• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
• /
• v.17 no.2
• /
• pp.177-182
• /
• 2006

In this work, we have prepared organophilic MMT having thermal stability by ion exchange reaction of various aromatic ammonium salts with MMT containing sodium ion. The organic modifiers having alkyl side chains and amine functional group were successfully synthesized by effectively introducing the surfaces of MMT via ion exchange reaction to form organophilic MMTs with a view to improve the reactivity and thermal stability. The WAXD patterns of organophilic MMT showed the more increased gallery spacing by $3.3{\AA}$ than that of the pristine MMT and also the onset of initial decomposition of organophilic MMT was $275^{\circ}C$ as determined by a thermogravimetric analysis. The polyimide (PI) nanocomposite films based on poly(amic acid) and organophilic MMT were prepared by a solution blending followed by cyclodehydration reaction. We have investigated the dispersity of organophilic MMTs in PI matrix by using WAXD and the effect of the organophilic MMT content on the mechanical properties of PI nanocomposite films was studied.

• Journal of Conservation Science
• /
• v.35 no.5
• /
• pp.440-452
• /
• 2019

This research has analyzed SI, the traditional steel, and SIHS(SI + HS), SICS(SI + CS), and SINiS(SI + NiS), the materials that were produced through welding and reprocessing three modern steel- HS, CS, and NiS- that have different carbon content. The purpose of the analyzation was to improve the definition of the multi-layered pattern that appears in the forging process. In observing modified structures on the commissures of three modern steel that have different carbon component to the SI, SINiS produced the most significant multi-layered pattern as well as the excellent welding quality. The excellent welding quality was due to the content of nickel which helped the forge welding process with other materials. There was no significant difference in crystal grain per materials, and SICS showed the highest hardness. At the measurement of EPMA for commissures of the materials, SINiS showed the highest definition of the multi-layered pattern due to the nickel and carbon content. The results above showed that the carbon steel with nickel content is the best material for the most definite multi-layered pattern, expressed from the multi-layered structure which is a characteristic of traditional forge welding technology. It is expected that the result of this research can be utilized as the technical data in further researches regarding the relics excavated from ancient welding process and their multi-layered structure and patterns.

• Journal of Conservation Science
• /
• v.34 no.2
• /
• pp.87-96
• /
• 2018

This study analyzed the influence of folding time on the forge welded bar and hammer scale produced using the traditional refining and forge welding reproduction experiment. In the case of the forge welded bar, increasing the forging time decreased the percentage of impurities and porosity from 26.09% to 1.8%. Additionally, the hardness increased by an average of 36.88 HV. In other words, the microstructure gradually became more precise. For the hammer scale, the amount of T Fe increased with forging time. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed the presence of quartz, fayalite, $w{\ddot{u}stite$, and magnetite. The amount of quartz decreased as the forging time increased. In addition, as the forging time increased, the granular $w{\ddot{u}stite$ changed into a cohesive, long, white band. The results provide information on the characteristics of the forge welded bar and hammer scale produced in the refining and forging process. This information can be used as technical data for ancient steel making processes as well as for future technological systems.

• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
• /
• v.7 no.1
• /
• pp.27-36
• /
• 2003

Environmental problems can be dealt in the diverse areas such as engineering, public administration, and law. However, the education on environmental preservation is conceived as the fundamental solution for environmental problems, because the education can make the person of action. Specifically, building the attitude and habit of environmental preservation through environmental education is the effective and efficient way of environmental preservation. This research was conducted to develop an education system that is designed to build students' attitude and habit of environmental preservation through acquiring knowledge and functions of natural environment. The proposed system supports diverse learning activities such as writing, drawing, listening natural sounds and music, and problem solving. The system is technically designed on the Web to promote students' creativity and autonomy, and also are theoretically based on constructivism to build the will of environmental preservation. Moreover, the proposed Web-based system includes diverse functions such as classes, material resources, environmental quiz pool, environmental work gallery, which motivate students' learning activities. Therefore the proposed Web-based system is expected as an effective tool to achieve the goals of environmental education such as acquiring environmental knowledge and functions, building attitude of environmental preservation, and participating in the environmental preservation activities.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
• /
• v.8 no.5
• /
• pp.161-167
• /
• 2017

We have fabricated and characterized $32{\times}32$ photonic quantum ring (PQR) laser arrays uniformly operable with $0.98{\mu}A$ per ring at room temperature. The typical threshold current, threshold current density, and threshold voltage are 20 mA, $0.068A/cm^2$, and 1.38 V. The top surface emitting PQR array contains GaAs multiquantum well active regions and exhibits uniform characteristics for a chip of $1.65{\times}1.65mm^2$. The peak power wavelength is $858.8{\pm}0.35nm$, the relative intensity is $0.3{\pm}0.2$, and the linewidth is $0.2{\pm}0.07nm$. We also report the wavelength division multiplexing system experiment using angle-dependent blue shift characteristics of this laser array. This photonic quantum ring laser has angle-dependent multiple-wavelength radial emission characteristics over about 10 nm tuning range generated from array devices. The array exhibits a free space detection as far as 6 m with a function of the distance.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.118-134
• /
• 2013

This paper analyzes the pubic nature of New Genre Public Arts. It is very sensitive to the social issues and supports democracy and communities with the diverse civic participation. Therefore, it is be widely known without doubt that new genre public arts is more public in nature compared to the previous public arts. This research observes the practices of new genre public art and focuses on the problems of the revealing nature of new genre public art through the analysis of the interrelations among government, artists, and the residents by through observation on the , Seoul City Gallery project from October 2008 to January 2009. The implementation of the project is divided into three constituent parts: local government for funding, artists for planning and implementing, and residents. Local government supports and commands the public art works to create more competitive and harmonious city. Artists emphasize the revitalization of community and take the residents as the passive objects of enlightenment. Whereas, the residents hope to use the funds to improve economic conditions. Artists accept the top-down commands of government, whereas residents tend to passively participate and become objects for enlightenment by artists, after all, might be alienated by the project. These kinds of communications and relationships raise the issue of the possibility of failure of public arts projects.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.38 no.4
• /
• pp.45-53
• /
• 2010

This paper has attempted to propose a more progressive direction for U-environmental sculptures in a ubiquitous urban space in terms of usability, service, function and formative characteristics that enhance user satisfaction with these sculptures. For this, Media Pole, a U-environmental sculpture on Gangnam U-Street, has been examined. The results of this study are as follows: First, a study of user satisfaction was planned after establishing levels of satisfaction in terms of service, function and formative characteristics. In terms of satisfaction by the section of Media Pole, the public transportation map was the most influential in service while street culture and beauty of shape were critical in function and formative characteristics, respectively. In the relationship between satisfaction by section and overall satisfaction, furthermore, functional satisfaction had the biggest influence. Therefore, the development of human-centered functional factors which have pleasant and touching stories to facilitate communication with citizens are important in order to develop various Media Pole contents to enhance user satisfaction with the U-environmental sculpture and allow it evolve into a Gangnam landmark Since we are in the initial stage of a U-city, there are many problems that need to be addressed such as a lack of natural beauty, poor material quality of environmental sculptures, absence of storytelling, poor technology, lack of content, poor profitability and lack of means of social communication. In the end, the development of a comfortable, people-friendly space and U-environmental sculptures are needed in consideration of economic, social and cultural aspects instead of focusing on advanced technology only.

• Journal of Science Education
• /
• v.42 no.2
• /
• pp.95-105
• /
• 2018

The purpose of this study was to develop a digital textbook on 'structure and contraction mechanism of skeletal muscle' with the learning model for biomimicry-based convergence. The unit of 'structure and contraction mechanism of skeletal muscle' is a part of Life Science I in high school. The convergence learning model was designed with three phases of biomimicry-based convergence (Exploration-Design-Implementation) including 3D modeling & printing. The developed digital textbook was composed of 8 sessions which contains the following learning contents : Exploration of skeletal muscle, creative designing of skeletal muscle using sketch application and 3D modeling, convergent implementing of the designed using 3D printing, exploration of muscle contraction, creative designing of muscle contraction using sketch application and 3D modeling, and convergent implementing of the designed using 3D printing. Each session is also involved in the contents of gallery widgets, media widgets, keynote widgets, sketch widgets, the cloud, polling widgets, and review widgets for interactive and mobile learning. After administering the developed digital textbook to 20 high school students, it was shown a positive effectiveness on life science learning for high school students. Moreover, the digital textbook was evaluated as to promote student's abilities on creative designs and implementation related to biomimicry-based convergence. The digital textbook was also shown a favorable response on students' interest and self-directed learning on life science.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
• /
• v.24 no.5
• /
• pp.470-476
• /
• 2014

A point of interest is a specific point location such as a cafe, a gallery, a shop, or a park. It consists of a name, a category, a location, and so on. Its information is necessary for location-based application, above all category is basic information. However, category information should be automatically gathered because it costs high to gather it manually. In this paper, we propose a novel method to estimate category of POIs automatically using an inner word and local context. An inner word is a word that contains POI's name. Their name sometimes expose category information. Thus, their name is used as inner word information in estimating category of POIs. Local context information means words around a POI's name in a document that mentioned the name. The context include information to estimate category. The evaluation of the proposed method is performed on two data sets. According to the experimental results, proposed model using combination inner word and local context show higher accuracy than that of model using each.

• The Journal of Art Theory & Practice
• /
• no.10
• /
• pp.183-202
• /
• 2010

The term "philosophizing art" was coined by Arthur Danto, who tried to define new forms of art, especially Andy Warhol's pop art appeared in New York after 1960's, which could not be explained by traditional concept of "representation". As Danto said "the term 'philosophizing art' is unclear, whether art discusses philosophical issues or art is the object of philosophic discussions", it does not seem like Danto himself had a specific idea when he used this term. The background for Danto coining this term derives from the fact that the old art concept such as denotation and connotation could not fully explain phenomenalistic aspects of concept art which appeared frequently at that time. Many articles in his book "philosophizing art", in which many of his criticism are included, mainly say that art begins philosophizing by dealing with not mimesis or representation but concepts. According to his argument, the history of western art, which has been consisted of mimesis and representation, has come to end when art is about physically embodied with meaning. Of course, as Danto say so, what goes to end is not art itself, but the narrative of art. It means master narrative saying art should be shown different from nature or artificial daily product is over. Danto could not find principals of mimesis and representation which had been main logic in the western art history, when he saw Andy Warhol's Brillo Boxes at Stable Gallery, New York in 1964. Danto questioned "if we can not distinguish Brillo box's artistic aspects visually from other factory-made products, how can we distinguish art from non-art", By answering those questions, he discovered two facts which made him realize the end of Art: One is there is no special way in which works of art have to be shown or has to exist. Therefore, art history has proven that commercial boxes, trashes and files of underwear can be a work of art. The other is we have fully recognized it at the end of 20thcentury. Danto confessed that through Brillo Boxes, he realized the works of art are decided by something can not be seen by eyes, not by distinguished differences by looking at it. This thesis is trying to show personal understanding about art, philosophy and discourses surrounding them and to figure out how Dante opened a new world to art criticism by using new definitions such as 'end of art' and 'philosophizing art' which Danto used to explain inner aspects of art.