• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.7
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• pp.215-221
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• 2017

The purpose of present study was to assess whether Gd-EOB-DTPA with gadolinium-based contrast agent administration affects fat quantification using the two-point Dixon technique. Between April 2016 and September, 60 patients who underwent hepatic fat quantification using the two-point Dixon technique were divided into two group (normal liver donors=30, abnormal hepatic steatosis=30) and we compared the variability of mean fat fraction before and after administration Gd-EOB-DTPA. As a results, in both group, fat fraction after injection Gd-EOB-DTPA was significantly decreased (normal liver donors -33.8%, hepatic steatosis -47.2%) compared to before injection Gd-EOB-DTPA, suggesting that Gd-EOB-DTPA affects fat quatification using two-point Dixon technique. In conclusion, hepatic fat quantification using the two-point Dixon technique could maintain diagnostic value by acquiring images before administration Gd-EOB-DTPA.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.52-55
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• 2015

Supradiaphragmatic liver is a rare condition. Establishing an accurate preoperative diagnosis is difficult. Operative exploration is necessary to differentiate this lesion from intrathoracic masses, such as a pleural based tumor, diaphragmatic tumor and peripheral lung tumor. However, with the aid of the hepatocyte-specific magnetic resonance imaging contrast agent, gadoxetic acid (Gd-EOB-DTPA), functional hepatocytes in the lesion can be identified in the hepatobiliary phase, potentially allowing an accurate and non-invasive diagnosis. We report a case of supradiaphragmatic liver diagnosed by Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.139-145
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• 2011

Purpose : To assess the frequency and severity of acute adverse reactions to intravenous administration of gadolinium-based contrast agents using computerized reporting system at a single large academic institution. Materials and Methods : We assessed data from electronic hospital information system from October 2008 to December 2010. Reactions were classified as mild, moderate, or severe. We compared the frequency of adverse reactions among three contrast agents (Gd-BT-DO3A, Gd-DTPA and Gd-EOB-DTPA). Results : The total number of administrated contrast agents was 33,600, and the number of administration of Gd-BT-DO3A, Gd-DTPA and Gd-EOB-DTPA were 20,824 (62%), 10,417 (31%) and 2,359 (7%), respectively. Total 39 adverse reactions were reported accounting for 0.1161% of all administrations. The incidences of adverse reactions were 0.1248% (26/39, 67%) for Gd-BT-DO3A, 0.0768% (8/39, 21%) for Gd-DTPA, and 0.2120% (5/39, 13%) for Gd-EOB-DTPA. The difference of frequencies of adverse reaction among three contrast agents was not significant. Most cases of the adverse effect were mild (35/39, 89.7%). Moderate and severe adverse reactions were encountered in two patients, respectively. Conclusion : Among Koreans, adverse effects were rare, and especially, moderate to severe adverse reactions were much rarer. There was no difference among the frequencies of adverse reactions caused by three different contrast agents.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.33-37
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• 2001

Purpose : The water exchange rate between bulk water and bound water is an important parameter in deciding the efficiency of paramagnetic contrast agents. In this study, we evaluated the water exchange rates of various Gd-chelates using oxygen-17 NMR technique. Material and Methods : The samples (Gd-DTPA, Gd-DTPA-BMA, Gd-DOTA, Gd-EOB-DTPA) were prepared by mixing 5% $^{17}O-enriched$ water (Isotech, USA). The pH of the samples was adjusted to physiological value [pH=7.0] by buffer solution. The variable temperature $^{17}O-NMR$ measurements were performed using Bruker-600 (14.1 T, 81.3 MHz) spectrometer. Bruker VT-1000 temperature control units were used to stabilize the temperature. The $^{17}O$ spin-spin relaxation times (T2) were measured using Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill (CPMG)I pulse sequence with 24 echo trains. The variable temperature T2 relaxation data were then fitted into Solomon-Bloembergen equations using least square fit algorithm to estimate the water exchange times. Results : From the measured $^{17}O-NMR$ relaxation rates, the determined water exchange rates at 300K are $0.42{\;}{\mu}s$ for Gd-DTPA, $1.99{\;}{\mu}s$ for Gd-DTPA-BMA, $0.27{\;}{\mu}s$ for Gd-DOTA, and $0.11{\;}{\mu}s$ for Gd-EOB-DTPA. The Gd-DTPA-BMA showed slowest exchange whereas Gd-EOB-DTPA had fastest water exchange rate. In addition, it was found that the water exchange rates (${\tau}_m$) of all samples had exponential temperature dependence with different decay constant. Conclusion : $^{17}O-NMR$ relaxation rate measurements, when combined with variable temperature technique, provide a solid tool for studying water exchange rate, which is very important in investigating the detailed mechanism of relaxation enhancement effect of the paramagnetic contrast agents.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.200-204
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• 2015

Image findings of hepatic lymphoma have been reported as variable, ranging from single or multiple small nodules to diffuse infiltrative patterns. On MRI, most hepatic lymphomas show T1 low signal intensity, T2 high signal intensity. Dynamic imaging reveals a hypointense appearance in the arterial phase, followed by delayed enhancement in the portal venous and transitional phase. In the hepatobiliary phase using a hepatocyte-specific contrast agent (which have recently aided in increasing the access to the focal liver lesions), hepatic lymphoma is known to exhibit low signal intensity. We report a case of hepatic lymphoma, which shows iso-signal intensity on hepatobiliary phase, using gadoxetic acid (Gd-EOB-DTPA).

• Proceedings of the KSMRM Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.34-34
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• 2000

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.235-243
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• 2009

The purpose of this experiment is to know the relation of the detection and characterization of liver's diseases as comparison of finding at MR imaging using a Ferucarbotran (SPIO) and Gd-EOB-DTPA (Primovist) agents in diffuse liver disease. A total of 50 patients (25 men and 25 women, mean age: 50 years) with liver diseases were investigated at 3.0T machine (GE, General Electric Medical System, Excite HD) "with 8 Ch body coil for comparison of diseases and contrast's uptake relation, which used the LAVA, MGRE." All images were performed on the same location with before and after Ferucarbotran and Gd-EOB-DTPA administrations (p<0.05). Contrast to noise ratio of Ferucarbotran and Gd-EOB-DTPA in the HCC were $3.08{\pm}0.12$ and $7.00{\pm}0.27$ with MGRE and LAVA pulse sequence, $3.62{\pm}0.13$ and $2.60{\pm}0.23$ in the hyper-plastic nodule, $1.70{\pm}0.09$ and $2.60{\pm}0.23$ in the meta, $2.12{\pm}0.28$ and $5.86{\pm}0.28$ in the FNH, $4.45{\pm}0.28$ and $1.73{\pm}0.02$ in the abscess and ANOVA test was used to evaluate the diagnostic performance of each disease (p<0.05). In conclusions, two techniques were well demonstrated with the relation of the detection and characterization of liver's diseases.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.301-305
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• 2005

MR spectroscopy of intracellularly located $^{133}Cs$ has been used to monitor the uptake of Gd-EOB-DTPA by the isolated rat liver. As shown by ${31}P$ spectroscopy, accumulation of $^{133}Cs$ ions in hepatocytes does not produce detectable effects on the metabolism. The hepatic internalization of Gd-EOB-DTPA was followed by the paramagnetic relaxation enhancement of the intracellular $^{133}Cs$ ions, and confirmed by parallel quantitations of Gd and Cs run by inductively coupled plasma analysis of liver samples and aliquots of perfusate. Two peaks are observed at -22.0 and -23.5 ppm, with respect to the line of the external reference arbitarily set to 0 ppm. Upon rinsing of the extracellular compartment with regular K-H free of CsCl, the high-field resonance disappears within 20min. The intracellular concentration was confirmed by ICP, which gives a $Cs^+$ content of $22.0\pm3.5mM$. The relaxation data significantly underestimate the Gd content, suggesting a potential compartmentation of $Cs^+$ and the contrast agent.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.64-75
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• 2016

Purpose: In order to evaluate the relationship between the dose to the liver parenchyma and focal liver reaction (FLR) after stereotactic ablative body radiotherapy (SABR), we suggest a novel method using a three-dimensional dose distribution and change in signal intensity of gadoxetate disodium-gadolinium ethoxybenzyl diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (Gd-EOB-DTPA)-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) hepatobiliary phase images. Materials and Methods: In our method, change of the signal intensity between the pretreatment and follow-up hepatobiliary phase images of Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI was calculated and then threshold dose (TD) for developing FLR was obtained from correlation of dose with the change of the signal intensity. For validation of the method, TDs for six patients, who had been treated for liver cancer with SABR with 45-60 Gy in 3 fractions, were calculated using the method, and we evaluated concordance between volume enclosed by isodose of TD by the method and volume identified as FLR by a physician. Results: The dose to normal liver was correlated with change in signal intensity between pretreatment and follow-up MRI with a median $R^2$ of 0.935 (range, 0.748 to 0.985). The median TD by the method was 23.5 Gy (range, 18.3 to 39.4 Gy). The median value of concordance was 84.5% (range, 44.7% to 95.9%). Conclusion: Our method is capable of providing a quantitative evaluation of the relationship between dose and intensity changes on follow-up MRI, as well as determining individual TD for developing FLR. We expect our method to provide better information about the individual relationship between dose and FLR in radiotherapy for liver cancer.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.47-51
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• 2015

Sarcomatous Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma is a rare but an aggressive variant of cholangiocarcinoma with a very poor prognosis. A 79-year-old man was admitted to our hospital because of incidentally found liver mass. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed well-defined hypointense mass on T1WI and heterogeneous hyperintense mass on T2WI. Gd-EOB-DTPA enhanced study shows peripheral rim-like enhancement in arterial phase and progressive concentric filling of contrast in delayed phase. And mass shows significant enhancement in hepatobiliary phase. The pathologic diagnosis was intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma with sarcomatous change.