• 유통과학연구
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.33-39
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• 2016

Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of gender differences in DNA on consumer buying behavior both online and offline and other buying channels to find out effective sales promotion strategies of enterprises. Research design, data, and methodology - This study investigated the relation between chromosome and DNA, DNA and gene, and gene and human behavior of gender. The study shows generic characteristics have influence upon consumers' buying behavior and inclination, and examined the effects of genetic characteristics depending upon the difference of gender DNA upon consumers' buying behavior. Results - Precedent studies on genetics and ethology showed close relations between chromosome and DNA, DNA and gene, and gene and buying behavior of the gene. 'Hunting and protection', one of the genetic characteristics in men's DNA, had great influence upon the consumers' different buying behavior. Conclusion - Gender DNA difference in genetics and ethology disclosed fundamental reasons for the difference in buying behavior and inclination of men and women. It gives implications that marketing strategies of advertising and sales promotion should be made in different ways depending upon men and women.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.58-73
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• 2020

Sleep is an essential physiological process, especially for proper brain function through the formation of new pathways and processing information and cognition. Therefore, when sleep is insufficient, this can result in pathophysiologic conditions. Sleep deficiency is a risk factor for various conditions, including dementia, diabetes, and obesity. Recent studies have shown that there are differences in the prevalence of sleep disorders between genders. Insomnia, the most common type of sleep disorder, has been reported to have a higher incidence in females than in males. However, sex/gender differences in other sleep disorder subtypes are not thoroughly understood. Currently, increasing evidence suggests that gender issues should be considered important when prescribing medicine. Therefore, an investigation of the gender-dependent differences in sleep disorders is required. In this review, we first describe sex/gender differences not only in the prevalence of sleep disorders by category but in the efficacy of sleep medications. In addition, we summarize sex/gender differences in the impact of sleep disorders on incident dementia. This may help understand gender-dependent pathogenesis of sleep disorders and develop therapeutic strategies in men and women.

• 대한치매학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.107-114
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• 2024

Background and Purpose: Each item in the instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) questionnaire has differential importance to an individual's life functioning based on gender. However, IADL has mostly been utilized for its total score alone, without gender specificity. We identify the impact of each item on the transition from amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) to Alzheimer's disease dementia (ADD), and determine if the impact of each item differs by gender. Methods: Subjects were aMCI or ADD with a global clinical dementia rating of 0.5 or 1. The sample size was 146 men and 154 women. We used logistic regression analysis to determine the effect of each item of IADL on the transition from aMCI to ADD. Results: The odds ratio (OR) for "remembering recent events" had similar values: 27.2 for men, and 27.7 for women. Gender difference was identified in the item with the highest OR value. For women, the "using transportation" item was 63.3, and for men, "conducting financial affairs" was overwhelmingly high at 89.1. Conclusions: Functional decline on items with relatively higher ORs may indicate higher probability of a transition from aMCI to ADD. The OR of "conducting financial affairs" was relatively higher for both genders. In terms of gender differences, "conducting home repair" for men, and "using transportation" for women, have relatively higher impact. This study demonstrates that during the transition from aMCI to ADD, each item of IADL shows a staggered decline in functioning, and that this decline is gender-specific.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.239-251
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• 2009

This study aims to examine how much Korean's family value orientations and gender role attitudes are different from those of U.S.A., Sweden, and Japan, and how demographic variables influence family value orientations and gender role attitudes across the countries. By using 2004 Korea General Social Survey data and 2002 International Social Survey Program family module, multiple regression analyses showed that Korean's family value orientations and gender role attitudes were much more traditional than those of U.S.A., Sweden, and Japan, even after controlling demographic variables. Furthermore, each country showed a distinct pattern in the impact of demographic variables on family value orientations and gender role attitudes. Among the demographic variables, age and marital status were statistically significant indicators of family value orientations for all the countries. However, gender, the year of education, and employment status effected on family value orientations only in some countries. The findings of this study showed that Korea was still traditional in terms of family value orientations and gender role attitudes, compared with U.S.A, Sweden, and Japan. Although family value orientations were more traditional in Korea than in the other countries, all the countries showed similar patterns of explaining mechanism in the effect of demographic variables on family value orientations. People who were men and married were likely to be more traditional than those who were women and unmarried. However, gender role attitudes showed interesting results. All the demographic variables were significant predictors of gender role attitudes for Korea, whereas only some of demographic variables were statistically significant indicators of gender role attitudes for other countries. That is, Korean society showed strong attitudinal differences on the basis of demographic variables. The implication of these differences was discussed.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.135-144
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• 2021

This study investigates the impact of gender diversity on the board of directors on corporate intellectual capital (IC) disclosure in Indonesia. For the study purpose, the sample was divided into two sections, i.e., companies with large capitalizations and companies with small capitalizations. A paired T-test was used to observe significant changes in the disclosure level between period and type of firm. Using linear regression analysis, the influence of gender diversity and other variables on IC disclosure was examined. The findings show that IC disclosure varies for large and small companies. The level of IC disclosure in large companies was stronger than in small companies. The results of the multivariate analysis showed that the profitability, leverage, ownership, and type of business of the company significantly affect IC disclosure. For companies with large capitalization, the presence of women directors on corporate boards or gender diversity on corporate boards does not impact IC disclosure. This is because the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) does not insist on IC disclosure. However, for small companies, the existence of gender diversity has a significant effect on IC disclosure. The findings of this study suggest that policymakers and standard makers must consider the inclusion of IC disclosure on the annual report as mandatory.

• 한국전자통신학회논문지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.165-174
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• 2021

본 연구는 성별에 따른 과학기술분야 국가 R&D 연구성과에 어떠한 차이가 있는지 비교하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 이를 위하여 Web of Science에 수록된 1990년부터 2018년까지 과학기술분야 SCI 등재 논문과 국가과학기술지식정보서비스(NTIS)의 2007년~2016년까지 10년간의 국가R&D 성과 논문을 매핑하여 분석을 실시하였다. 구체적으로 평균 피인용 횟수, Time-lag, Impact factor의 세 가지 지표를 기반으로 성별에 따른 과학기술분야 연구성과 차이를 살펴본 결과, 연구성과의 전반적인 지형은 여전히 남성중심적으로 구성되어 있었으며, 남녀 간의 주요 연구성과를 구성하는 주제분야의 차이 역시 매우 두드러졌다. 한편, 10개 주제분야를 대상으로 한 피인용 횟수와 Impact factor에서는 여성 연구자의 연구성과 피인용 횟수 및 Impact factor가 더욱 높은 것으로 확인되었다.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제19권10호
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• pp.119-132
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• 2021

본 연구는 기업가정신에 있어 성별 간 차이가 나타나는 현상 자체가 아닌 기업가정신의 성별 차이를 발생시키는 사회적 맥락의 영향을 확인하는 데에 초점을 둔다. 구체적으로 본 연구는 글로벌 기업가정신 트렌드 리포트(GETR)의 20개국 데이터를 사용하여 사회적 맥락이 성별과 기업가정신 간 관계에 미치는 조절효과를 검증하였다. 사회적 맥락의 함의와 관련된 가설검증을 위하여, 본 연구에서는 Hofstede의 문화차원 요인인 권력 거리, 개인주의, 남성성, 불확실성 회피와 제도적 요인인 양성평등, 사회보장을 사회적 맥락을 반영하는 구체적 변수로 사용하였다. GLM을 사용한 실증분석 결과 성별은 기업가 정신에 독립적으로 영향을 미치지 않았으며, 성별은 각각 권력 거리, 개인주의, 불확실성 회피, 양성 평등, 사회 보장 변수와 상호 작용하여 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이와 같은 본 연구의 결과는 기업가정신의 성별 차이가 각 성별에 내재된 고유의 특성에 기인한 것이 아니라, 개인이 속한 그 국가의 사회적 맥락 수준에 따라 나타날 수 있음을 시사한다.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.425-437
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• 2008

The global trend for women's policy has selected gender mainstreaming to change unequal gender relation. The gender mainstreaming means that the gender perspective is integrated into all policy processes to accomplish gender equality. In other words, 'gender' should be considered as a basic factor such as classes, regions, and races when a policy is established and implemented. The government has implemented various gender mainstreaming policies to integrate gender perspectives. This study is to examine officials' perception about various gender mainstreaming policies. The survey was conducted for Daejeon city officials (699 men and 457 women). Officials' perception is very important, because it is an important means used as a tool in shaping and implementing policies. Variables such as gender, age, position, length of service, work place, etc. were chosen and the differences between variables were analyzed. The analysis showed that gender mainstreaming policies were perceived as ones only for women. Therefore, various education programs according to gender, age, position and length of service should be developed to improve the effectiveness of gender mainstreaming policies. In addition, education programs for officials to improve gender sensitiveness should be developed and expanded.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.81-90
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• 2006

Despite the government promoting women's participation in the engineering field, some statistics show that it has yet to be achieved. Potential reasons for this phenomenon include lower level of applications by women, or inherent gender gap in the professional field. Therefore, this study attempted to find impact of gender on college admission from the Lens Model perspective and Signal Detection Theory. This study consisted of three phases: identifying the necessary cues used in the admission process, analyzing existing data, and conducting two experiments to identify the effect of gender on admission decisions. Although the college application consisted of many cues, only five cues, school ranking, GPA, SAT score, resident status, and gender, were used to capture the officers' judgment policies for engineering admissions. Two experiments were conducted to investigate the impact of the gender factor in college admission. The enrollment officers first were presented with the existing data without the gender and asked to make dichotomous judgments. Secondly, the officers were asked to perform the judgment task with the gender cue present. Results showed that the gender did not play an important role in the judgments as expected. However, ideographical analyses on judgment strategies revealed that there were significant differences between the admission officers. Possible training implications are discussed.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.447-456
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• 2022

본 연구는 대학생의 양성평등의식이 결혼관과 자녀관에 미치는 영향을 확인하고자 하였다. 설문지를 이용하여 남녀평등의식, 결혼관, 자녀관에 대한 인식 수준을 파악하였다. 연구를 위한 조사는 S시의 대학생 205명을 대상으로 하였다. 자료분석은 SPSS 28.0 프로그램을 사용하여 빈도, 백분율, 평균, 표준편차, t-test, one-way ANOVA, 피어슨 상관계수, 다중회귀분석을 실시하였다. 대학생의 양성평등의식 수준은 평균 4.23점으로 나타났으며 여학생이 남학생보다 높게 나타났다. 대학생의 양성평등의식은 결혼관, 자녀관과 음의 상관관계를 보였다. 양성평등의식의 하위영역 중 가정생활 영역에서 결혼관과 자녀관에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 즉 가정생활 영역의 양성평등의식이 높을수록 결혼관에 대하여 개방적이었으며 자녀가 필요하다는 인식은 낮은 것으로 확인되었다. 대학생의 긍정적인 결혼관 및 자녀관을 형성시키기 위하여, 남녀간의 균형잡힌 양성평등의식을 향상시키기 위한 교육프로그램이 개발되어야 할 것이다.