• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.734-739
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• 2020

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to propose a diagnostic method for classifying patients with dyspepsia by symptom type. The correlation between symptom types and X-ray findings was studied in 62 patients with indigestion. Methods: In this study, the complaints and abdominal X-ray findings were collected for 62 patients who visited the outpatient Korean medicine clinic. The medical information related to dyspepsia was grouped for similar patients and classified by symptom type. Results: The patients with dyspepsia were classified into three types according to their medical symptoms: Distention type (N=43, 68.3%), Abdominal Pain type (N=16, 25.5%), and Constipation type (N=12, 19.0%). Intestinal fecal findings (80.6%) on x-rays were noted in most of the cases, followed by intestinal gas pattern findings (14.5%). Conclusion: Classifying patients with dyspepsia by symptom types is an appropriate diagnostic method due to the unclear pathophysiology of indigestion and the difficulty in applying a Korean medical dialectic. Irrespective of the symptom types, the large number of fecal material findings (80.6%) on x-rays means an effect on the interior environment of the body where intestinal feces accumulate easily and decreased gastrointestinal motility in patients with indigestion. This can be correlated with "food accumulation (食積)" as intestinal feces are tangible substances. In addition, gas in the intestine increases visceral sensitivity, causing abdominal distention or pain. The gas pattern findings (14.5%) on x-ray were observed in the "Distention type" and "Abdominal pain type," but not in the "Constipation type."

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.446-450
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• 2006

Congenital central hypoventilation syndrome (CCHS) or Ondine's curse is a very rare sleep disorder that is the result of a congenital failure of the autonomic control of ventilation caused by insensitivity of the chemoreceptor to hypercapnea during sleep. Gastrointestinal motility disorders, particularly a congenital megacolon (Hirschsprung disease) is often combined with CCHS. This combination can be explained by a defect in the migration of neuronal cells from the neural crest (neurocristopathy) during the intrauterine period. A diagnosis of CCHS is made by confirming the failure of adequate ventilation in response to hypercapnea and hypoxia during sleep and the exclusion of other diseases. Young infants frequently show atypical clinical courses, and their conditions are frequently complicated with the long-term sequela of hypoxemic episodes. Therefore, a high index of suspicion and active treatment with mechanical ventilation are important for reducing recurrent hypoxemic episodes in the neonatal period. This paper reports the follow up of a case of CCHS in a neonate who showed frequent intractable apnea and cyanosis and was given artificial mechanical ventilation during sleep.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2011

Mastic is a bleed resin formed in pistacia lentiscus tree extract form the anacatdiaceae family. Mastic is used as a food ingredient in the Mediteraanean resin, and has been used by local inhabitants as a traditional medicine for relief of upper abdominal discomfort, dyspepsiaand peptic ulcer. Clinically, mastic has been effective in the treatment of benign gastric and duodenal, ulcers, giving symptomatic relief and endoscopically proven healing. In this study, to enhance activiteies of poorly water soluble Mastic with oils, surfactants and cosurfactants and then the mixure was microemulsified in aqueous media under condition of gentle agitation and digestive motility that would be encountered in the gastrointestinal tract. Formulation development and screening were based on phase diagrams and characteristics of resultant microemulsion. For optimum mastic formulation, microemulsions with various ratio (w/w%) of mastics, oils, surfactants and cosurfactants were prepared and their solubility was evaluated by monitoring particles size in their buffer through visual asessment and electrophoretic light scattering spectrophotomerter (ELS). In vitro activity of self microemulsified mastic (SME mastic) was determined by minimum ingibition concentration (MIC) test against a panel of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) clinical strains. Additionally, in vivo activity of SME masitc was investigated us mouse infected by CH275 of H. pylori. The mean diameter of SME mastic was less then 100 nm in water and SME mastic was showed similar antiboisis effect compared to tometronidazole, clarithromycin and omeproazole. Consequently, SME mastic would be effective system to exterminate H. pylori. If mastic were dose with combined treatment, mastic might augur well for effect of H. pylori eradication as good remedy.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.471-478
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• 2016

Background: Constipation is one of the most common functional gastrointestinal disorder. The present study examined the ability of water extract of fermented (FRC) and non-fermented (NFRC) roasted Cassia tora to improve intestinal function and reduce constipation in a rat constipation model. Methods and Results: Different concentration of FRC and NFRC were orally administered loperamide (5 mg/kg; LOP) reduced the number, weight, and water content of feces, as well as intestinal transit motility. However, 24 h-(24 hour fermented roasted-Cassia tora) 300 mg/kg FRC administration increased the number, weight, and water concent of feces, compared to that seen in the LOP group, and also improve intestinal transit mitility and, the thickness of distal colon and mucous fluid. Conclusions: The results of the present study indicated that LOP-induced constipation was improved by treatment with FRC. Therefore FRC could be used to develop functional foods or natural medicine for constipation. However, further study is needed to clarify how fermentation improves the medicinal properties of roasted C. tora.

• The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.129-138
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• 2005

Purpose: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is frequently yet little understood disease. Review was performed to promote understanding on the characteristics, pathophysiology, and risk factors of IBS. Content: IBS is characterized by abdominal discomfort associated with pain and altered bowel function; structural and biochemical abnormalities are absent. Generally IBS is more prevalent in women and people with higher educational and social background, but there are some controversies. IBS is diagnosed by the Rome II or Manning criteria after excluding organic gastrointestinal diseases. The pathophysioloy is explained by abnormal control mechanism of central and enteric nervous system. Mucosal immunity, secretions, and neurotransmitter are also associated with the hypersensitivity and motility change of bowel function. Stress is known as a major triggering factor and contributed to symptoms. Other risk factors are genetic elements, childhood experiences, inflammation, anxiety, depression, diet, and sleep disorders.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.139-149
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• 2008

Objectives : The aim of this study was to compare the effect of needle retention(NR) and electro-acupuncture of low(EA(L)) and high(EA(H)) frequencies at $SP_6$ and Sham point in rats. Methods : Intestinal hypermotility was induced by feeding carbachol and experimental groups divided mainly into 7 groups which were normal, holder, control, acupuncture in normal state of rats, pre-treatment of acupuncture(NR, EA) in hypermotility, post-treatment of acupuncture(NR, EA) in hypermotility. We fed charcoal to them after the treatment and measured the travel rate of charcoal in the gastrointestinal track so that which treatment affected more in intestinal hypermotility. Results : As the following study, each acupuncture ways of EA(L) had significant effect of decreasing travel rate on intestinal hypermotility than EA(H) and NR. The comparison between pre-treatment and post-treatment, pre-treatment had slight more effect than post-treatment but not significantly. There was more affected at $SP_6$ than Sham point on this study. Conclusions : There were 21 groups to find out which treatment was best to slow down the intestinal motility and $SP_6$-EA(L)-C had significant effect compared with control group at the figure than any other groups. That meant $SP_6$ had effect on gastric disorder such as intestinal hypermotility and its' effect had more prevention than cure. Further study was needed to have more precise effect of EA and $SP_6$.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.703-714
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• 2021

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: A dietary restriction on the intake of fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols (FODMAPs) has been reported to be effective in the treatment of gastrointestinal (GI) tract complications. Enteral nutrition (EN) is widely used for patients who cannot obtain their nutritional requirements orally, but many studies have reported EN complications, especially diarrhea, in up to 50% of patients. SUBJECTS/METHODS: We performed a single-center, non-randomized, controlled trial to determine the effects of a low-FODMAP enteral formula on GI complications in patients in intensive care units (ICUs). Patients in the ICU who needed EN (n = 66) were alternately assigned to the low-FODMAP group (n = 33) or the high-FODMAP group (n = 33). RESULTS: Anthropometric and biochemical parameters were measured, and stool assessment was performed using King's Stool Chart. We excluded patients who received laxatives, GI motility agents, proton pump inhibitors, antifungal agents, and antibiotics other than β-lactams. There were no differences in GI symptoms during 7 days of intervention, including bowel sound, abdominal distension, and vomiting between the 2 groups. However, diarrhea was more frequent in the high-FODMAP group (7/33 patients) than the low-FODMAP group (1/33 patients) (P = 0.044). CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that a low-FODMAP enteral formula may be a practical therapeutic approach for patients who exhibit enteral formula complications. Our study warrants further randomized clinical trials and multicenter trials.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.29-37
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• 2024

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of insurance herbal medicines on colonic interstitial Cells of Cajal (ICC) in mice. Methods : Among the insurance herbal medicines, we chose Gamisoyo-san (GSS), Banhasasim-tang (BHSST) and Bojungikki-tang (BGIKT). We made the ICC culture in large intestine in mice and used the electrophysiological method to record pacemaker potentials. Also we used MTT assay to check cell viability and examined the ICC protein expression by western blot. Results : 1. GSS (1-10 mg/ml) induced the pacemaker potential depolarization and decreased frequency with concentration-dependent manners in colonic ICC. EC50 is 2.99 mg/ml. BHSST (1-10 mg/ml) induced the pacemaker potential depolarization and decreased frequency with concentration-dependent manners in colonic ICC. EC50 is 2.76 mg/ml. BGIKT (1-10 mg/ml) induced the pacemaker potential depolarization and decreased frequency with concentration-dependent manners in colonic ICC. EC50 is 4.49 mg/ml. 2. GSS, BHSST and BGIKT had no effects on cell viability in colonic ICC. 3. GSS and BGIKT increased the Anoctamin-1 (ANO1) protein expression and BHSST increased the transient receptor potential melastatin-subfamily member 7 (TRPM7) protein expression in colonic ICC. Conclusions : These results suggest that GSS, BHSST, and BGIKT have shown the potential to regulate gastrointestinal (GI) motility by regulating colonic ICC and may show the potential to treat colon-derived GI diseases such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.171-180
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• 2011

Purpose: The aim of this study was to assess changes in neuropeptide Y (NPY) immunoreactivity in the hypothalamus and interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) in the small intestine of rats fed high-fat diets (HFD). Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats (200~250 g body weight) were randomly divided into two groups, which were the control group (normal chow diet for 6 weeks), and the HFD group (rodent diet with 60% kcal fat for 6 weeks). The immunoreactivity of NPY in the hypothalamus and ICC in the small intestine was evaluated after every feed for 6 weeks. Results: NPY immunoreactivity was observed strongly in the hypothalamic nuclei in the HFD group compared to the control group. The numbers of NPY-immunoreactive (IR) cells were significantly higher in the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus in the HFD group than in the control group. In the region of Auerbach's plexus (AP) of small intestine, the staining intensity of the ICC-IR cells was reduced in the HFD group compared to the control group. The numbers of ICC in the small intestine with HFD, including ICC in the inner circular and outer longitudinal muscle were significantly lower than in the control group. Conclusion: This study suggested that increasing NPY-IR cells in the hypothalamus may reflect resistance of NPY action after a HFD, and decreasing ICC-IR cells in the small intestine after a HFD is functionally significant in gastrointestinal motility.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.226-232
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• 2012

This study was performed to evaluate the sedative and analgesic effects of intravenous (IV) administration of detomidine (D) and tramadol (T) to horses. Six warmblood horses each received D (10 ${\mu}g/kg$), T (2 mg/kg), and a combination of DT (10 ${\mu}g/kg$ and 2 mg/kg). No significant differences in the heart rate, respiratory rate, rectal temperature, indirect arterial pressure, and gastrointestinal motility between D and DT were observed. The sedative effect was evident within 5 min after D and DT administration, but no significant difference between D and DT was observed. D and DT induced a similar analgesic effect up to 50 min after injection and DT maintained a longer analgesic effect than D. A significant increase in blood glucose was shown for D after the injection, but not for DT. A horse with T and DT showed an excited behavior within 5 min of the injection. This study suggests that the DT combination could be used for diagnostic procedures and simple surgeries in standing horses, with caution for excitement in the early phase after the administration.