zip nucleic acid probes is a sensitive, specific and rapid detection method for detection of SNPs which will be essential for monitoring patients undergoing antiviral therapy.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.143-149
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• 2000

From the soils of soybean fields in Cotton Branch Station (CBS) and Pine Tree Station (PTS), Arkansas, USA, various single spore isloates of sudden death syndrome (SDS) pathogen were obtained on modified Nash ＆ Snyder's medium (MNSM) with dilution plating technique and transferred to potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium to identify the cultural colony shape. The colony shapes of these isolates resembled F. solani isolate 171 which was white and chalky shaped on MNSM and most of them had unique form of morphology which produced white margin and blue center colony on PDA. Although, some of these isolates had more dark blue or showed slightly different color, all isolates that were selected randomly for green-house inoculation assay produced typical foliar symptoms on leaves of soybean, Hartz 6686. To determine the genetic differences among the isolates, mitochondrial DNA restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) was conducted with fourty isolates from both fields, using mtDNA probes, 2U18 and 4U40, derived from Colletotrichum orbiculare. We obtained distinctive RFLPs in each treatment of restriction enzyme, EcoRI and HaeⅢ. Isolates, 11-2-5 and 14-3-1-1, from CBS and isolates, 104-3-1-2 and 701-1-5-1, from PTS showed different band patterns from 171 in both or in either treatment of restriction enzymes. Even if some of these isolates showed heterogeneous, they were more closer to 171 than PN603. And, also, rest of the thirty-six isolates had exactly same polymorphisms as 171 in each treatment of restriction enzyme. Although, some of the isolates showed the different morphological shape on PDA and slightly different band patterns on RFLPs, all of the isolates selected on MNSM due to their distinctive colony shape from other fungi produced the typical foliar symptoms on soybean leaves in greenhouse inoculation assay. It might be suggested that these isolates were not genetically different from check isolate 171 and they were unique strain of F. solani.

• Journal of Genetic Medicine
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.23-26
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• 1998

Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) is an autosomal dominant neuromuscular disorder which has been clinically shown to cause progressive weakness and result in atrophy of the facial muscles, shoulder girdle and upper arm muscles. The responsible gene for the FSHD has been located on chromosome 4q35-qter. The probes p13E-11 and pFR-1 detect DNA rearrangements associated with FSHD as under 28 kb DNA fragment in genomic southern analysis digested with EcoRI and the fragment contains 3.3 kb Kpn I tandem repeats. In this study, 4 fetuses with a family history of FSHD were analysed by genomic southern hybridization analysis with probes to determine whether they carried the deleted region. Of the 4 fetuses, three of them had mothers who were FSHD patients and the other one had a father affected with FSHD. After 10-11 weeks of gestation, we performed chorionic villi sampling and extracted DNA from uncultured and cultured tissue cells for the direct DNA analysis. The result of the southern analysis showed two fetuses having received about 15-18 kb of deleted genes from the father and the mother respectively, and found to be FSHD patients. The other two fetuses were shown to have two normal alleles from the parents and found to be normal. Two pregnancies which were determined to be normal were carried to term delivering two healthy babies.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.415-422
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• 2009

This study aimed to develop carnation cultivars with new coloring system. We used four genes of Petunia hybrida - chalcone synthase (CHS), flavanone 3-hydroxylase (FHT), dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR), and anthocyanidin synthase (ANS) - as probes, in order to isolate four genes from carnations (Dianthus Caryophyllus). The isolated genes were used as probes in order to select mutants out of collected carnations, using Northern blot analysis. The Northern blot analysis revealed 10 DFR mutants - Gumbyul, Eunbyul, Ballatyne, Crystal, Eugenia, Koreno, Imp. White Sim, West Crystal, White Alpine, and White Charotte. Six among the selected 10 cultivarswere excluded from the target cultivars, because Eugenia, Imp. White Sim, and White Alpine were proved to be double mutants of DFR and ANS, Koreno was considered to be a double mutant of DFR and CHS, and Gumbyul and Ballatyne were proved to be double mutants of DFR and CHI (Chalcone isomerase). Consequently, we selected five DFR mutants, including Virginie, which was already selected as a DFR mutant. Finally, we measured DFR activities in order to confirm the selection, and the results showed that all of the five cultivars - Eunbyul, Crystal, West Crystal, White Charotte, and Virginie - had got no DFR activity.

• Gut and Liver
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.641-647
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• 2018

Background/Aims: Helicobacter pylori eradication rates are decreasing because of increases in clarithromycin resistance. Thus, finding an easy and accurate method of detecting clarithromycin resistance is important. Methods: We evaluated 70 H. pylori isolates from Korean patients. Dual-labeled peptide nucleic acid (PNA) probes were designed to detect resistance associated with point mutations in 23S ribosomal ribonucleic acid gene domain V (A2142G, A2143G, and T2182C). Data were analyzed by probe-based fluorescence melting curve analysis based on probe-target dissociation temperatures and compared with Sanger sequencing. Results: Among 70 H. pylori isolates, 0, 16, and 58 isolates contained A2142G, A2143G, and T2182C mutations, respectively. PNA probe-based analysis exhibited 100.0% positive predictive values for A2142G and A2143G and a 98.3% positive predictive value for T2182C. PNA probe-based analysis results correlated with 98.6% of Sanger sequencing results (${\kappa}$-value=0.990; standard error, 0.010). Conclusions: H. pylori clarithromycin resistance can be easily and accurately assessed by dual-labeled PNA probe-based melting curve analysis if probes are used based on the appropriate resistance-related mutations. This method is fast, simple, accurate, and adaptable for clinical samples. It may help clinicians choose a precise eradication regimen.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.51-60
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• 1993

The polyhedrin gene-containing DNA fragment of Hyphantria cunea nuclear polyhedrosis virus (HcNPV) was localized by southern hybridization with Autographa california CPA EcoRI-I fragment (7.3 kb), Bombyx mori NPV PatI-F fragment (7 kb) and synthetic oligonucleotide(30-mer) as probes. the PstI-L(5.3 kb) fragment of HcNPV was cloned to E. coli and the plasmid of the fragment was named as pHcP-L(8.0 kb). The pHcP-L was physically mapped and subcloned to E. coli as pHcP-L1(4.7 kb), pHcP-L2(7.1 kb), pHcP-L3(5.3 kb), pHcP-L4(4.2 kb) and pHcP-L5(4.5 kb).

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.16 no.12
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• pp.1841-1848
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• 2006

Insights into gene expression have the potential for improvement of antibiotic yield and the development of robust production hosts for use in recombinant biomolecule production. $Cubicin^{TM}$ (daptomycin for injection) is a recently approved antibiotic active against many Gram(+) pathogens, including those resistant to methicillin, vancomycin, and fluoroquinolones. Daptomycin is produced as a secondary metabolite by Streptomyces roseosporus. A 128 kb region of DNA including the daptomycin biosynthetic gene cluster (dpt) has been cloned. and sequenced. Using a selected array of nucleic acid probes representing this region, we compared the expression levels of the dpt genes between S. roseosporus wild-type (WT) and derived S. roseosporus high-producer of daptomycin (HP). We observed that the majority of the biosynthetic genes were upregulated in HP compared with WT; a total of 12 genes, including those encoding daptomycin synthetase, showed consistently and significantly higher expression levels, at least 5-fold, in HP compared with WT. In contrast, some genes, flanking the dpt cluster, were expressed at higher levels in the WT strain. The expression of housekeeping genes such as S. roseosporus rpsL, rpsG, and 16S (positive controls) and presumptive intergenic regions in the dpt cluster (negative control) were identical in the two strains. In addition, we compared transcription during the early, mid-log, and early-stationary phases of growth in the HP strain. The same set of genes was upregulated and downregulated under all conditions examined; housekeeping genes showed no relative change in expression level over the periods of growth tested. Analyses of this type would be of value in studies of strain improvement and also for the identification of gene regulation processes that are important for secondary metabolite production.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.46-55
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• 2007

The convergence of molecular and genetic disciplines with non-invasive imaging technologies has provided an opportunity for earlier detection of disease processes which begin with molecular and cellular abnormalities. This emerging field, known as molecular imaging, is a relatively new discipline that has been rapidly developed over the past decade. It endeavors to construct a visual representation, characterization, and quantification of biological processes at the molecular and cellular level within living organisms. One of the goals of molecular imaging is to translate our expanding knowledge of molecular biology and genomic sciences into good patient care. The practice of molecular imaging is still largely experimental, and only limited clinical success has been achieved. However, it is anticipated that molecular imaging will move increasingly out of the research laboratory and into the clinic over the next decade. Non-invasive in vivo molecular imaging makes use of nuclear, magnetic resonance, and in vivo optical imaging systems. Recently, an interest in Positron Emission Tomography (PET) has been revived, and along with optical imaging systems PET is assuming new, important roles in molecular genetic imaging studies. Current PET molecular imaging strategies mostly rely on the detection of probe accumulation directly related to the physiology or the level of reporter gene expression. PET imaging of both endogenous and exogenous gene expression can be achieved in animals using reporter constructs and radio-labeled probes. As increasing numbers of genetic markers become available for imaging targets, it is anticipated that a better understanding of genomics will contribute to the advancement of the molecular genetic imaging field. In this report, the principles of non-invasive molecular genetic imaging, its applications and future directions are discussed.