• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.53-60
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• 2016

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to examine the magnitude of and the factors associated with the downward mobility of first-episode psychiatric patients. Methods: This study used the claims data from the Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service. The study population included 19 293 first-episode psychiatric inpatients diagnosed with alcohol use disorder (International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision [ICD-10] code F10), schizophrenia and related disorders (ICD-10 codes F20-F29), and mood disorders (ICD-10 codes F30-F33) in the first half of 2005. This study included only National Health Insurance beneficiaries in 2005. The dependent variable was the occurrence of downward mobility, which was defined as a health insurance status change from National Health Insurance to Medical Aid. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess factors associated with downward drift of first-episode psychiatric patients. Results: About 10% of the study population who were National Health Insurance beneficiaries in 2005 became Medical Aid recipients in 2007. The logistic regression analysis showed that age, gender, primary diagnosis, type of hospital at first admission, regular use of outpatient clinic, and long-term hospitalization are significant predictors in determining downward drift in newly diagnosed psychiatric patients. Conclusions: This research showed that the downward mobility of psychiatric patients is affected by long-term hospitalization and medical care utilization. The findings suggest that early intensive intervention might reduce long-term hospitalization and the downward mobility of psychiatric patients.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.2579-2581
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• 2016

Background: Neuroendocrine tumors represent 20% of primary lung neoplasms in some registries. According to the WHO classification of 2004, reconsidered for 2015, these lung tumors are divided into 4 groups: typical and atypical carcinoid, small cell and large cell neuroendocrine carcinomas. We report in this paper, for the first time in Lebanon, the distribution and the population characteristics of these tumors. Materials and Methods: This descriptive retrospective study concerned all the pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors (NET) with their characteristics diagnosed in $H\hat{o}tel$ Dieu de France in Beirut, Lebanon from 2001 to 2012, with attention to features like age, gender and subgroup. Results: Of 194 patients with pulmonary NET, 12.4% were typical carcinoid tumors, 3.6% atypical carcinoid, 66.5% small cell lung cancer, 7.7% combined small cell carcinomas and 9.8% large cell neuroendocrine tumors. The mean ages of patients were respectively 51.2 years in typical carcinoid, 64 years in atypical carcinoid, 64.2 years in small cell lung cancers, 67.2 in combined small cell lung cancer and 66.9 in large cells neuroendocrine tumors. The M/F sex ratios were respectively 0.3, 1.3, 1.4, 2.7 and 2.2. Conclusions: The characteristics of lung neuroendocrine tumors in our Lebanese institution are comparable to those reported in the literature.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.631-634
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• 2006

The national standard physique research of Korea is being conducted every 5$\sim$6 year term after its first research was started in 1979. The result of the national physique research was reflected in manufactured goods design of allied industries such as clothing, shoes, furniture. In this thesis, we measured anthropometry value for every bodily figurative classification after dividing users according to gender, age, bodily figure using the result of the national standard physique research. We constructed 3D character through the process of analyzing interrelation of measured anthropometry and measuring representative category. For the process for organization, we measured anthropometry which can express sports action of golf, tennis and etc effectively. We made it by presenting measurement which is able to form each type of 3D character after the category was decided. Quantitative and objective valuation for posture and action became possible by developing visible information offer and posture action analysis protocol in theoretical approach for analysis of posture and action in sports.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.47 no.5
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• pp.298-305
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• 2017

Objective: This paper describes changes in the characteristics of patients seeking orthodontic treatment over the past decade and the treatment they received, to identify any seasonal variations or trends. Methods: This single-center retrospective cohort study included all patients who presented to Seoul National University Dental Hospital for orthodontic diagnosis and treatment between January 1, 2005 and December 31, 2015. The study analyzed a set of heterogeneous variables grouped into the following categories: demographic (age, gender, and address), clinical (Angle Classification, anomaly, mode of orthodontic treatment, removable appliances for Phase 1 treatment, fixed appliances for Phase 2 treatment, orthognathic surgery, extraction, mini-plate, mini-implant, and patient transfer) and time-related variables (date of first visit and orthodontic treatment time). Time series analysis was applied to each variable. Results: The sample included 14,510 patients with a median age of 19.5 years. The number of patients and their ages demonstrated a clear seasonal variation, which peaked in the summer and winter. Increasing trends were observed for the proportion of male patients, use of non-extraction treatment modality, use of ceramic brackets, patients from provinces outside the Seoul region at large, patients transferred from private practitioners, and patients who underwent orthognathic surgery performed by university surgeons. Decreasing trends included the use of metal brackets and orthodontic treatment time. Conclusions: Time series analysis revealed a seasonal variation in some characteristics, and several variables showed changing trends over the past decade.

• Journal for History of Mathematics
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.77-95
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to draw implication for the teacher education program in association with creativity through analysing teaching behavior for fostering creativity of the mathematics teachers at the primary and secondary schools. In order to do so, a survey was performed by sampling primary, middle, and high school teachers. According to the results, there is significant difference in teachers' behavior for fostering creativity in the perspective of school classification (primary and secondary school), but not gender, region, and career of teachers. In other words, there is significant difference in teaching behaviors for fostering creativity between primary and secondary school teachers, herein the score of teaching behavior of former is higher than latter. Furthermore, the result of teachers' recognition survey on the possibility of fostering students' creativity via education shows that the teachers of primary schools are more relatively positive than those of secondary schools on the matter.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.6-10
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• 2015

Background and Objective : Papillary thyroid microcarcinoma(PTMC) is known as slow growing cancer with good prognosis. However, extrathyroidal extension may increase the risk of cervical lymph node metastasis and local invasion to surrounding structures. The aim of this study was to assess the characteristic features of the tumor invading the posterior thyroid capsule. Material and Methods : We made a retrospective review of 123 PTMC patients with thyroid capsule invasion, pathologically staged as T3 or T4. 74 patients (60.2%) had invasion to posterior thyroid capsule (group A) while 49 patients (39.8%) had invasion to-anterior thyroid capsule or anterior wall of trachea (group B). We assessed the clinicopathologic factors of the patients according to the location of capsular invasion of PTMC. Results : There was no difference regarding age, gender, T and N classification and incidence of lymph node metastasis between two groups. Local invasion rate to recurrent laryngeal nerve was 6.8% in patients with posterior thyroid capsule invasion, while the incidence was zero in those with capsular invasion to other locations Conclusion : Increased risk of local invasion to the recurrent laryngeal nerve should be considered in patients with PTMC presenting invasion of the posterior capsule.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.69-76
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• 2013

Purpose : The purpose of this study is to look into relationship between job stress and self esteem, job satisfation in rehabilition professional physical therapist. Method : The subjects of this study were consist of 200 physical therapists of Busan rehabilition hospital. Data were collected from September 1 to October 4 in 2012 by structurated questionnaires. Results : Physical therapist Job satisfaction and gender classification according to self esteem were statistically significant differences respectively(T=2.02, P=.044), (T=2.17, P=.031). Job satisfaction and age according to the therapist according to the number of job stress were statistically significant differences respectively(F=3.57, P=.030), (F=3.18, P=.044). Job satisfaction, job stress and self-esteem of a physical therapist were statistically significant correlation (P<.01) Conclusion : Effective countermeasure for ways to relieve stress, and the necessity of developing the program at the same time, for the relief of the physical therapist, the physical therapist yourself to have self-esteem.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.293-299
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• 2013

Objectives: The purposes of this study were to evaluate the prevalence of epilepsy and to estimate the cost of epilepsy in Korea, 2010. Methods: This study used a prevalence based approach to calculate the cost of epilepsy. Claims data from the Korean national health insurance and data from the Korea health panel, the Korea National Statistical Office's records of causes of death, and labor statistics were used to estimate the cost of epilepsy. Patients were defined as those who were hospitalized or visited an outpatient clinic during 2010 with a diagnosis of epilepsy (International Classification of Diseases 10th revision codes G40-G41). Total costs of epilepsy included direct medical costs, direct non-medical cost and indirect costs. Results: The annual prevalence of treated epilepsy was 228 per 100 000 population, and higher in men. The age-specific prevalence was highest for teenagers. The total economic burden of epilepsy was 536 billion Korean won (KW). Indirect cost (304 billion KW) was 1.3 times greater than direct cost (232 billion KW). By gender, the male (347 billion KW) were more burdened than the female (189 billion KW). The estimated cost in young age younger than 20 years old was 24.5% of the total burden of epilepsy. Conclusions: A significant portion of the economic burden of epilepsy is borne by people in young age. To reduce the economic burden of epilepsy, effective prevention and treatment strategies are needed.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.7-12
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• 2011

Purpose: To evaluate the incidence and risk factors of ipsilateral reamputation after lower limb amputation in the patient with diabetic foot lesions. Materials and Methods: Between May 2005 and June 2009, 88 patients who underwent lower limb amputation were analyzed. Group 1 consisted of 73 patients who didn't have a ipsilateral reamputation after lower limb amputation and group 2 consisted of 15 patients who underwent reamputation. We compared several factors between two groups, such as age, gender, BMI, ABI, Wagner classification, wound culture, site of amputation, vascular surgery, the period of diabetes mellitus, chronic renal failure. Results: Fifteen (17%) of 88 patients had a ipsilateral limb reamputation and 13 patients (87%) of them underwent reamputation within 6 months. When we compared the two groups, average age was 59.3 (range, 48-74 years); 62.9(range, 44-78 years). Age was significantly associated with reamputation rate (p=0.02) and no reamputation after initial amputation above ankle joint was found. Other factors did not show statistically difference between both groups. Conclusion: There were no significant difference between diabetic limb amputation and reamputation group in our concerned risk factors except age and amputation level. There should be careful consideration when determine level of amputation in diabetic foot lesions especially in elder patients.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.59-64
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• 2003

The national standard anthropometry of Korea is conducted every 5∼6 year term after its first research was started in 1979, The fourth research was conducted in 1997. The result of the national standard anthropometry has been reflected in manufactured goods design of allied industries such as clothing, shoes and furniture. In this paper, we measured anthropometry data for every bodily figurative classification after dividing users according to gender, age and bodily figure using the result of the national standard anthropometry. We constructed 3D character through the process of analyzing interrelation of measured anthropomeoy and measuring representative category. In the process for organization , we measured anthropometry which can effectively express sports action of golf, tennis etc. We made it by presenting measurement which is able to form each type of 3D character after the category was decided. Quantitative and objective valuation for posture and action became possible by developing visible information offer and posture action analysis protocol in theoretical approach for analysis of posture and action in sports.