• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.246-250
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• 1992

Acetaminophen (AAP) and ranitidine (RT) were coadministered orally to nine rats, and the possible contribution of the gastric emptying to the plasma concentration profiles of them was examined. The drugs showed multiple plasma peaks similar to the respective ones after separated administration of each durg. IT Implies that there is no significant interaction between AAP and RT in terms of the gastric emptying or drug absorption. There were no significant linear correlations of the peak patterns (peak height and peak time) between AAP andd RT. It is contrary to the expectation from the biphasic gastric emptying (BGE) theory previously suggested for AAP and RT. The BGE theory. Therefore, seemed to have some draw-backs in explaining satisfactorily the multiple plasma peaks of AAP and RT. Two more doubts raised previously against the BGE theory were also discussed.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.59-63
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• 1987

The measurement of gastric emptying time is useful in differentiation of the hypochondriac neurosis from the functional gastrointestinal disturbance, and also useful in searching the hidden gastrointestinal disease in patients who are believed as the functional gastrointestinal disturbance. We confirmed in this study that the more delayed gastric emptying time was measured in functional gastrointestinal disturbance compared to normal group, and more shortened gastric emptying time was found after treatment with dopamine antagonist (cleboril) in this group.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.207-210
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• 1991

The purpose of this study was to examine the existence of a lag phase of gastric emptying of solid meals. We studied solid phase gastric emptying in 26 normal subject using continuous data aquisition for 30 minutes. Each ingested a 300 g meal containing $^{99m}Tc-labeled$ scrambled egg (solid 150g, milk 150 ml). Lag phase was determined by 1) inspection of the gastric emptying curve 2) time to a 2% decrease in stomach activity 3) the time of visual appearance of duodenal activity on computer image We concluded that solid meal lag phase exist.

• Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.387-393
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• 2019

Background/Aims Delayed gastric emptying (GE) is associated with high morbidity and mortality in subjects with diabetes. The aim of this study is to investigate associations between GE time and the major cardiovascular events (coronary heart diseases and ischemic stroke) in diabetic subjects with upper gastrointestinal (UGI) symptoms. Methods Among 259 subjects with chronic UGI symptoms who underwent gastric emptying study (GES) over 13 years, 122 diabetic subjects without gastric surgery and/or rapid GE were enrolled in this study. We also gathered data about baseline demographics, clinical characteristics, estimated GE half-time (GE T½) and incidence of cardiovascular events following GES. Results The mean age of subjects was 64.0 ± 17.4 years. There were 86 women and 104 subjects with type 2 diabetes. There were 52 (42.6%) subjects with normal GE, 50 (41.0.%) subjects with mild delayed GE, and 20 (16.4%) subjects with marked delayed GE. During follow-up (median, 207 weeks), cardiovascular events occurred in 7 (13.5%) subjects with normal GE, 4 (8.0%) subjects with mild delayed GE and 7 (35.0%) subjects with marked GE (P = 0.015). Univariate analysis showed that GE T½ was significantly associated with incidence of cardiovascular events (crude OR, 1.74; 95% CI, 1.12-2.69; P = 0.014). In a multivariate model, association between GE T½ and incidence of cardiovascular events remained statistically significant after adjustment for baseline characteristics and comorbidities (adjusted OR, 1.94; 95% CI, 1.21-3.12; P = 0.006). Conclusion A delay of GE was associated with an increased incidence of cardiovascular events in diabetic subjects with chronic UGI symptoms.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.574-577
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to evaluate gastric motility of conscious minipigs with ultrasonography from contraction number of the pyloric antrum and gastric emptying time (GET). Five-month-old, clinically healthy minipigs weighing 13.5-15 kg were used for this experiment. Assessment of gastric motility was performed using saline (10 ml/kg) in all five minipigs. Contraction number of the pyloric antrum for 3 minutes and gastric emptying time were calculated. Gastric emptying time was considered to be the time at which the antral area returned to the basal value. The mean value of contraction number of the pyloric antrum before feeding was 1.60${\pm}$2.30 (mean${\pm}$SD) for 3 min and the overall mean value after saline administration was 5.40${\pm}$3.62 for 3 min. The mean value of GET by area was 58.06${\pm}$5.23 min. This data can be used as basic database for evaluation of gastric motility in minipigs as normal and various experimental models.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.488-494
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• 2003

Purpose. To examine the effects of body position and time after feeding on gastric residuals in low birth weight infants(LBW). Methods. A repeated measures design was conducted. Twenty LBW infants being fed via indwelling nasogastric tubes were randomly assigned to one of 5 different position orderings. In each position, gastric residuals were measured at 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 minutes after feeding. Results. In comparisons of gastric residuals with position and time, the main effects of position and time were statistically significant (F=5.038, p=0.001; F=429.763, p < 0.001, respectively), but the interaction between position and time was found not to be significant. In pairwise comparisons, the gastric residuals were more reduced in the right anterior oblique and prone positions compared with the left lateral position (p < 0.05) and the differences across time periods were significant (p < 0.001). Conclusions. The body position after feeding has a significant affect on gastric residuals over time in LBW infants. The right anterior oblique or prone position is recommended rather than left lateral position after feeding. Knowledge of the proper position and the pattern of gastric emptying over time after feeding may lead to the development of evidence-based nursing care.

• 대한핵의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1985.05a
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• pp.160.1-160.1
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• 1985

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.299-306
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• 1992

Gastic emptying scan in diabetic patients is widely used to assess the degree of motility disturbance and the symtoms such as nausea, vomiting, bloating, abdominal pain and early gastric fullness which we can't find anatomic lesion by fiberoscopic or barium study In order to determine the relationship among diabetic gastropathy, neropathy, retinopathy and disease duration, gastric emptying scan using $^{99m}Tc-tin$ colloid labeled scramble egg in hamburger was performed in 10 healty male controls and 50 diabetic patients which were subdivided to no neuropathy, peripheral neuropathy and autonomic neuropathy groups according to the degree of diabetic neuropathy and no retinopathy, background retinopathy and proliferative retinopathy groups according to the degree of diabetic retinopathy. After medication of cisapride for 2 weeks, we observed the presence of improvement of gastric motility in diabetics. The results were as following: 1) In controls, gastric emptying time (GET1/2) was $75{\pm}13.6$ min and 2 hour gastric retension rate (GRR2) was $32{\pm}11.1%$. 2) In diabetics, GET/2 was prolonged more than 2 hours and GRR2 was $58{\pm}23.1%$. According to degree of neuropathy, GET1/2 was prolonged more than 2 hours in all three groups and GRR2 was $54{\pm}24.1%$ in no neuropathy group, $57{\pm}24.3%$ in peripheral neuropathy group and $69{\pm}24.6%$ in autonomic neuropathy group. According to degree of retinopathy, GET1/2 was $110{\pm}23.4$ min in no retinopathy group and prolonged more than 2 hours in other two groups and GRR2 was $45{\pm}21.6%$ in no retinopathy group, $71{\pm}19.7%$ in background retinopathy group and $73{\pm}21.5%$ in proliferative retinopathy group. 3) After cisapride medication for 2 weeks, GET1/2 and GRR2 were improved as $90{\pm}14.6$ min and $40{\pm}13.8%$ (initial GET1/2 and GRR2 were above 2 hours and $61{\pm}15.4%$). We can conclude from above findings that gastropathy in diabetic neuropathy suggesting main underlying factor in motility disorder The degree of retinopathy and disease duration were correlated with severity of gastropathy in diabetics. From the results of gastric emptying scan, we can conclude that cisapride was useful drug for improving diabetic gastropathy and gastric emptying scan was valuable for assessing severity of diabetic gastropathy as non-invasive method.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.21 no.10
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• pp.1522-1528
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• 2008

The objective of this study was to develop a model for simulating gastric digestion in the pig. The model was constructed to include the chemical and physical changes associated with gastric digestion such as enzyme release, digestion product removal and gastric emptying. Digesta was collected from the stomach cannula of pigs to establish system parameters and to document the ability of the model to simulate gastric digestion. The results showed that the average pH of gastric digesta increased significantly from 2.47 to 4.97 after feed consumption and then decreased 140 min postprandial. The model described the decrease in pH within the pigs' stomach as $pH_t=5.182e^{-0.0014t}$, where t represents the postprandial time in minutes. The cumulative distribution function of liquid digesta was $V_t=64.509e^{0.0109t}$. The average pepsin activity in the liquid digesta was 317Anson units/mL. There was significant gastric emptying 220 min after feed consumption. The cybernetic dynamic system of gastric digestion was set according to the above data in order to compare with in vivo changes. The time course of crude protein digestion predicted by the model was highly correlated with observed in vivo digestion (r = 0.97; p = 0.0001), Model prediction for protein digestion was higher than that observed for a traditional static in vitro method (r = 0.89; p = 0.0001).

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.49-57
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• 2001

Objectives : This study was designed to investigate the relationship between gastric emptying, psychopathology(especially anxiety and depression), and various factors that can mediate stress and response, such as coping style, social support and level of perceived stress. Methods : A total 30 patients who complained of the non-ulcer dyspepsia and did not have any abnormal finding on the gastroduodenal endoscopic examination, 24 hour ambulatory esophageal manometry and conventional gastroesophageal manometry were tested with gastric emptying that would be a functional examination of stomach. The correlations between the gastric emptying and psychological vaiable such as quantity of perceived stress, Symptom Checklist-90-Revision(SCL-90-R), Beck Depression Inventory(BDI), Spielberger Stait-Trait Anxiety Inventory(STAI), Ways of Coping Checklist and Interpersonal Support Evaluation List were evaluated. Results : 1) The mean and standard deviation of the time for half of the meal to empty(T50%) was $118.50{\pm}23.64$ minute which showed no gastric stasis in terms of gastric emptying test. 2) There were significant positive correlations between T50% and the state anxiety, T50% and thedepression. 3) There was no significant correlation between T50% and the quantity of perceived stress, T50% and mediating factors(coping style and social support). Conclusion : These results suggested that psychopathology, especially emotional components such as depression and anxiety, could affect on the current physiological functional gastric activity(gastric emptying), but quantity of perceive stress and mediating factors of stress and response such as coping style and social support could not affected on the functional gastric activity. These results showed that psychological interventions should considered in management of the patients with functional dyspepia.