• Journal of Life Science
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.233-240
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• 2017

Previously, we have shown that Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill. (S. chinensis) has a protective effect against endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-induced hepatic steatosis. Gomisin A is a bioactive phytoestrogen derived from S. chinensis. In the present study, the in vitro and in vivo effects of gomisin A on ER stress and hepatic steatosis were investigated. We quantified the expression of markers of ER stress, including glucose regulated protein 78 (GRP78), C/EBP homolog protein (CHOP), and X-box-binding protein-1 (XBP-1), in HepG2 cells treated with tunicamycin or palmitate. Tunicamycin treatment in HepG2 cells induced the expression of markers of ER stress, including GRP78, CHOP, and XBP-1c. However, treatment with gomisin A reduced the expression of markers of ER stress. These inhibitory effects were also observed in palmitate-incubated HepG2 cells. The in vivo inhibitory effects of gomisin A were assessed in mice injected with tunicamycin or fed with a high fat diet (HFD). Gomisin A reduced the expression of markers of ER stress and decreased triglyceride levels in the livers of mice after tunicamycin injection or HFD feeding. Furthermore, gomisin A decreased the expression of inflammatory genes in palmitate-incubated HepG2 cells and the liver of HFD-fed obese mice. These results suggest that gomisin A inhibits ER stress and ameliorates hepatic steatosis induced by ER stress.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.543-551
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• 2020

Red rose petals are usually disposed but they are an abundant source of phenolics and traditionally used as food supplement and as herbal medicine. Of the Various phenolics, they are known to have anticancer, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of red rose ethanolic extracts(GRP) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated RAW 264.7 cells. The results demonstrated that pretreatment of GRP(500㎍/mL) significantly reduced NO production by suppressing iNOS protein expression in LPS-stimulated cells. Anti-inflammatory effects byred rose petal were observed in the following. Red rose petal inhibited the translocation of NF-κB from the cytosol to the nucleus via the suppression of IκB-α phosphorylation and also inhibited LPS-stimulated NF-κB transcriptional activity. These findings suggest that red rose petal exert anti-inflammatory actions and help to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the potential therapeutic values of red rose petal. Therefore, red rose petal could be regarded as a potential source of natural anti-inflammatory agents.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.179-183
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• 2010

This study is to characterize the postulated anti-inflammatory effect of the hot water extracts from the Phellinus baumii. RAW264.7, macrophage cell line, was activated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and, further, treated with Phellinus baumii's aqueous extract. When the cultured macrophage cells were treated with LPS, they show typical signs of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and an increment in secretion of inflammatory cytokine compared to the non-treated control: The expression of glucose-regulated protein78 (Grp78), Grp94, and C/EBP homologous protein/GADD 153 (CHOP) increased along with augmented secretion of interlukin-6. Cellular nitric oxide content also significantly went up in comparison to the non-LPS treatment. When the LPS-treated RAW264.7 was treated with the aqueous Phellinus baumii extracts, however, the expression of ERS markers markedly reduced and the release of nitric oxide declined. Also, the expression of induced nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) notably diminished similarly as the NO content. In conclusion, this study strongly indicated that aqueous Phellinus baumii extract can be utilized directly as anti-inflammation agent and serves as a source of functional ingredient to lessen the inflammation.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.329-334
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• 2014

Recently, various electronic functions are developed for car drivers as the advent of electrical automobile. Especially, there are functions to examine for preventing drowsy or healthcare through monitoring brainwave(EEG) of drivers in real time. This function can be provided by transmitting driver's EEG, and the network function for transmission among cars or between car and road side infrastructure is a vital issue. Therefore, in this paper, to provide efficient routing protocol for transmitting EEG data at a cross road in an urban area, 5 different wireless communication network applied each routing protocol such as AODV, DSR, GRP, OLSR, and TORA is designed and simulated in the OPNet network simulator, then it is evaluated for the result.

• BMB Reports
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.311-316
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• 1999

Studies in adipocytes indicate that secretion of active lipoprotein lipase (LPL) was strictly regulated by a quality control system in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). However, there has been no report about the ER chaperones participating in the folding and assembly of LPL. Many chaperones are known to bind unfolded proteins and dissociate from them through the ATP-hydrolyzing reaction. In this study, putative ER chaperones for LPL were determined by affinity chromatography using denatured LPL as an affinity ligand and elution with ATP. BiP, grp94, calreticulin, and another 50 kDa K-D-E-L protein in the ER of rat adipose tissue were bound to denatured LPL and eluted by ATP. Calnexin was bound to denatured LPL; however, it was not eluted by ATP but by acetic acid. These results indicate that, at least, BiP, grp94, calreticulin, calnexin, and the unidentified 50 kDa protein might act as putative chaperones for the proper folding and assembly of LPL in ER.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.466-469
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• 2004

The recombinant bioluminescent Escherichia coli strains, DPD2511 and TV 1061 containing the katG and grpE promoters, respectively, from Vibrio fischeri fused to luxCDABE, were used to detect the adaptive and repair responses to oxidative damage caused by hydrogen peroxide $(H_2O_2)$, and protein damage due to phenol. The response ratio, represented as the bioluminescence induced in subsequent inductions of DPD2511 and TV1061 with the mother cells previously induced by each chemical, i.e., $H_2O_2$ and phenol during the previous induction stage, decreased suddenly compared with the ratio of the control culture of each strain, meaning there is a possible adaptive response to stress caused by chemicals. Protein damage due to phenol was completely repaired by the second culturing after the initial induction, as was oxidative damage caused by $H_2O_2$ which was also rapidly repaired, as detected by the recovery of bioluminescence level. This result suggests that E. coli promptly adapt and repair oxidative and protein damage by $H_2O_2$ and phenol completely.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.239-245
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• 2007

DnaK is a major antigen in Streptococcus pneumoniae, and is induced by a minor shift in temperature (30 to $37^{\circ}C$) but not by ethanol shock. Although HrcA in the presence of $Ca^{{+}{+}}$ represses the expression of both groEL and hrcA, the control of transcription of the dnaK operon is not completely understood. In this study, the dnaK operon of S. pneumoniae (5' hrcA-grpE-dnaK-dnaJ) was cloned and analyzed. It contains large intergenic regions in grpE/dnaK and dnaK/dnaJ. Pulse labeling with [$^{35}S$]-methionine and immunoblot analyses revealed the presence of higher levels of DnaK than of HrcA even in the presence of $Ca^{{+}{+}}$ after heat shock suggesting that $Ca^{{+}{+}}$ differentially regulates the heat shock responses of hrcA and dnaK. By blocking de novo mRNA synthesis with rifampin it was shown that neither the hrcA nor the groEL transcripts were stabilized by heat shock even though dnaK transcripts were stabilized. We conclude that S. pneumoniae uses fine regulation of the transcription of the individual genes of the tetracistronic dnaK operon to cope with the various stresses experienced during infections.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.346-351
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• 2012

Cells show various stress signs when they are challenged with severe physiological problems. Majority of such cellular stresses are conveyed to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and unfolded protein response (UPR) serves as typical defense mechanism against ER stress. This study investigated an interaction between ER stress agents using macropage cell line Raw 264.7. When activated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), the cell lines showed typical indicators of ER stress. Along with molecular chaperones, the activation process leads to the production of additional inflammatory mediators. Following activation, the macrophage cell line was further treated with TUN and characterized in terms of chaperone expression and cytokine secretion. When treated with TUN, the activated macrophage cell leads to increased secretion of IL-6 although expression of ER stress markers, GRP94 and GRP78 increased. The secretion of cytokines continued until the addition of BFA which inhibits protein targeting from ER to Golgi. However, secretion of cytokines was ceased upon dual treatments with BFA and TG. This result strongly implies that cells may differently deal with various polypeptides depending on the urgency in cellular function under ER stress. Considering IL-6 is one of the most important signal molecules in macrophage, the molecule might be able to circumvent ER stress and UPR to reach its targeting site.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.8 no.2 s.28
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• pp.1-12
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• 2006

An existing Steel pipe, Cast iron pipe and Concrete pipe is can not escaped from aging, specially Metal tube is causing many problems that the quality of water worse is concerned about many rust and mike efficient use of preservation of water. The use of Glassfiber Reinforced Plastic Pipe(GRP PIPE) should be one of the possible scheme to get over these problems. The GRP PIPE has an excellent resistance power and the life is lasting from 50 to 100 years roughly. It's to be useful as a result of high durability and a good construction work also it is a light weight therefore can be expected to short the time of construction and man power. In this research, to executed the small-scaled model test, in-situ model test using CLSM of in-situ soil and to evaluated the stress - strain of the pipe also try to estimated how useful is. From the model test in laboratory, the vertical and horizontal deformation of the GRP PIPE measured in six instance using 200mm and 300mm in diameters. The value of experimentation, theory, analysis got the same results of the test, but the vertical and horizontal deformation gauged in small and the earth pressure was almost zero using CLSM of in-situ soil..

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Fisheries Technology Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.181-182
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• 2001

세계식량기구(FAO)에 의하면, 해조류의 생산량은 연간 2천만톤이며, 국내 생산량은 연간 약 80만톤에 이른다. 이 중 미역, 김, 다시마는 주요 양식 대상종으로 주로 식품으로 소비되고 있는 해조류들이다. 최근 해조를 위시한 해양생물에는 육상생물과는 다른 약효활성이 있는 것으로 주목받아 많은 연구가 진행되고 있다(박종철 등, 2000, Unson, M. D. et al., 1993). 항균활성을 나타내는 본체는 다양하여 GRP(galactose-rich polysaccharide)(Gerlach, D. et al., 1994), flavonoid (Calzada, F., 1999) 등 여러 대상으로 연구되고 있다. (중략)