• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
• /
• v.52 no.4
• /
• pp.343-362
• /
• 2024

Eurycoma longifolia (pasak bumi) is a popular medicinal plant in Indonesia and is widely used in various products. Its high economic value has caused illegal harvesting and product falsification. Using molecular techniques, the authentication and traceability of E. longifolia derivatives can be controlled to ensure consumer safety. Therefore, this study aimed to authenticate the products and derivatives of E. longifolia (pasak bumi) produced, marketed, and consumed in Indonesia using molecular identification techniques. Genomic DNA from 37 leaf samples collected from the Sumatran mainland and the Riau Islands and six E. longifolia products were amplified and sequenced using trnL-trnF and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions. The results revealed that all leaf samples were indeed E. longifolia based on the markers used, with the six products, only the herbal tea product (sample code TCPB) was most likely derived from E. longifolia based on the two regions, suggesting that not all products labelled as E. longifolia in the market are authentic. The results also indicated that several other plants species are used as substitutes or adulterants, including Simaba spp., Simarouba spp., Homalolepis spp., Vernonia gigantea, Elephantopus scaber, Gymnanthemum amygdalinum, Cyanthillium spp., Potentilla lineata, Ailanthus altissima, Geijera paniculata, Hannoa chlorantha, and Dalbergia spp. Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteria were also identified in this study on the outer wooden cup of E. longifolia products. Therefore, this molecular approach is effective in identifying the authenticity of E. longifolia products, with trnL-trnF and ITS as the recommended DNA markers.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
• /
• v.40 no.4
• /
• pp.210-216
• /
• 2013

Efficient regeneration methods and transformation system are a priority for successful application of genetic engineering to vegetative propagated plants such as grape (Vitis labrusca L.). This research is to establish shoot regeneration system from plant explants for 'Campbell Early', 'Tamnara', 'Heukgoosul', 'Heukbosek' using two types of plant growth regulators supplemented to medium. The highest adventitious shoot regeneration rate of 5% was achieved on a medium containing of Murashige and Skoog (MS) inorganic salts and Linsmaier and Skoog (LS) vitamins, 2 mg/L of TDZ and 0.1 mg/L of IBA. Leaf tissue of 'Campbell Early', was co-cultivated with Agrobacterium strains, LBA4404 containing the vector pBI121 carrying with CaMV 35S promoter, gus gene as reporter gene and resistance to kanamycin as selective agent, the other Agrobacterium strains, GV3101 containing the vector pB7 WG2D carrying with mPAP1-D gene. mPAP1-D is a regulatory genes of the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway. 'Campbell Early' harboring mPAP1-D gene was readily able to be selected by red color due to anthocyanin accumulation in the transformed shoot. These results might be helpful for further studies to enhance the transformation efficiency in grape.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• v.39 no.2
• /
• pp.104-111
• /
• 1996

We have isolated several proteinase inhibitor II genes pin2 from a Russet Burbank potato DNA library. One of these, pin2T was subcloned and a 1.8 kb Xbal/Nsil insert was sequenced. This fragment contained the complete Inhibitor II gene including 965 Up of flanking DNA upstream from the gene and 200 bp of flanking DNA downstream from the gene. The open reading frame encodes a protein that is similar to other reported proteinase Inhibitor II proteins. The DNA sequence of the 5' flanking region of pin2T from -714 to +1 is highly homologous (91% identity) with that of the previously isolated wound-inducible pin2K. There are, however, four small deletions in the pin2T promoter which are located at -221 to -200, -263 to -254, -523 to -426 and -759 to -708 relative to the transcription start site of the wound-inducible pin2K. Three of these deletions map to a portion of the promoter that controls the wound-inducibility of the proteinase inhibitor genes. Chimeric genes containing the promoter of the pin2T gene linked with the both CAT and GUS were constructed and transfered into tobacco plants. Analysis of these plants indicated that pin2T is not a wound-inducible gene but is expressed at low levels. Thus, wound-inducibility is lost with the concomitant natural deletion of three small regions of the promoter. Comparision of the sequences deleted in pin2T relative to the pin2K with Genebank sequences indicates that the deleted sequences contain a motif (consensus 5'-AGTAAA-3') that is found in many other wound-inducible genes but not easily found in the published promoter sequences of other plant genes. Nuclear proteins from unwounded and wounded potato leaves were bound to the proximal promoter region, downstream of the 5'-AGTAAA-3', of pin2T. The comparison of the pin2T gone with the pin2K gene indicates that the natural internal promoter deletions are likely responsible for loss of the wound-inducible phenotype in the pin2T gene.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
• /
• v.33 no.6
• /
• pp.947-954
• /
• 2015

To select suitable spray chrysanthemum cultivars for Agrobacterium-mediated transformation, thirty-nine (39) spray cultivars bred in the National Institutes of Korea and a standard cultivar Jinba from Japan were collected and tested for regeneration rate and Agrobacterium infection assays. MS medium with $0.5mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ IAA and $1.0mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ BAP was used for shoot regeneration from leaf disks and internodes. The shoot regeneration rate in leaf disks was the highest in cultivar BRM, followed by cultivars VS, WW and YTM. The cultivar JB (Jinba) used as a transformation material in previous reports ranked similarly to cultivars PK and SPP. In shoot regeneration from internodes, the shoot regeneration rate was the highest for cultivar PA, followed by cultivar WW. The infection rate of leaves and internodes of 40 chrysanthemum cultivars with agrobacterium was investigated. Cultivars WPP, YNW, VS, PP, WW, FA, PA and YMN showed the highest infection levels in leaves, whereas cultivars WPP, PA, PK and YNW had the highest infection levels in internodes. Considering all of these results, cultivars VS and WW were the most appropriate for gene transformation of chrysanthemum using leaves, while cultivar PA was for internodes.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.20 no.5
• /
• pp.204-211
• /
• 2020

This study investigates the 17 ordinances on the improvement of labor condition and status of social workers in the metropolitan city of Busan that has 16 administrative borough, or gu, and a central headquarter, and further verifies its implementation. Researchers identified the presence of 9 articles in each ordinances, followed by data request being made to all the administrative offices for their implementation. As a result, the articles on obligation, research on the actual condition, support plan and committee establishment have been excluded in many gus, which were in default of implementation or slower than ordinances stipulate. It is suggested that statements about the obligation of the head officers, preceding research on the actual condition before support plan and committee establishment should be made in the independent articles. Regarding its implementation, ordinances are required to have a regulatory power through penalty, reflect the actual demands of social workers in the field and go through a regular evaluation and monitoring on its implementation in order for purpose accomplishment.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
• /
• v.20 no.2
• /
• pp.133-144
• /
• 1993

Calli were induced on microtuber disks of potato(S.tuberosum) infected with three binary vectors transconjugated with C58, A281 and LBA 4404 of Agrobacterium tumefaciens and pBI121. The frequency inducing callus was the highest by infection of C121 carrying pC58 and pBI121, and shoots were differentiated on the calli without any hormonal application. Transformed calli were selected by their resistance to kanamycin and identified by GUS activity. The frequency of callus formation by infection of binary vector strain was affected according to the hormonal application.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
• /
• v.23 no.2
• /
• pp.11-22
• /
• 2017

This study is focused on five franchise snack bars to create an effective marketing strategy by analyzing the competitive relationships among them and by grasping selection properties that satisfy customers. Discriminant Analysis was utilized to suggest methodological frameworks, and the results show three factors (food quality, employees' service, and physical environment) were extracted that contains twenty five questions. A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was carried out in order to verify if there were statistically meaningful differences in the Franchise snack bars, and post hoc comparisons were conducted using the Duncan method. In addition, Multidimensional Scaling (MDS) was used to measure brand similarity, selection attributes, and brand preferences. The results of the analysis show that Addal had the highest scores on average in all three factors (food quality, employees' service, and physical environment), Bong-Gus Babberger had two higher scored factors (employees' service and physical environment) than the average, and Gobongmin kimbab had also two higher scored factors (food quality and physical environment) than the average. Kimbab chunguk appeared to have lower scores than the average in all three factors (food quality, employees's service, and physical environment). The findings of this study provide a useful positioning map of competitiveness among five brands and offer practical marketing proposals.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
• /
• v.49 no.3
• /
• pp.371-389
• /
• 2014

This study aims to analyze the redistricting problems in non-autonomous Gu. Although non-autonomous Gu is a just local administrative district, it has been regarded as an important and basic spatial unit in electoral redistricting. By the reform of Public Official Election Act in 2012, however, non-autonomous Gu is distinguished from local governments like Si, Gun and autonomous Gu, in boundary delimitation for the 19th National Assembly election, and some are divided into a part of another constituency. About these background, this study points out the following problems. First, in national scale, the reform of Act made the malapportionment in constituencies of non-autonomous Gus, comparing with those of local governments. Second, there was the discriminative application of Act in each non-autonomous Gu and it will make the malapportionment worse in next election, considering the reorganization of local administrative system. Finally, this study propose that it is necessary to select one from a variety of redistricting principles, especially between the prevention of gerrymandering, the representativeness of local government and the apportionment, prior to another amendment of redistricting system and the debate about political reform.

• Spatial Information Research
• /
• v.20 no.6
• /
• pp.23-32
• /
• 2012

This study applied an exploratory analysis based on Self Organizing Map and GIS to cause specific age-standardized regional death rates data related to ten types of male cancers to find meaning patterns in the data. Then the patterns revealed from the exploratory analysis was evaluated to investigate possible relationship between these patterns and regional socio-economic status represented by regional educational attainment levels of head of household. The results from this analysis show that SI-GUN-GUs in Korea can be clustered to eighteen unique clusters in the stand point of male cancer death rates and these clusters are also spatially clustered. Also, the results reveal that regions with higher socio-economic status show lower level of the death rates compared with the regions with lower socio-economic status. However, for some cancer types, the regions with higher socio-economic status show relatively higher death rates. These patterns imply that the prevention, detection, and treatment of male cancers might be strongly affected by regional factors such as socio-economic status, environmental factors, and cultures and norms in Korea. Especially, one of the eighteen clusters, which includes Gangnam-Gu and Seocho-Gu, shows lower death rates in many of male cancer types. This implies that socio-economic status may be one of the most influential factors for regional cancer control.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
• /
• v.41 no.3
• /
• pp.140-145
• /
• 2014

This study were carried out for selection of proper transformation variety and development of efficient regeneration and transformation methods. The number of shoot in commercial varieties of gourd plant were 0 ~ 7.3. and fusarium wilt resistant pure lines were 2.0 ~ 6.5 per dish containing on MS medium supplemented with 3 mg/L BA. The shoot regeneration frequency of fusarium wilt resistant pure lines were wide variation on the deviation. The expression of GFP was high 67% and 100% at the co-cultivation with Agrobacterium. The effective shoot regeneration plant hormone were combination BA and 2,4-D. The number and elongation condition of shoot was good after 4 weeks change with MS medium supplemented with 1 mg/L BA. Effective callus production plant hormone were combination of 3 mg/L BA and 0.1 mg/L 2.4-D.