• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.13 no.6
• /
• pp.2841-2846
• /
• 2012

Background: Many studies have investigated the association between the MDM2 promoter SNP309 T/G polymorphism and liver cancer risk, but inconsistencies make drawwing definitive conclusions difficult. Methods: We therefore searched main databases for articles relating MDM2 SNP309 T/G polymorphism to risk of liver cancer in humans and estimated summary odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) to assess the possible association in a meta-analysis. Results: The main analysis revealed no significant heterogeneity, and the pooled ORs of fixed-effects were all significant (for G versus T, OR = 1.59, 95% CI 1.42-1.78; for GG versus TT, OR = 2.45, 95% CI 1.93-3.12; for GT versus TT, OR = 1.70, 95% CI 1.38-2.09; for GG versus GT, OR = 1.49, 95% CI 1.24-1.79; for GG and GT versus TT, OR = 1.95, 95% CI 1.61-2.38; for GG versus TT and GT, OR = 1.73, 95% CI 1.46-2.07). Subgroup analyses by ethnicity and sensitivity analyses both showed associations to remain significant. Conclusion: The present meta-analysis of available data showed a significant association between the MDM2 SNP309 T/G polymorphism and liver cancer risk, the MDM2 SNP309 G allele contributing to increased risk in both Asians and Caucasians in a graded, dose-dependent fashion.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
• /
• v.30 no.3
• /
• pp.264-269
• /
• 2002

The production of exopolysaccharide from Zoogloea ramigera 115SLR in batch culture was affected by carbon sources, rifampicin concentration, inoculum size and cell density of starter culture. The increase of organic nitrogen concentration and cell density in defined medium by adding starter culture resulted in higher production of exopolysaccharide (EPS) within 2 days. Glucose and lactose as carbon sources showed EPS production of 10.7 gk and 10.5 ga, respectively. Higher EPS production was obtained with 2.5% (w/v) glucose. White sugar, brown sugar and galactose produced less than 10 gt of EPS. The optical density of starter culture affected on EPS yield, producing over 10 gt of EPS in the range of 1.0-1.7. In the presence of rifsmpicin, Z. ramigera 115SLR produced EPS of 12.9 gt. Molecular weight of EPS produced with/without rifampicin was determined with 1.367$\times$106 and 1.711$\times$106 g/mol using HPSEC-MALLS-RI, respectively.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
• /
• v.11 no.9
• /
• pp.971-977
• /
• 2002

The isolated strain, Rhodococcus sp. EL-GT was able to degrade high phenol concentrations up to 10 mM within 24 hours in the medium consisting of 5.3 mM $KH_2PO_4$. 95 mM $Na_2HPO_4$, 18mM $NH_4NO_3$, 1 mM $MgSO_4{\cdot}7H_2O$,\;50{\mu}M CaCl_2$,\;0.5 {\mu}M FeCl_3$, initial pH 8.0, temperature $30^{\circ}C$ in rotary shaker at 200 rpm. This strain was good cell growth and phenol degradation in the alkaline pH range range, and the highest in the pH range of 7 to 9. The microorganism was able to grow at the various chlorinated phenols, benzene, toluene, and bunker-C oil. As Rhodococcus sp. EL-GT was good capable of attachment on the acryl media, it would be used as microorganism to consist of biofilm in wastewater treatment.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.49 no.1
• /
• pp.52-60
• /
• 2004

The optimized in vitro culture system was investigated for improvement of regeneration efficiencies by observing the responses of scutella-derived callus of Korean rice (Oryza sativa L.). Large variations of callus induction (43.9-93.9%) and shoot regeneration (0-88.7%) were observed among the rice cultivars depending on medium. However, shoot regeneration was significantly improved by selected utilization of basal medium, growth regulators, and carbon sources. N6 basal medium was more efficient for embryogenic callus induction than MS or LS basal medium, while MS was superior to N6 for shoot regeneration. The calli of highly regenerative cultivars grew faster and showed higher rates of green tissue formation (GT) and shoot regeneration (SR) and lower rate of callus browning (CB) than those of recalcitrant cultivars. Although a higher level of kinetin stimulated the GT and SR in highly regenerative cultivars, $10\textrm{mgL}^{-1}$ kinetin generally suppressed the GT and SR, while CB was accelerated compared to $2\textrm{mgL}^{-1}$ kinetin. Additional benefits of sorbitol combined with maltose (or sucrose) under $5\textrm{mgL}^{-1}$ kinetin were certainly confirmed on regeneration efficiencies compared to sucrose alone as carbon source and osmotic regulator. This combination showed high rate of GT and SR with multiple shoots while low rate of CB. With MSRK5SM-Pr medium ($5\textrm{mgL}^{-1}$ kinetin, 3% sorbitol, 2% maltose, $500\textrm{mgL}^{-1}$ proline), the regeneration efficiencies of total 17 out of 24 cultivars were practically improved 160% on average compared to MSRK2S ($2\textrm{mgL}^{-1}$ kinetin, 3% sucrose) control medium. Especially, the medium was most effective to the cultivars showing a medium level of regenerability such as Daesanbyeo and Dongjinbyeo and Suwon477, enhancing efficiencies more than 300-600% compared to MSRK2S medium.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
• /
• v.34 no.6
• /
• pp.405-415
• /
• 2010

To assess the possible collision risk between Mokpo Harbour Bridge, which is under construction, and passing vessels, we proposed Real-Time Bridge-Vessel Collision Model (RT-BVCM) in this paper. The mathematical model of RT-BVCM consists of the causation probability by the vessel aberrancy due to navigation environments, the geometric probability by the structural feature of a bridge relative to a ship size and, the failure probability by the ship collision track and the stopping distance which is not to come to a stop before hitting the obstacles. Then, the probabilistic mathematical model represented as risk index with the risk level from 1 to 5. The merit of the proposed model to the collision model proposed by AASHTO (American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials) is that it can provide enough time to take adequate collision avoiding action. Through the simulation tests to the two kinds of test ships, 3,000 GT and 10,000 GT, it is cleary found that the proposed model can be used as a collision evaluation model to the passing vessel and Mokpo Harbour Bridge.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
• /
• v.29 no.4
• /
• pp.378-385
• /
• 2004

The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of preparation with GT files and profiles .04 in shaping of root canals and reconstruct the three-dimensional root canal system using micro computed tomography 40 canals of the extracted human mandibular molars were used, and randomly distributed into two experimental groups. In group 1. canals were prepared by GT files. In group 2, Profiles .04. were used. Apical preparation size was #30. For each tooth pre and post operative cross-sectional images were obtained by the micro CT at 50 micron intervals. Pre and post operative cross-sectional images of 1, 2, 3, 5, and 8mm from the apex were compared. For each section. canal area and centering ratio were determined. For each tooth pre- and post-operative root canal volume from the furcation to the apex of the roots was calculated by three-dimensional image software. Following results were obtained: 1. At 8mm from the apex, area of dentin removed by GT rotary file was significantly larger than that by Profile .04. And at the other levels there was not a significant difference. 2. There was a trend for GT rotary file to remain more centered in the canals than Profile .04 at all levels. But at 3mm level. there was a statistically significant difference. 3. In root canal volume increments after instrumentation, there was no significant difference between two groups.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
• /
• v.3 no.5
• /
• pp.501-505
• /
• 1999

Tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH), the rate-limiting enzyme in serotonin biosynthesis, is primarily expressed in serotonergic neurons of the raphe nuclei. Simple tandem repeat polymorphisms, typically one to four nucleotides long, are tandemly repeated several times and often characterized by many alleles. To identify the presence of polymorphic repeats, we sequenced the 5'-upstream region of the mouse TPH gene. For the detection of any allelic variants, polymerase chain reaction, nonisotopic single-strand conformation polymophism, and DNA sequencing analyses of the tandem repeat sequences were performed using genomic DNA extracted from 60 ICR mice. Two dinucleotide repeats, $5'-(AC/TG)_{22}-3'$ and $5'-(GT/CA)_{17}3',$ were identified at approximately - 5.7 kb and - 3.4 kb upstream from the transcriptional initiation site of the mouse TPH gene, respectively. Minor allelic variants, $5'-(AC/TG)_{21}-3'$ and $5'-(GT/CA)_{18}-3',$ were observed in heterozygous pairs from 3 of 60 and 1 of 60 ICR mice, respectively. The identification of these microsatellites in the mouse TPH promoter raises the possibility that identical and/or other polymorphic sequences might exist in the upstream region of the human TPH gene.

• Food Science and Preservation
• /
• v.14 no.5
• /
• pp.516-525
• /
• 2007

The effect on quality improvement of Chokochujang by the addition of green tea extract (GT) was evaluated on the basis of total cell numbers, pH, acidity, sugar content and sensory evaluation during its storage at $25^{\circ}C$ and $37^{\circ}C$ for 3 weeks. A dorminant strain was isolated from the Chokochujang and identified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens ER282 based on the 16S rDNA sequence. The ethanol extract from GT was investigated for its antibacterial activity aid showed good activities enough to use for Chokochujang as a natural preservative. Growth of microorganisms was significantly inhibited by adding GT extract to Chokochujang but pH, acidity, sugar content and color was not much changed. Sensory evaluation and overall preference, however, was continuously declined as storage period increased, whereas the addtion of 3% GT extract could delay the quality loss of Chokochujang during storage at $25^{\circ}C$ and $37^{\circ}C$ for 3 weeks.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• v.32 no.2
• /
• pp.161-170
• /
• 2008

The aim of this meta-analysis was to systematically investigate the anti-hepatotoxic effect of ginseng in rats induced toxicity which damage to liver. Primary researches were gained on the ScienceDirect database, the DBpia, and the KISS, and the data about the effect factors in plasma and in enzyme were listed as many as possible. The effect factors were alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), liver aminopyrine N-demethylase (AD), liver aniline hydroxylase (AH), liver 3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine (liver MDA), cytochrome P450 (P450), serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), cytochrome b5 (Cyto b5), glutathione reductase (GR), Liver glutathione S-transferase (GST), liver glutamyltransferase (GT), Liver (${\gamma}-GCS$), serum liver 3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine (serum MDA), serum sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH), serum total protein (TP), serum ${\gamma}-glutamyltransferase$ (${\gamma}-GT$). To investigate the effect of ginseng, the mean difference (MD) between the group of rats induced by toxicity (RH) and the group of rats induced by toxicity with ginseng (RHG) were combined, and the significance of MDs were tested. The combined MDs were checked the biases caused by heterogeneity among studies and the publication biases, and adjusted by using random effect model and trim and fill method, respectively. The effect about ALT, AST, ALP, LDH, SDH, TP and ${\gamma}-GT$ in plasma factors were significant, and about AD, liver MDA, P450, Cyto b5, GR, GST, GT and ${\gamma}-GCS$ in enzyme factors were significant. The treatment with ginseng supplementation was significantly effected on plasma and enzyme factors of damaged-rats.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
• /
• v.41 no.1
• /
• pp.23-36
• /
• 2016

We propose a new type of OFDM-CDMA scheme which allows large inter-user timing offset using zero correlation zone(ZCZ) code in conjunction with block spreading technique. Moreover to maximize spectral efficiency, the proposed OFDMA does not have guard time(GT). This is opposite to the trends in the conventional schemes where GT are supposed to be larger to allow larger inter-user timing offset. It is remarkable that the proposed GT-free OFDM-CDMA scheme completely cancels inter-user interference in the multipath fading simply by despreading process. This inter-user interference-free feature still remains even there exist inter-user timing offsets as large as multiple OFDM symbols. Although the self-user interference exists due to no GT, it can be effectively suppressed by simple successive interference cancellation(SIC) from the first symbol in spread block as it is free from inter symbol interference(ISI).