• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.97-105
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• 2006

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to verify the effects of the Qigong training program on the anxiety and labor pains of primipara. Method: The research subjects were a total of 60 primipara who consulted a doctor regularly concerning their antenatal care. Among them, 30 people were the experimental group, and the other 30 people were the control group, and were selected as homogeneous with the experimental group. The degree of anxiety and labor pains were measured by State-Trait Anxiety Inventory(STAI) and Graphic Rating Scale(GRS). SPSS WIN 11.0 was used for data analysis. Obstetric and general characteristics between experimental and control groups, and a homogeneity test of state and trait anxiety were done by both $X^2$ test and t-test. The hypothesis testing was analyzed by ANCOVA with a covariate of pretest value. Result: The first hypothesis, 'Primipara who join the Qigong training program have lower anxiety than those who do not join' was supported (F=28.8, p<.000). The second hypothesis, 'Primipara who join the Qigong training program have lower labor pain than those who do not join' was unsupported. Conclusion: It was verified that the Qigong training program was effective in alleviating anxiety; however it did not have any effect on relieving labor pain, so more in-depth research is needed later on.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.203-209
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• 2006

For $P_B=50,\;{\Delta}T=10K$, Ar=5, Pr=2.36, Le=0.015, Pe=1.26, Cv=1.11, the intensity of solutal convection (solutal Grashof number $Grs=3.44x10^4$) is greater than that of thermal convection (thermal Grashof number $Grt=1.81x10^3$) by one order of magnitude, which is based on the solutally buoyancy-driven convection due to the disparity in the molecular weights of the component A($Hg_2Cl_2$) and B(He). With increasing the partial pressure of component B from 10 up to 200 Torr, the rate is decreased exponentially. The convective transport decreases with lower g level and is changed to the diffusive mode at 0.1 $g_0$. In other words, for regions in which the g level is 0.1 $g_0$ or less, the diffusion-driven convection results in a parabolic velocity profile and a recirculating cell is not likely to occur. Therefore a gravitational acceleration level of less than 0.1 $g_0$ can be adequate to ensure purely diffusive transport.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.327-334
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• 2017

Common-cause failure (CCF) events can significantly impact the availability of safety systems of nuclear power plants. For this reason, the International Common Cause Data Exchange (ICDE) project was initiated by several countries in 1994. Since 1997 it has been operated within the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)/Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) framework and has successfully been operated over six consecutive terms (the current term being 2015-2017). The ICDE project allows multiple countries to collaborate and exchange CCF data to enhance the quality of risk analyses, which include CCF modeling. As CCF events are typically rare, most countries do not experience enough CCF events to perform meaningful analyses. Data combined from several countries, however, have yielded sufficient data for more rigorous analyses. The ICDE project has meanwhile published 11 reports on the collection and analysis of CCF events of specific component types (centrifugal pumps, emergency diesel generators, motor operated valves, safety and relief valves, check valves, circuit breakers, level measurement, control rod drive assemblies, and heat exchangers) and two topical reports. This paper presents recent activities and lessons learnt from the data collection and the results of topical analysis on emergency diesel generator CCF impacting entire exposed population.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2008.07a
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• pp.402-403
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• 2008

한전의 신배전정보시스템(NDIS)은 지리정보시스템(GIS)을 활용하여 전국에 시설되어 있는 방대한 배전설비를 데이터베이스로 구축한 후 배전계획, 배전설계, 공사관리, 준공정산, 자산취득, 유지보수 등 배전분야 전반의 업무를 수행하고 고객정보시스템과 연계하여 영업업무를 지원하는 시스템으로 저압공급방안검토, 고압계통분석, 보호협조검토, Simulation 등 배전분야에서 필요한 다양한 기술지원 기능과 경제적인 투자계획, 효율적인 유지보수 등을 위한 배전통계 및 자원정보 등 장기적 관점의 경영정보 인프라를 구축하여 배전설계에서 준공까지 업무흐름 표준화, 업무처리 절차, 방법 등을 시스템에서 자동 지원토록하여 반복적인 배전정보 관리업무의 정확도 향상을 목적으로 만들어진 시스템이다. 신배전 정보시스템의 배전설비는 모두 위치값을 가지고 있는데 지중배전설비는 위치에 대한 측량 및 탐사를 시행하여 신배전정보시스템에 DB입력하여 사용하고 있으며 이 입력 좌표체계는 한정된 일부지역에서만 사용할 수 있는 동경측지계를 사용하고 있다. 2010년 부터는 이동 경측지계를 전 세계적으로 GPS측량값을 그대로 적용할 수 있는 세계 측지계로 사용토록 측량법에 명시되어 있어 신배전정보시스템의 배전설비를 전환 프로그램을 개발하여 전환하고자 한다.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.530-538
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• 2020

The Gustatory system enables animals to detect toxic bitter chemicals, which is critical for insects to survive food induced toxicity. Cucurbitacin is widely present in plants such as cucumber and gourds that acts as an anti-herbivore chemical and an insecticide. Cucurbitacin has a harmful effect on insect larvae as well. Although various beneficial effects of cucurbitacin such as alleviating hyperglycemia have also been documented, it is not clear what kinds of molecular sensors are required to detect cucurbitacin in nature. Cucurbitacin B, a major bitter component of bitter melon, was applied to induce action potentials from sensilla of a mouth part of the fly, labellum. Here we identify that only Gr33a is required for activating bitter-sensing gustatory receptor neurons by cucurbitacin B among available 26 Grs, 23 Irs, 11 Trp mutants, and 26 Gr-RNAi lines. We further investigated the difference between control and Gr33a mutant by analyzing binary food choice assay. We also measured toxic effect of Cucurbitacin B over 0.01 mM range. Our findings uncover the molecular sensor of cucurbitacin B in Drosophila melanogaster. We propose that the discarded shell of Cucurbitaceae can be developed to make a new insecticide.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.15B no.1
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• pp.69-72
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• 2008

This study aims to identify dependency structures in Korean sentences with the cascaded chunking. In the first stage of the cascade, we find chunks of NP and guess grammatical relations (GRs) using Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifiers for all possible modifier-head pairs of chunks in terms of GR categories as subject, object, complement, adverbial, etc. In the next stages, we filter out incorrect modifier-head relations in each cascade for its corresponding GR using the SVM classifiers and the characteristics of the Korean language such as distance between relations, no-crossing and case property. Through an experiment with a parsed and GR tagged corpus for training the proposed parser, we achieved an overall accuracy of 85.7%.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.41 no.9
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• pp.1135-1142
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• 2009

The activities related to this paper are to investigate the influence of nodalisation on simulating atmospheric stratification in the THAI experiment TH13 (ISP-47) with the German containment code COCOSYS. This article focuses on different nodalisations of the vessel dome, where an atmospheric stratification occurred due to a high helium content. The volume of the dome was divided into several levels that were varied horizontally into different geometries. These geometries differ in the number of zones as well as in the existence of zones that enable the direct rise of an ascending steam plume into the vessel dome. Additionally, the vertical subdivision of the vessel dome was increased to simulate density gradients in a more detailed way. It was pointed out that the proper simulation of atmospheric stratifications and their dissolution depends on both a suitable horizontal as well as vertical nodalisation scheme. Besides, the treatment of fog droplets has an influence if their settlement is not simulated correctly. This report gives an overview of the gained experience and provides nodalisation requirements to simulate atmospheric stratifications and their proper dissolution.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.116-124
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• 2019

$M^2LFR-1000$ is a medium-power modular lead-cooled fast reactor, developed by University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), aiming at achieving a reactor design fulfilling the Gen IV nuclear system requirements and meanwhile emphasizing the optimum safety and economics. In order to evaluate the safety performance of $M^2LFR-1000$ reactor core, three typical transients are selected from initiating events, which are unprotected transient overpower (UTOP), unprotected loss of offsite power (ULOHS+ULOF) and increase of feedwater flowrate with primary pumps trip (IFW+PLOF). These three transients presented and discussed in this paper are performed with the code Analysis of THermal-hydraulics of LEaks and Transients (ATHLET), which is developed by Gesellschaft $f{\ddot{u}}r$ Anlagen-und Reaktorsicherheit gGmbH (GRS). The results indicate that the $M^2LFR$ is safe enough under these three transients due to the good inherent safety features of the reactor, without human intervention, the reactor will reach a new steady state under UTOP condition.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.145-153
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• 2009

Purpose: The effects of aroma massage on pain, activities of daily living, and fatigue were investigated in the patients who have knee osteoarthritis. Method: A quasi-experimental design with non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest measures was used. Twenty one and twenty subjects were included in control and experimental group, respectively. Subjects in experimental group had aroma massage which used lavender, chamomile, and ginger oil on painful knee. They were encouraged to implement aroma massage at least two times a day for 2 weeks. Subjects in the control group had conventional oil massage implementing by exactly same method as did in the experimental group. GRS(graphic rating scale), Korean version of WOMAC (Western Ontario and McMaster) osteoarthritis index, and MAF(multidimensional assessment of fatigue) were used to measure the outcome variables such as pain, activities of daily living and fatigue, respectively. Results: After 2 weeks, those in the experimental group reported significantly less pain and fatigue and better activities of daily living than those in the control group. Conclusion: Based on these results, aroma massage could be recommended as a self managed intervention for the patients with knee osteoarthritis.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.78.2-78.2
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• 2019

The temperature control of a scientific device is essential because extreme temperature conditions can cause hazard issues for the operation. We developed a software which can interact with the temperature sensor using the GMT SDK(Giant Magellan Telescope Software Development Kit) version 1.6.0. The temperature sensor interacts with the EtherCAT(Ethernet for Control Automation Technology) slave via the hardware adapter, sending and receiving data by a packet. The PDO(Process Data Object) and SDO(Service Data Object), which are the packet interacts with each EtherCAT slave, are defined on the TwinCAT program that enables the real-time control of the devices. The user can receive data from the device via grs(GMT Runtime System) tools and log service. Besides, we programmed the software to print an alert message on the log when the temperature condition changes to certain conditions.