• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.56-64
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• 1981

In order to evaluate the mode of action of ginseng saponin. metabolic changes in the plasma of normal and aloxan-intoxicated rats were compared Normal groups were administered only ginseng saponin 0, 5, 50mg/kg for 16 days, but alloxan-intoxicated groups were administered alloxan 25mg/kg for 3 days in addition to ginseng saponin. (1) No significant change in the concentration of glucose, cholesterol, and triglyceride (TG) was observed in normal rats but great inhibitory effect, except elevation of TG, was observed in alloxan-intoxicated rats. However, blood urea nitrogen was elevated in both normal and alloxan- intoxicated rats by administration of ginseng saponin 50mg/kg, and it was considered to be due to the impaired kidney function caused by overdose toxicity. (2) In normal rats, COT and ALP actIn,its were not changed by administration of ginseng saponin but GPT activity was decreased significantly. In alloxan-intoxicated rats, ginseng saponin exerted inhibitory action on the elevation of COT, CPT and ALP activity. But administration of ginseng saponin Smghg was much more effective than administration of 50mg/kg. (3) There fore, we concluded that ginseng saponin has the adaptogenic activity showing little effect on normal metabolism but great preventive action on alloxan-intoxicated rats.

• 동국한의학연구소논문집
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• 제4권
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• pp.327-338
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• 1995

The purpose of this study is to observe the effect of Nanganjeon on serum reaction in $CCl_4$ treated rats. In this study, the experimental rats divided four group(Control group, $CCl_4$ group, Haeganjeon group, and Sample group) : Under the same condition, control group were administered water, sample group were administered Nanganjeon for 7days. And then, both $CCl_4$ group and sample group were injected to abdomen with $CCl_4$ for 1days. The change of GOT, GPT, ALP, LDH, and bile acid activity in blood serum. The obtained results are summarised as follows : 1. In the change of SGOT, SGPT contents, as compared with control group, sample group was significantly decreased. 2. In the change of serum ALP contents, as compared with control group, sample group was significantly decreased. 3. In the change of serum bile acid contents, as compared with control group, sample group was significantly decreased. 4. In the change of serum LDH contents, as compared with control group, sample group was significantly decreased.

• 동국한의학연구소논문집
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• 제4권
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• pp.313-325
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• 1995

The purpose of this study is to observe the effect of Whaganjeon on serum reaction in $CCl_4$ treated rats. In this study, the experimental rats divided four group(Control group, $CCl_4$ group, Whaganjeon group, and Sample group) : Under the same condition, control group were administered water, sample group were administered Whaganjeon for 7days. And then, both $CCl_4$ group and sample group were injected to abdomen with $CCl_4$ for 1days. The change of GOT, GPT, ALP, LDH, and bile acid activity in blood serum. The obtained results are summarised as follows : 1. In the change of SGOT, SGPT contents, as compared with control group, sample group was significantly decreased. 2. In the change of serum ALP contents, as compared with control group, sample group was significantly decreased. 3. In the change of serum bile acid contents, as compared with control group, sample group was significantly decreased. 4. In the change of serum LDH contents, as compared with control group, sample group was significantly decreased.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.145-160
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• 2007

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to observe the anti-oxidative effects of electroacupuncture at Wijung (BL40) in rats. Methods : The author performed several experimental items including measurements of body weight, liver index, levels of albumin, total bilirubin, LDL-cholesterol, LDH, GOT and GPT in blood serum, and levels of SOD, glutathione, catalase, No and MDA (malondialdehyde) in liver, histological analysis of liver. Results : 1. In the BL40-EA group, liver index was decreased significantly compared to those of the control group, the holder group and the sham-EA group. 2. In the BL40-EA group, the albumin level was increased significantly compared to those of the control and holder group. LDL-cholesterol and GOT level were increased significantly compared to those of the control group and the holder group. 3. In the BL40-EA group, the SOD activity & the Catalase activity were decreased significantly compared to those of the control group and the holder group. 4. In the BL40-EA group, the density of liver tissue was more similarly maintained to the normal group compared to those of the control group and the holder group. Conclusion : These results suggest that electroacupuncture at BL40 has an antioxidant effect in human, and hereafter continuous study & clinical application is needed.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.1-11
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• 1981

In order to elucidate the effects of Panax Ginseng on the pharmacokinetics of sulfobromophthalein (BSP) in a pathological condition, patho-physiological changes, the kinetics of the disappearance of BSP from the blood and appearance in the bile were studied in rats. Group I , the control group, was produced by repeated injection of olive oil 0.1ml/100g under the skin of the back twice a week for 9 weeks. Group II , the Ginseng pretreated group, was produced by administration of Ginseng total saponin 200mg/kg/day P.O. for 10 days and subsequent injection of $CCl_4$ 0.1ml/100g under the skin of the back twice a week for 9 weeks. Group III , the chronically intoxicated group, was produced by repeated injection of $CCl_4$ 0.1ml/100g under the skin of the back twice a week for 9 weeks. The results obtained were summarized as follows; 1. The activities of GOT GPT of rat blood serum, body weight, and liver weight were affected by the pretreatment with Ginseng saponin. 2. The kinetics of the disappearance of BSP from the blood were affected by the pretreatment with Ginseng saponin. 3. The appearance of BSP in the bile was significantly affected by the pretreatment with Ginseng saponin.

• 대한약리학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.45-50
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• 1969

Alloxan is a well known diabetogenic agent which destroys the beta-cell of the Langerhan's islet. The authors investigated the influence of the repeated infusion of glucose solution upon the toxicity of alloxan in the mice. The effects of glucose on the blood sugar content and the serum transaminase (S-GOT and S-GPT) activities in the rabbits treated with alloxan were also observed. The results were as follows: 1. The $LD_{50}$ of alloxan in mice showed a slight decrease by pretreatment with glucose for one or two weeks. 2. The elevated blood sugar level in rabbits induced by alloxan shelved a significant fall for the first 3 days by pretreatment with glucose. 3. The increased serum transaminase activities in rabbits induced by alloxan decreased for the first 3 days by pretreatment with glucose.

• 약학회지
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• 제40권5호
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• pp.563-573
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• 1996

The system most likely responsible for the accelerated metabolism of alcohol with chronic ingestion or at high blood ethanol levels, is the microsomal ethanol-oxidizing system(M EOS). While the increase in the MEOS with chronic ethanol ingestion is thought to be adaptive, it may also have serious adverse effects on the liver. The rates of the NADPH-dependent oxygen consumption by the liver microsomes from the prolonged ethanol fed rats were 2 times higher than the rates from the non-treated rats. With the alcohol ingestion, the total SH and nonprotein SH contents showed the significant decrease and at the same time, MDA in liver and GOT and GPT levels in blood showed the significant increase, which suggests the occurrence of liver damage due to the oxidative stress caused by chronic alcohol consumption. The mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase(ALDH) activity was decreased by chronic ethanol ingestion, whereas the alcohol dehydrogenase activity and the cytosolic ALDH activity were not altered. These results suggest that the induction of cytochrome P450 by the chronic alcohol ingestion increases the oxidative stress which seems to result in the altered the physiological states of the liver including the ALDH activity, which may in turn to lead to the liver disease.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 1998

This study was designed to investigate the optimum recommendation level on Gatrodia rhizoma and the effects on the improvement of the lipids in the dietary hypercholesterterolemic rats. Experimental diets mixed with 5% Dioscorea batatas(Group 2), 10% Dioscorea batatas(Group 3), 15% Dioscorea batatas (Group 4) 5% Gastrodia rhizoma (Group 5), 10% Gastrodia rhizoma (Group 6), and 15% Gastrodia rhizoma (Group 7), were administered to the male rats of the Sprague Dawley for 3 weeks. Concentration of total cholesterol in serum was lower in the Gastrodia rhizoma groups than in the other groups, especially total cholesterol concentration of 10% Gastrodia rhizoma(Group 6) was the lowest in the Gastrodia rhizoma groups. Concentration of HDL-cholesterol in serum was higher in the 10% Gastrodia rhizoma and 15% Gastrodia rhizoma than in the other groups. Concentrations of cholesteryl ester, LDL, LDL-cholesterol in serum were the lowest in the 10% Gastrodia rhizoma. Concentration of glucose and activity of GPT in serum were the lowest in the 10% Gastrodia rhizoma group. The activity of GOT in serum was lower in the 10% Gastrodia rhizoma group and 15% Gastrodia rhizoma group than in the other groups. Therefore, we consider that there are effects on the improvement of the lipids in the Gastrodia rhizoma and the optimum recommendation quantity of Gastrodia rhizoma is 10% to quantity of food composition.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제30권7호
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• pp.825-831
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• 1997

This study was to investigate the effect on weight control and changes in serum glucose, total protein , GPT, GOT , cholesterol, triglyceride, calcium, and phosphorus contents of seventeen overweight female college students during experimental periods [before grape diet(0 day-, after grape diet (3 day), after control diet(3 day), after normal diet(30 day)]. The mean weight, height , BMI, and Rohrer index of the subjects at the onset of the study was 58.91$\pm$5.22kg, 159.94$\pm$6.01cm, 22.96$\pm$1.17, and 20.06$\pm$1.48 respectively. During the study subjects, conducted grape diets, control diets, and normal diets to control their weight. They analyzed their changes in anthrophometric variables. The mean weight was significantly decreased from 58.29$\pm$7.85kg to 57.2$\pm$8.23kg after normal diet(p<0.05). Therefore BMI (body mass index) and Rohrer index was also significantly decreased after experimental periods. The analysis of dietary intake showed that the grape diet induced unbalanced low nutrient intake, but the intake of total calories and other nutrients were almost recovered their onset of the study during control and normal diets. The concentration of serum glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride GOT, and GTP were significantly(p<0.05) decreased and significantly(p<0.05) increased again during experimental periods. Calcium concentrations were not affected by grape diet, but phosphorus concentration was significantly reduced after grape and control diet.

• 한국전자거래학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.173-187
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• 2018

2008년 사토시 나카모토(Satoshi Nakamoto)가 중앙 금융기관 없이 개인과 개인 간의 온라인 지불을 가능하게 하기 위하여 P2P(peer to peer) 네트워크를 이용한 이중지불 문제의 해결을 포함한 '비트코인(Bitcoin)'이라는 개인 간 전자화폐 시스템을 제안한 이후 블록체인은 4차 산업혁명에서 산업혁명 사이클 전주기에 영향을 미치는 범용기술로서 자리를 잡아가고 있다. 본 연구에서는 블록체인이 이러한 범용기술로서의 급격한 확산과 활용이 혁신이론 관점에서 어떠한 혁신성을 가지고 있는지를 분석하였다. 분석결과 블록체인은 '물리적 기술'의 특성뿐만 아니라 인간의 사회적 상호작용을 위한 '사회적 기술'로서의 특성을 가지고 있어 기술혁신과 사회혁신을 동시에 수반하는 혁신성을 가지고 있었다. 블록체인의 다양한 혁신성에 대한 본 연구의 접근은 블록체인의 이해를 높이고 향후 정책적 의사결정에 유용성을 제공할 것으로 기대된다.