• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국신재생에너지학회 2009년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.138-138
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• 2009

Recently, thin-film solar cells of Cu(In,Ga)$Se_2$(CIGS) have reached a high level of performance, which has resulted in a 19.9%-efficient device. These conventional devices were typically fabricated using chemical bath deposited CdS buffer layer between the CIGS absorber layer and ZnO window layer. However, the short wavelength response of CIGS solar cell is limited by narrow CdS band gap of about 2.42 eV. Taking into consideration the environmental aspect, the toxic Cd element should be replaced by a different material. It is why during last decades many efforts have been provided to achieve high efficiency Cd-free CIGS solar cells. In order to alternate CdS buffer layer, ZnS buffer layer is grown by using chemical bath deposition(CBD) technique. The thickness and chemical composition of ZnS buffer layer can be conveniently by varying the CBD processing parameters. The processing parameters were optimized to match band gap of ZnS films to the solar spectrum and exclude the creation of morphology defects. Optimized ZnS buffer layer showed higher optical transmittance than conventional thick-CdS buffer layer at the short wavelength below ~520 nm. Then, chemically deposited ZnS buffer layer was applied to CIGS solar cell as a alternative for the standard CdS/CIGS device configuration. This CIGS solar cells were characterized by current-voltage and quantum efficiency measurement.

• Advances in Energy Research
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.91-105
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• 2017

Thermal hydraulic (TH) analysis of nuclear power reactors is utmost important. In this way, the numerical codes that preparing TH data in reactor core are essential. In this paper, a subchannel analysis of a Russian pressurized water reactor (WWER1000) core with enhanced numerical code is carried out. For this, in fluid domain, the mass, axial and lateral momentum and energy conservation equations for desired control volume are solved, numerically. In the solid domain, the cylindrical heat transfer equation for calculation of radial temperature profile in fuel, gap and clad with finite difference and finite element solvers are considered. The dependence of material properties to fuel burnup with Calza-Bini fuel-gap model is implemented. This model is coupled with Isotope Generation and Depletion Code (ORIGEN2.1). The possibility of central hole consideration in fuel pellet is another advantage of this work. In addition, subchannel to subchannel and subchannel to rod connection data in hexagonal fuel assembly geometry could be prepared, automatically. For a demonstration of code capability, the steady state TH analysis of a the WWER1000 core is compromised with Thermal-hydraulic analysis code (COBRA-EN). By thermal hydraulic parameters averaging Fuel Assembly-to-Fuel Assembly method, the one sixth (symmetry) of the Boushehr Nuclear Power Plant (BNPP) core with regular subchannels are modeled. Comparison between the results of the work and COBRA-EN demonstrates some advantages of the presented code. Using the code the thermal modeling of the fuel rods with considering the fission gas generation would be possible. In addition, this code is compatible with neutronic codes for coupling. This method is faster and more accurate for symmetrical simulation of the core with acceptable results.

• 한국전산구조공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산구조공학회 1999년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.203-209
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• 1999

In this study, the structural deflection analysis of robot manipulator for removing nuclear fuel rod from nuclear reactor vessel is performed by using general purpose finite element code (ANSYS). The structural deflection analysis results reported in this study is very required for the accurate design of robot system. The structural deflection analysis for the manipulator's structural status at which the gripper grasps and draws up the nuclear fuel rod is done, For this beginning structural status of robot manipulator's removing motion, the reaction forces at each joint have static maximum values as reported in the reference(6), and so these forces may cause the maximum deflection of robot structure. The structural deflection analysis is performed for selected four working cases of the proposed structural model and results on deformation, stress for the manipulator's solid body and the deflection at the end of robot manipulator's gripper are calculated. And further, the same analysis is performed for the slenderer manipulator with cross section reduced by one-fifth of each side length of proposed model. The analysis is performed not only for the nuclear fuel rod with weight load of 300kg but also for nuclear fuel rods with weight loads of 100kg, 200kg, 400kg and 500kg. The static structural deflection analysis results show that the deflection value increases as the load increases and the largest value (corresponding to the weight load of 500kg in case 1) is much smaller than the gap distance between nuclear fuel rods. but the largest value for the slenderer manipulator is almost as large as the gap distance, Hence, conclusively, the proposed manipulator's structural model is acceptably safe for mechanical design of robot system.

• 전기전자학회논문지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.114-121
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• 1998

본 논문은 기존의 이더넷 인터페이스를 통하여 ATM 셀을 전송하는 CIF(Cells in Frames)에서 네트워크 성능을 향상시키기 위한 충돌 회피(collision avoidance) 방안과 실시간 ATM 응용을 지원하기 위한 우선 제어 방안을 제안한다. 제안된 방안은 전형적인 CIF 네트워크인 두개 노드를 가진 이더넷에 적합하며, 기존 이더넷 인터페이스 카드에 대한 어떠한 하드웨어적인 수정을 필요로 하지 않는다. 충돌 회피 방안은 CIF 각 요소에 서로 다른 프레임간 간격(inter-frame gap)을 할당함으로써 출동을 최소화하면서 그 노드들로 공평한 액세스 기회를 제공한다. 우선 제어 방안은 두 노드간 큐잉 상태 정보를 교환하므로 써 매체로 실시간 프레임을 우선적으로 전송하는 것을 보장해준다. 그러므로 본 논문에서는 MAC 계층의 충돌 회피 방안과 CIF 계층의 우선 제어 방안을 모두 갖춘 CIF 네트워크가 향상된 네트워크 성능을 가지며 실 시간 ATM 응용을 효율적으로 지원한다는 것을 보여준다.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.273-283
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• 2015

In this study, we propose an analytical model for studying magnetic fields in radial-flux permanent-magnet eddy-current couplings by considering the effects of slots and iron-core protrusions on the eddy currents. We focus on the analytical prediction of the air-gap field by considering the influence of eddy currents induced in conducting bars. In the proposed model, the permanent magnet region is treated as the source of a time-varying magnetic field and the moving-conductor eddy current problem is solved based on the resolution of time-harmonic Helmholtz equations. The spatial harmonics in the air gap and in slots, as well as the time harmonics are all considered in the analytical calculation. Based on the proposed field model, the electromagnetic torque is computed by using the Maxwell stress tensor method. Nonlinear finite element analysis is performed to validate the analytical model. The proposed model can be used for permanent-magnet eddy-current couplings with any slot-pole combination.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.37-52
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• 1990

In this study, the characteristics of cooling and rolling during strip casting process is obtained in comparison with the experimental and analytical results. The prupose of this study is to effectively analyze the thermal and mechanical deformation of roller applying the results of the heat transfer and the pressure distribution to boundary conditions. And then the relation between strip thickness and roll deformation is shown. The second purpose is to obtain the proper condition of the continuous casting for stainless steel. The summary and conclusions can be made on the basis of the results obtained by the theories and experiments. a) The strip casting condition for the fine surface quality of tin-alloy as-cast material was obtained in accordance with the velocity of roll rotation and initial roll gap. b) The experimental condition that the dimension of the cast strip thickness coincide with that of the initial roll gap was according to the experimental result of continuous casting by twin-roll type. c) The thermoelastic finite element model to calculate the roll deformation is represented. Thermoelastic model prediction for the roll deformation are in good agreement with the experimental results considering the thermal expansion of the roll. d) The higher cooling rates were obtained by a twin-roller quenching technique. Also quenched microstructure of the rapidly solidified shell was verified. e) The magnitude of roll deformation due to the thermal expansion and roll separating force is quantit- atively represented in the analysis of continuous casting for stainless steel.

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제39권9호
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• pp.877-882
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 디지털 영상 보정 기법을 이용하여 이중 링 구조물의 열변형을 측정하였다. 이중 링 구조물은 열변형률이 상대적으로 큰 알루미늄 내부링과 열변형률이 상대적으로 작은 티타늄 외부링으로 이루어져 있다. 고온 챔버에서 링구조물을 $50^{\circ}C$부터 $200^{\circ}C$까지 가열하는 동시에 두 대의 카메라로 이중 구조물 표면의 영상을 촬영하였다. 시편의 내부링과 외부링에는 21 ${\mu}m$의 초기 간극이 있다. 이 초기 간극은 약 $80^{\circ}C$에서 접촉하게 되며 이후 같이 팽창하였다. 실험 결과를 해석과 비교하기 위하여 ANSYS를 이용한 유한요소 해석을 수행하였다. 디지털 영상 보정 기법을 사용하여 계측한 이중 링 구조물의 온도에 따른 변위 분포는 유한요소해석의 결과와 잘 일치하였다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.1805-1813
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• 2010

본 연구의 목적은 복합소재패널 즉 FRP 내력패널을 이용한 반강접 강골조의 내진성능평가이다. 강골조의 최적내진보강을 제안하기 위하여 중약지진 규모의 지진자료를 이용하여 모멘트골조에 복합소재패널의 보강위치를 바뀌어가며 해석을 수행하였다. 복합소재패널이 보강된 강골조의 지진해석은 시간이력해석을 이용하여 수행하였으며, 활용된 지반운동자료는 미국 NEHRP 프로젝트의 모멘트저항 골조에 활용한 자료 중, 50년 동안 지진이 일어날 가능성 10%, 50%의 확률을 가진 지진 20개씩을 활용하였다. 접합부는 현장에 많이 쓰이고 있는 반강접 접합부를 고려하였으며, 복합소재패널 연결부는 비선형 연결요소는 GAP을 사용하였다. 복합소재패널을 이용한 강골조가 패널을 보강하지 않은 무보강에 비해 보강패턴에 따라 보강효과를 검증해 보았으며, 보강 후 구조물응답에 대하여 고찰하였다.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.51-54
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• 2004

최근 양어 양식장은 증가하고 있으며 이러한 곳에 사용할 가열장치는 경울 수온 조절을 위해 사용된다. 해수 가열장치는 부식성이 높고 압력이 높은 곳에 사용하기 위하여 고강도와 내식성이 요구된다. 만약 저강도와 저내식성을 갖게 되면 결국 누설 또는 파손되어 해수오염을 일으킬 수 있다. 대부분의 부식은 정체된 액과 틈이 형성된 부위에서 부식의 발생이 일어난다. 이 연구에서는 430 스테인레스재를 크기 $15{\times}20{\times}3mmt$에 대하여 1N H2SO4 + 0.05N NaCl용액을 사용하여 틈부식을 시험하였다. 틈의 크기는 $0.24{\times}3{\times}15mmL$로 하였으며 외부에 300mV전위를 인가하였다. 실험 결과 틈 부식 유기 시간은 750초로 나타나고, 틈 전위 강화는 -320에서 -399mV로 나타나 부식의 주 원인이 전위강화 기구에 의해 발생하였다.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.221-229
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• 2017

In the international businesses human resource elements acquired in different countries might have different values in varied industries due to the different quality of education and experiences in the original countries. Using selection models to evaluate expected values in earnings equation of human resource elements such as education and experiences etc. acquired in sending countries, system equations are expanded to examine also the values of science and engineering degrees in technology jobs with selectivity bias correction. This paper used the US census survey data of 2015 on earnings, academic degrees, occupations etc. The US has long maintained the policy of accepting more STEM workers than any other countries and helped maintaining own technological leadership. Assuming per capita GDP gap between the sending country and the US downgrades immigrant human resource quality, it rarely affects occupational selection but depresses earnings on average by two or more years' worth of education. Immigrant quality index in the sense of GDP gap appears to be a valid tool to assess the expected earnings of the worker with. Engineering degrees increase significantly the probability of selecting not only engineering jobs but also general management jobs, as well as increasing the expected earning additionally over nine years'worth of education. Getting a technology job is additionally worth about four years of education. Economics and business degrees are worth additionally almost six years of education but humanities degrees depress expected earnings. Since years after immigration does not very fast enhance earnings capacity, education level and English language ability might be more useful criteria to expect better future earnings by.