• World Technopolis Review
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.30-46
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• 2016

This paper is intended as an opening of a dialog on how to apply platform thinking in the development of innovation environments. It will briefly describe a new STP (Science and Technology Park) concept called 3GSP (Third Generation Science Park), which is gaining momentum in Finland. The paper explains the fundamental changes that are currently taking place in the global innovation environment and explains why platform thinking is becoming an essential element in ecosystem development. The theoretical background and classifications of platforms are described and the benefits to be gained from STP perspective are highlighted. The paper emphasizes especially the role of so called 'competence platforms' and explains the main characteristics of a fully working competence platform. The role of competence platforms in understanding serendipity and as a fundamental factor in building the team is also highlighted. The paper analyses from STP perspective several practical examples, where platform thinking supports the emergence of new innovation environments, including Urban Mill (Finland) and Meetberlage (Netherlands). The requirements for comprehensive competence platform services are presented and their potential to support community building and therefore ecosystem development is illustrated. This analysis will provide STP practitioners with new models for applying platform thinking and will help to establish co-creation, open innovation and serendipity management practices. The case studies presented will help STP management teams to evaluate the benefits of competence platforms in different contexts.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.144-152
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• 2014

This study evaluated how folly is experimented in the contemporary architecture after 30 years when Bernard Tchumi first introduced it to the public by the modern transformation as a garden ornament. First, folly project has been carried out based on the general concept of energizing dwindling cities. However, it has changed to the direction of adding specific programs. Also, along urban regeneration that does not change deterioration of previous structures, Folly changed in the emphasis on readjust existing structure. Second, by having different designers presenting their own follies during the Osaka Expo, folly now has part on visual exhibition element. This has similarity with public art project, yet it could more actively intervene for urban regeneration compared to conventional environment sculpture. Third, folly is experimented as the event-installation art combined form of architecture and art where people could experience the space and enjoy art. Fourth, folly enabled the landscaping of architecture and expanding city planning. Recently Gwangju Folly invited various arts, social, and cultural professionals to converge city design with architecture, landscaping, and other diverse genres.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.61-68
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• 2010

The justice of the house for rural life all the member Iran meaning namely, 'countries or the suburb' a possibility of calling attaches the house in the intention which is and as the country or suburban house there is. The house for rural life from 19 end of a century Great Britain inferiorly becomes complements the problem points of urban setting the opinion which sees the garden city which appears in the link for with the era is general in the Industrial Revolution. Therefore most the dwelling environment which is comfortable selects the site becomes the important element. Our country case in order to send a holiday season weekend from wealthy class of past decimal or the weekend house which builds, is generalized with the recent economic improvement where the form of villa etc. forms a mainstream but. From the research which sees consequently examines a plan about week life after retiring of the city workers and dwells investigates the contents which is concrete from the family with there is the goal provides a hereafter house for rural life plan at the time of fundamental data in the farming and fishing villages area.

• Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.257-266
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• 2024

Due to seismically deficient details, existing reinforced concrete structures have low lateral resistance capacities. Since these building structures suffer an increase in axial loads to the main structural element due to the green retrofit (e.g., energy equipment/device, roof garden) for CO₂ reduction and vertical extension, building capacities are reduced. This paper proposes a machine-learning-based methodology for allowable ranges of axial loading ratio to reinforced concrete columns using simple structural details. The methodology consists of a two-step procedure: (1) a machine-learning-based failure detection model and (2) column damage limits proposed by previous researchers. To demonstrate this proposed method, the existing building structure built in the 1990s was selected, and the allowable range for the target structure was computed for exterior and interior columns.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.56-71
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• 2013

This study was carried out to investigate the construction background of multi-functional vacant grounds in the rear gardens of Kyeongbok Palace and Kyeongun Palace, by understanding the building history of multi-functional vacant ground during the Joseon Dynasty with a special reference to the places formed in the period of King Kojong. The multi-functional vacant grounds in the Palace were the important element from the political aspect of Joseon Dynasty, and became an infrastructure of a state - run organization. The vacant space between Kwangyeonlu(廣延樓) and Haeonjeong, the whole region of Yeolmujeong(閱武亭), Seochongdae(瑞蔥臺), and Chundangdae(春塘臺) were investigated as the multi-functional places, where the events were held for the royal family in the Changdeok Palace after the establishment of the Joseon Dynasty. Various events such as the archery competition, official examination and military training were held at the places. After the inauguration of King Kojong, Kyeongmudae(京武臺) was made in the process of the reconstruction of the Kyeongbok Palace. The Kyeonghee Palace was used as the off-palace rear garden after the year that King Kojong returned to the Kyeongun Palace. The characteristics of two spaces were to apply the space organization of the Changdeok Palace into the rear garden outside of Sinmumun(神武門), Kyeongmudae at Kyeongbok Palace and the pedestrian overpass was established to connect the spaces efficiently in Kyeonghee Palace. Especially, the multi-functional vacant ground in the rear garden during the period of King Kojong functioned as the place to show off the internal and external independence of a nation and to show the authority and dignity of King at the point of time that accelerated the plundering Joseon Dynasty by Japanese imperialism powers, beyond the meaning of national event space that had existed before, such as official examination or archery test. In addition, the fact that the multi-functional vacant ground used as training place for military exercise where many people were mobilized was considered to reflect the contemporary situation.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.75-82
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• 2013

This study is a basic study to develop standards and foundations for the establishment of traditional Korean gardens and aims to understand the current status of their components and expression methods and identify problems by investigating Korean gardens developed overseas. Nine sites were selected for field surveys and monitoring assessments. The results suggest: Overall, there is a lack of popular generality and temporal characteristics among these gardens, as they are mere reproductions of historical elements. There have also been errors of traditional and experimental interpretations. In terms of design aspects, traditional gardens are primarily compilations of landscape elements and certain ornamental features. In terms of landscape, they tend to be insufficient in parlaying appropriate spatial scales and experiential hierarchies; they also lack considerations of the context of neighbouring landscapes. In terms of guidance and information delivery, there is a worldwide lack, in general, of recognition of Korean gardens, given the broad variety of names attached to them; therefore, name standardization is recommended. In terms of development, management, and use, it is essential that designers suggest plant types, as well as alternatives, that match the characteristics of a given space; a receptive attitude vis-$\grave{a}$-vis the characteristics of their use is required.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.110-120
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• 2014

In this study, Chwibyeong studied only in the literature on the basis of the composition method through the book, Imwonkyungjeji. I tried to represent through the installation of facilities and planting of trees. I have obtained the following results. First, we presented the basic direction of Chwibyeong represented by analyzing the composition methods in the literature. Second, represented the Chwibyeong based on the results of the analysis of the literature. I was and comparative analysis of the content analysis literature the specificity of the method of manufacturing facilities and growth characteristics of trees that have been displayed during the represent process. Third, we derive how to manage trees that are grasped through the Chwibyeong represent process, how to manage the facility, such as the installation method. Currently, Chwibyeong is restored in the front of Changdeokgung Juhapru pavilion, but showing the appearance different from the appearance of Chwibyeong shown in the literature. Therefore, after the 18th century, prototype representation of Chwibyeong is intended to be able to find the traditional and the uniqueness. It has been used as an element of the garden of Korea, and intended to be an important role to find the flavor of the Korean garden.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.14-23
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to contribute in building credibility of the methodology of the appearance of the traditional colors and the interpretation of the meaning of those appearances by analyzing the spatial construction and configuration and the traditional colors that appear in spatial elements about the scenery component that appear in Seyeonjeong. We conducted a literature research about the traditional colors, the background of the creation of Seyeonjeong, and etc. For the contents for the empirical analysis, we took the scenery and space elements in the poems, such as Eobusasisa and O-u-ga, and the contents of poems related to ojeongsaek (five Korean traditional colors) based on the Yin-Yang and the Five Elements ideology Particularly, after dividing the spatial elements appearing in Seyoenjeong into visual, synesthetic, symbolic/cognitive spatial element, we further distinguished the visual space into positions and directions of the of the spaces and the scenery of the season; the synesthetic space into seasons, time and five senses; and the symbolic/cognitive space into chiljeong (or the seven passions) and sadan (or the four clues). Then we carried out the study by analyzing the correlation between the intention of the garden creation and the meaning of the spaces, through the analysis of ojeongsaek system for each spatial element. Firstly, spatial structure and format that appear in Seyeonjeong can be divided into two directional axes of southeast and northwest according to the flat form of the Seyeongjeong's rectangular palace, with Seyeongjoeng as the center. Secondly, in spatial component element, the frequencies of appearance of the traditional colors of Seyoenjeong are 33.2% for white, 20.8% for blue, 20.8% for black, 18.7% for red and 6.3% for yellow. Thirdly, based on the analysis of the traditional colors the most frequent appearance of 'white' left a room for interpretation like the creation of Seyeonjeong was to enjoy secular living without lingering political feelings so that the high mountains remain clear and clean. Also, the predominant frequency of appearance of blue, similar frequency of appearance of black and red, and the least frequent appearance of yellow is in agreement with or can be at least interpreted related to Yun Seon-do's intention for creating Seyeonjeong not for political rank or power but as a place to enjoy nature, through which he can build on his knowledge, and to lead rest of his life as a noble being through plays, like dancing and writing poems. Fourthly, these interpretations of the analysis of the frequency of appearance of the traditional colors of Seyeongjong shows the reliability, validity, and consistency of the methodology of the analysis of the frequency of appearance of the traditional colors and the interpretation of the meanings in the context that the color white appears most frequently in Soswewon as well and that the background life of the Soswewon's creator Yangsanbo can be interpreted in a similarly way. Above all, this study is significant from the fact that we proposed a theory about the method of analysis and interpretation of the traditional colors in a traditional landscape space. Moreover, there is a great significance of discovering that traditional colors appear in traditional spaces and this can be used as a methodological framework to interpret things like, intention for creation of (buildings/architectures).

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.22-31
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to illuminate historical sensitivity and design in the days of the Joseon era and examines the phenomenon of acculturation as revealed in the planting of Sophora japonica and Zelkova serrata in the garden grove by looking into the purpose underlying the construction, formative intention and the process of change in Pohang's Chirinjeong wonlim. Chirinjeong, also called Sanggaejeong(雙槐亭) after the fact that two Zelkova serrata trees were planted there, is a hermit pavilion in Sa-il village, Chogok-ri, built in the 9th year of King Taejong(1409) by Jang, Pyo(張彪, 1349~?) of an officer of bureaucratic origin toward the end of the Goryeo Dynasty, the Chirinjeong garden grove is an element essential to Chogok, the 3rd Gok of Sanggaegoogok(雙溪九曲). The wonlim of Chirinjeong is divided into the pavilion section composed of the entrance area, Chirinjeong, composed of Zelkova serrata and Sophora japonica, and the pond section composed of a quadrangular pond and island(方池方島), and Lagerstroemia indica. In view of the intent of the name Chirinjeong or of the fact that the pavilion was named based on that the royal seal string was hung on the Sanggwaesoo(雙槐樹) or two Zelkova serrata trees, it is reasonable to view it as Zelkova serrata trees having been planted early in the days of the Joseon Dynasty and those additionally planted later on that symbolizes the position of the three nobles and the Sophora japonica. In addition, in spite of the fact that the type of trees supplementarily planted in the 21st year of King Yeongjo(1745) is known as Sophora japonica, it is impossible to rule out the possibility of the tree planted outside of Chirinjeong being Zelkova serrata. In short, the three Zelkova serrata trees planted along with Sophora japonica must certainly be evidence that Zelkova serrata planted along with Sophora japonica in Chirinjeong wonlim indicates that the off spring of the Indong Jang family could tell the difference between Sophora japonica and Zelkova serrata. In the recognition process of Zelkova serrata trees finding their way into Korea, it was known as Zelkova serrata on the one hand and as Sophora japonica on the other, and the former, which enjoys a comparative advantage over in terms of the easiness with which to purchase, growth speed and possibility of growing into a long-lived tree was interchanged with Zelkova serrata, a case of acculturation as manifested in the planting of Sophora japonica in the Chirinjeong garden grove.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.1-10
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• 2018

This study aims to find out the characteristics of the vegetation landscape characteristics and system which led the formation of the urban image in Jeonju in the late Joseon period connected with urban spatial structure, using designated as treasure No. 1586 which was made in the middle of 18C. The vegetation landscape characteristics of Jeonju in the late Joseon Dynasty derived from the analysis of are summarized as follows. Firstly, the vegetation landscape system in Jeonju is composed of the natural vegetation around mountain area of Jeonju-Buseong, the independent vegetation or cluster planting forests linked with the main facilities, the Bibo-Forests connected with topographical characteristics of Jeonju, and the vegetation combined with a private garden. Secondly, planting landscape was specialized using flag species and local species. Thirdly, the garden-type plantation centered on the back yard or front of main facilities, with the background of natural vegetation landscape combined with the mountain area and the vegetation combined with a private garden, dominates vegetation landscape of Jeonju Buseong as objects. Fourthly, in order to overcome the defects of topographical characteristics, the Bibo-Forests were emphasized as an important planting landscape element in addition to the vegetation landscape elements connected with main facilities. Fifth, ecological vegetation landscape technique was taken considering the topographical characteristics. The characteristics of vegetation landscape of Jeonju Buseong, which is derived from , have an important meaning to restore and reproduce Jeonju's historical features. Especially, the vegetation communities of the non-booming concept combined with the geographical features, the ecological landscape harmonizing with the topography, the round house type landscape mixed with the private house, and the specialization of vegetation landscape using local species are important factors in securing the city image based on the historical characteristics and creating a city brand that utilizes vegetation landscape.