• Journal of Korea Soil Environment Society
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.67-79
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• 1996

Clay soils typically have low hydraulic conductivities in the presence of high polarity pore fluid, such as water. Low polarity fluids, such as hydrocarbon fuels and halogenated organic solvents, typically cannot migrate into clay pores because they cannot displace the pore water. Oxygenated additives in gasoline, such as alcohols and methyl-tert-butyl ether, are increasingly used to control air pollution emissions. These relatively polar and highly water-soluble compounds may facilitate displacement of pore water and enhance migration of fuels and solvents through clay-rich soil strata. In the reported research, the migration of gasoline-alcohol fuel mixtures (gasohol) through consolidated clay was examined. Prepared kaolinite clay samples were consolidated from slurry, and various combinations of gasoline, alcohol, and water were applied to the clays under 152 Pa gauge pressure. Movement of the fluids into the clay samples was monitored by measur ing displaced pore fluid and by magnetic resonance imaging of the samples. The structures of selected samples were examined using environmental scanning electron microscopy. Results of the research suggest that alcohol added to hydrocarbon fuels can enhance migration through some clays significantly. Gasoline did not migrate appreciably into water saturated clay, even after 14 days under pressure. The gasohol mixture migrated readily into the clay in only 20 minutes. Increased hydraulic conductivity of the clay in the presence of gasohol is hypothesized to be due to the collapse of the clays pore structure when ethanol is present, creating larger pores. Increasing pore diameter decreases the capillary pressure needed for the gasohol to replace water and allows gasohol to migrate through the clay.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.516-530
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• 2012

Gasohol which is the mixture of gasoline and ethanol, is used to gasoline vehicles worldwide currently. This study is performed by the methods of the review of references, and includes the background introduced, manufacturing processes, amounts produced, original properties, specifications, ways of applied currently, regulations and policies as a fuel for gasoline vehicles on individual countries through the scope of worldwide, especially focused on bioethanol and gasoline. By the reason above, it is prepared by focused on multiple angles for the person who want to getting information and searching desired ways in the future regarding to bioethanol and gasohol. It is concluded that gasohol is one of the useful renewable energies, and must to take a step forward by the approaching of multiple points, and finally showed some directions by the way of comparing of the situations and references nowaday.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.374-378
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• 2011

The studied results of the gasohol, which is the mixture of gasoline and ethanol, were investigated for the promotion of applications on commercially by gasoline vehicle referring to octane number, minimum water contents be involved, and separation inhibitors for protecting phase separation etc. especially for the E10 and E20. The results showed that octane number will be revised by higher value as the ethanol is added more, and it's more effect in case of be added as a mixture than individually when inhibition agents is added for the inhibition of separation. and it's reasonable for the water contents of less than 1% by comparing with experimental results and in view of regulations of various countries.

• Proceedings of the Membrane Society of Korea Conference
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• 1995.04a
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• pp.38-39
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• 1995

최근 자동차 대체 연료로 가솔린에 10% 무수에탄올이 혼합된 Gasohol 사용에 관한 관심이 고조되고 있으며, 이는 Gasohol이 자동차 배기 가스중의 일산화탄소 및 탄화수소 함유량을 감소시켜 대기 오염을 줄일 수 있기 때문이다. Gasohol에 사용되는 무수에탄올의 농도는 99.5% 이상이어야 하며, 이러한 고순도의 에탄올을 제조하기 위해서는 물과 에탄올의 공비 혼합물(95.6% 에탄올)로부터 공비증류, 분자체 흡착, 투과증발과 같은 분리 조작을 이용하여 물을 제거하는 공정이 필요하다. 현재 에탄올 탈수에는 공비증류가 많이 사용되고 있으나 공비증류는 에너지 사용량이 많을 뿐더러 유독한 Entrainer를 첨가하기 때문에 투과증발과 같은 저 에너지 소비형, 환경친화적인 공정으로의 전환이 이루어지고 있다. 에탄올 탈수용 투과증발 플랜트는 전세계 20여개가 가동되고 있으며, 상업화된 플랜트의 대부분은 독일의 Deutsche Carbone사가 제조한 PVA/PAN 투과증발 복합막을 사용하고 있다. 투과증발 시스템은 물에 대한 친화도가 높은 투과증발막 및 모듈, 기타 분리 구동력을 높여주기 위한 Heater, 진공펌프, 냉각기, 열 교환기 등의 주변 설비로 구성되며, 투과증발 시스템 개발을 위해서는 우수한 막/모듈 제조와 아울러 최적 공정 설계 기술 개발이 필수적이라 하겠다.

• The Science & Technology
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• v.17 no.12 s.187
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• pp.62-65
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• 1984

이 논문은 한국과학기술단체총연합회 주최로 지난 11월23일 - 24일 2일간 열렸던 "바이오에너지와 에너지심포지움"에서 발표된 요지이다

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.86-91
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• 2007

Gasohol, which is combined solution of gasoline and ethanol, is difficult to apply to the field, because it usually brings phase separation by mingling of water. We investigated phase separation by adding different concentrations of "Ethanol", anhydrous and fermentative, to "Gasolines", gasoline, gasoline base and naphtha, Placing ethanol itself open to the air, the concentrations of water are increased in length of time. The phase separation temperatures of the gasolines-ethanol solutions have dropped in the following order : gasoline, gasoline base and naphtha. When adding water to the solutions of gasolines and anhydrous ethanol, the temperatures of phase separation is higher when the concentration of water increases more. Thus, it is obvious that the water is sensitive in phase separation.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.252-256
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• 2008

We investigated phase separation by adding different concentrations of MTBE, to the mixtures of naphtha, ethanol and water. The phase separation temperatures of the Naphtha-Ethanol-Water solutions have dropped when the concentration of MTBE increases more. When adding IPA and IBA to the solutions of Gasoline-Ethanol and Gasoline base-Ethanol individually, IBA shows lower temperatures of phase separation than IPA, and it shows synergistic effect when mixtures of IPA and IBA is applied.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.243-247
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• 2009

The usage of ethanol (EtOH)-blended gasoline (gasohol), has been increasing in recent years. EtOH has influence on the distribution and biodegradation of aromatic compounds such as BTEX (benzene (B), toluene (T), ethylbenzene (B), and xylene (X)) that are gasoline compositions. In this study, the effect of EtOH on the aerobic biodegradation of B, T and E was investigated using a BTEX and EtOH-degrading bacterium, Rhodococcus sp. EH831. The degradation rates of B in the conditions of 1:1, 1:4, and 1:0.25 mixtures with EtOH (B:EtOH, mol:mol) were ranged from $3.82{\pm}0.20$ to $5.00{\pm}0.37{\mu}mol{\cdot}g-dry$ cell wight $(DCW)^{-1}{\cdot}h^{-1}$. The degradation rate of T was the fastest in the 1:0.25 mixture ($6.63{\pm}0.06{\mu}mol{\cdot}g-DCW^{-1}{\cdot}h^{-1}$), and it was the lowest in the 1:4 mixture ($4.41{\pm}0.04{\mu}mol{\cdot}DCW^{-1}{\cdot}h^{-1}$). The degradation rates of E were increased with increasing the addition amount of EtOH: The degradation rate of E was the highest in the 1:4 mixture ($1.60{\pm}0.03{\mu}mol{\cdot}g-DCW^{-1}{\cdot}h^{-1}$), and the rates were $1.42{\pm}0.06$, $1.30{\pm}0.01$, and $1.01{\pm}0.30{\mu}mol{\cdot}g-DCW^{-1}{\cdot}h^{-1}$ in the 1:1, 1:0.25, 1.0 mixtures, respectively. In conclusion, the biodegradation of B, T, E by Rhodococcus sp. EH831 was not significantly inhibited by the co-existence of EtOH.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.260-263
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• 1979

티오디에탄올을 기본(基本)으로 하는 신합성(新合成)고무의 사용온도범위(使用溫度範圍)는 $-65^{\circ}C$에서 $150^{\circ}C$이며 표준연료(標準燃料) C와 gasohol을 포함(包含)한 각종(各種) 자동차용(自動車用) 오일에 대하여 우수(優秀)한 내유성(耐油性)을 보였고, 이 외(外)에 자연(自然)에서 널리 발생(發生)되는 황화수소(黃化水素)가스에 대(對)하여서도 우수(優秀)한 내(耐)가스성(性)을 보였다. 이 TDE 탄성체(彈性體)의 배합(配合)은 종래(從來)의 2본(本) 로울러 또는 밀폐식(密閉式) 혼합기(混合機)로 혼연(混練)할 수 있으며, compression, 사출(射出), 프레스 등으로 가황(加黃) 또는 유출(押出)이 가능하다. American Cyanamid Co에서는 TDE탄성체(彈性體)를 이용(利用)한 응용개발(應用開發)에 있으며 파일롯규모(親模)의 생산체제(生産體制)를 시도(試圖)할 것으로 알려져 있다. 이것이 시판(市販)되면 상품명(商品名)으로 Cymax라 명명(命名)될 것이며, 아민계(系곤) 가황제(加黃劑)인 DPP의 상품명(商品名)도 Cymax Curative P로 시판(市販)하게 될 것이다.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2002.04a
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• pp.390-393
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• 2002

BTEX biodegradation in groundwater including ethanol by soil microorganisms was much slower than that without ethanol. This was caused by that the ethanol was preferentially utilized by microorganisms and oxygen and mineral in soil were depleted. When Fe(III), nitrate, sulfate were added in groundwater, the degradation of BTEX was increased and the sulfate showed best efficiency.