• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.727-730
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• 2011

The effects of various NaCl levels (0, 0.3, and 0.6 M) and pH values (pH 5.0, 5.5, 6.0, and 6.5) on the emulsifying and gelling properties of pork myofibrillar protein (MP) were assessed. The emulsion stability index (ESI), emulsifying activity index (EAI), and creaming index were measured at a 1:20 ratio of MP to corn oil. The EAI and ESI of pork MP showed maximum values at pHs 6.0 and 6.5 and at 0.3 M NaCl, resulting in better emulsion properties. Additionally, the cooking yield (CY) and gel strength (GS) of emulsified MP gel were measured at an MP: corn oil ratio of 1: 2; GS increased with increasing levels of salt. At 0.6 M NaCl, GS decreased with decreasing pH from 5.5 to 6.5. GS and gelling properties were optimal at pH 5.5 in 0.6 M salt. The highest CY was observed at 0.6 M NaCl, regardless of the pH value. However, increasing pH increased CY at salt levels of 0 and 0.3 M. These results indicate that NaCl and pH profoundly affected the emulsified MP system. Future work will be conducted on the rheological properties of the pork emulsified system as affected by adding non-meat protein.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.71-84
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• 2010

Purpose: In the theory of traditional medicine, Glenditsia spina(GS) can resolve carbuncle, relive swelling, dispel wind and destroy parasites. This study was designed to investigate the effects of GS on gene expression of ovarian tissue in polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS) rats. Methods: In this experiment, female rats injected with a single dose of 2 mg estradiol valerate(EV) and GS was given for 5 weeks. The genetic profile for the effects on ovarian tissue in PCOS rats was measured using microarray technique, and the functional analysis on these genes was conducted. Results: 985 genes were increased in control and restored to normal level in GS group. (B), 733 genes were decreased in control group and restored to normal level in GS group. (F). Metabolic pathways related in B group genes were Graft-versus-host disease, Allograft rejection, Autoimmune thyroid disease, Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, Small cell lung cancer, Type I diabetes mellitus. Metabolic pathways related in F group genes were Antigen processing and present, Adipocytokine signalling pathway, Focal adhesion, ECM-receptor interaction, Pancreatic cancer, Notch signalling pathway, Tight junction. The network of total protein interactions was measured using cytoscape program, and some key molecules, such as c-Fos, c-Myc, ABL1 related in B group, MAPK8, RASA1, CALR related in F group that can be used for elucidation of therapeutical mechanism of medicine in future were identified. Conclusion: These results suggest possibility of GS as anti-cancer and anti-hyperplasia drug in PCOS. In addition, the present author also suggests that related mechanisms are involved in suppression of proto-oncogene such as c-Fos, c-Myc and ABL1, and in regulation of cell cycle such as RASA1.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.247-255
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• 2017

This research was conducted to analyze removal efficiencies of non-point pollution source (NPS) in low impact development (LID) facilities with vegetation. In this research, removal efficiencies of NPS were calculated using rainfall monitoring data for 5 years in grassed swale (GS) and vegetative filter strip (VFS). TSS was greater than other pollutants, and it ranged 11.9 ~ 351.7 mg/L in GS and 12.8 ~ 350.7 mg/L in VFS. Outflow EMCs were reduced than inflow EMCs, overall removal efficiencies of NPS were 67 ~ 86% in GS and 63 ~ 91% in VFS. 50 % reduction efficiency of rainfall runoff was observed between inflow and outflow in each LID facility. TSS removal efficiency in GS and VFS was correlated with rainfall characteristics. The rainfall for TSS removal efficiency over 50% was determined about 31 mm, 34 mm and average rainfall intensity was 3.0 mm/hr, 3.9 mm/hr in GS and VFS. Therefore, GS and VFS were regarded effective LID facilities as removal of pollutants and rainfall runoff. Also, this research result can be used as an important data for management of NPS.

• Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.41-53
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• 1999

We have carried out high-resolution observations along one-dimensional cuts through the three Galactic super-shells GS 064-01-97, GS 090-28-17, and GS 174+02-64 in the HI 21 cm and CO J=l-0 lines. By comparing the HI data with IRAS data, we have derived the distributions of the $I_{100}$ and $T_{100}$ excesses, which are, respectively, the 100 ${\mu}m$ intensity and 100 ${\mu}m$ optical depth in excess of what would be expected from HI emission. We have found that both the $I_{100}$ and $T_{100}$ excesses have good correlations with the CO integrated intensity W co in all three supershells. But the $I_{100}$ excess appears to underestimate $H_2$ column density N($H_2$) by factors of 1.5-3.8. This factor is the ratio of atomic to molecular infrared emissivities, and we show that it can be roughly determined from the HI and IRAS data. By comparing the $T_{100}$ excess with $W_{co}$, we derive the conversion factor X $\equiv$ N ($H_2$) /$W_{co}{\simeq}$ 0.26 - 0.66 in the three supershells. In GS 090- 28-17, which is a very diffuse shell, our result suggests that the region with N($H_2$) $\le$ $3 {\times} 10^{20} cm^{-2}$ does not have observable CO emission, which appears to be consistent with previous results indicating that diffuse molecular gas is not observable in CO. Our results show that the molecular gas has a 60/100 ${\mu}m$ color temperature $T_d$ lower than the atomic gas. The low value of $T_d$ might be due either to the low equilibrium temperature or to the lower abundance of small grains, or a combination of both.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.479-489
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• 2011

Gluten is the main functional component of wheat, and is the main source of the viscoelastic properties in a dough. One of the gluten group is glutenin, which is composed of high molecular weight (HMW) and low molecular weight (LMW) subunits. The HMW glutenin subunits (HMW-GS) have been shown to play a crucial role in determining the processing properties of the grain. They are encoded by the Glu-1 loci located on the long arms of homeologous group one chromosomes, with each locus comprising two genes encoding x- and y-type subunits. The presence of certain HMW subunits is positively correlated with good bread-making quality. The highly conserved N- and C- terminal contaning cystein residues which form interand intra-chain disulphide bonds. This inter chain disulphide bonds stabilize the glutenin polymers. In contrast, the repetitive domains that comprise the central part of the HMW-GS are responsible for the elastic properties due to extensive arrays of interchain hydrogen bonds. In this review, we discuss HMW-GS, HMW-GS structure and gluten elasticity, relationship between HMW-GS and bread wheat quality and genetic engineering of the HMW-GS.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.291-301
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• 2013

This study researched and compared the sedimentation environment and photosynthetic pigments at Gomso (GS) -bay, Yoja (YJ) -bay and KangJin (KJ) -bay in May, 2012. It was shown that KJ-bay consist of C (clay) and M (mud), and GS-bay consists of Zs (silty sand) and Sz (sandy silt). Averagely, IL of YJ-bay was 4.98%, KJ-bay 6.10%, and GS-bay 1.45%. As for COD concentration, there were no places that exceeded Japanese sediment contamination standard 20 mg/g-dry. As for AVS concentration, in case of KJ-bay, two places exceeded Japanese sediment contamination standard 0.2 mg/g-dry. If we look into the average C/N ratio of bays, YJ-bay showed 8.50, KJ-bay 6.60, and GS-bay 5.52, thus all of them showed the characteristic of oceanic origin. As for the plankton make-up classified by photosynthetic pigments, diatom was dominant, and both ratios of pigment and C/chlorophyll. a showed the relatively lower distribution at GS-bay than at KJ-bay and YJ-bay. It is judged that this is related to the characteristic of flow-in, and it implies that predation process and decomposition by organic matters actively occurs at YJ-bay and KJ-bay.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.143-155
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• 2005

Objective : The purpose of this research is to examine the effects of Gleditsiae Spina (GS) extract on immune cells and cytokines in ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthmatic mice. Methods : In vivo, C57BL/6 mice were sensitized and handicapped by OVA for 12 weeks. During this experiment, the one group was then treated with GS extract for the later 8 weeks (3 times per week) and analyzed by ELISA, flow cytometer and RT-PCR. Results : In vivo, there were significant decreases in eosinophils, IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, IgE in BALF (bronchoalveolar lavage fluid). However, $IFN-{\gamma}$ in BALF of GS group increased significantly, compared with that of control group. Additionally, the population of $CD3e^-/CCR3^+,\;CD69^+/CD3e^+,\;IgE^+/B220^+,\;CD11b^+/Gr-l^+$ cells in the GS group decreased. Conclusion : The results of this study support a role for GS as an effective treatment for asthma in its experimental success in significantly decreasing inflammation and asthma reactions, and in increasing $IFN-{\gamma}$, which helps prevent such reactions.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.663-671
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• 1999

The linearity of the GaAs FET power amplifier(PA) is greatly influenced by source and load impedance for the FETs. The third order intermodulation products, IM3, from the GaAs FET PA are investigated in relation with source and load impedance. From heuristic as well as analytic point of view, e.g., Volterra series analysis, is employed to analyze the effects of nonlinear circuit elements, gate-source capacitance, $C_{gs}$, and drain-source current, $I_{ds}$. The sweet spots where soure and load impedance produce the least intermodulation products are calculated and compared with the load and source pull data with good agreements. It also shows that source impedance has a greater effect on the intermodulation products than the load impedcnce.

• Journal of Korea Society of Digital Industry and Information Management
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.57-68
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• 2018

This paper presents a smart firefighting appliances monitoring system based on big data analytics platform using GS1 for Smart City. Typical firefighting appliances are fire hydrant, fire extinguisher, fire alarm, sprinkler, fire engine, etc. for the fire of classes A/B/C/D/E. Among them, the dry chemical fire extinguisher have been widely supplied and 6 millions ones were replaced for the aging ones over 10 years in the past year. However, only 5% of them have been collected for recycling of chemical materials included the heavy metals of environment pollution. Therefore, we considered the trace of firefighting appliances from production to disposal for the public open service. In the paper, we suggest 1) a smart firefighting appliances system using GS1, 2) a big data analytics platform and 3) a public open service and visualization with the analyzed information, for fire extinguishers from production to disposal. It can give the information and the visualized diagrams with the analyzed data through the public open service and the free Apps.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.413-422
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• 2018

Many applications using satellite data from high-resolution multispectral sensors require an image fusion step, known as pansharpening, before processing and analyzing the multispectral images when spatial fidelity is crucial. Image fusion methods are to improve images with higher spatial and spectral resolutions by reducing spectral distortion, which occurs on image fusion processing. The image fusion methods can be classified into MRA (Multi-Resolution Analysis) and CSA (Component Substitution Analysis) approaches. To suggest the efficient image fusion method for Pleiades and KOMPSAT (Korea Multi-Purpose Satellite) 3 satellites, this study will evaluate image fusion methods for multispectral and panchromatic images. HPF (High-Pass Filtering), SFIM (Smoothing Filter-based Intensity Modulation), GS (Gram Schmidt), and GSA (Adoptive GS) were selected for MRA and CSA based image fusion methods and applied on multispectral and panchromatic images. Their performances were evaluated using visual and quality index analysis. HPF and SFIM fusion results presented low performance of spatial details. GS and GSA fusion results had enhanced spatial information closer to panchromatic images, but GS produced more spectral distortions on urban structures. This study presented that GSA was effective to improve spatial resolution of multispectral images from Pleiades 1A and KOMPSAT 3.