• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.369-378
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• 2023

In this study, clinically healthy Korean rockfish were provided by a farm and then raised in a lab for 14 days at three different temperatures (10℃, 15℃, and 20℃) to establish hematological, blood biochemical, and histopathological reference intervals against normal fish. Hematocrit, MCV, MCHC, total protein, BUN, and GPT values in the blood showed significant differences among temperature groups. As the water temperature increased, neutrophil, thrombocyte, and lymphocyte counts also rose, while the monocyte value peaked at 15℃. The histopathological score revealed significant variations in the gills, stomach, and inflammation indices by temperature group; the gills and inflammation indices peaked at 20℃, whereas the stomach index peaked at 15℃. It is expected that information on these normal values will serve as a fundamental collection of data for further studies related to laboratory-based experiments.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.223-228
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• 1985

This experiment was designed to investigate the effect of dietary fibers on serum and liver lipids of cholesterol-fed rats. Forty-two male rats of Sprague-Dawley strain weighed $145{\pm}10\;g$ were divided into 6 groups, each group receiving a different diet for 6 weeks, i.e., basal diet, basal diet plus 0.5% cholesterol without fiber, basal diet plus 0.5% cholesterol and 5% pectin, basal diet plus 0.5% cholesterol and 5% agar, basal diet plus 0.5% cholesterol and 5% pectin plus tannic acid mixture and basal diet plus 0.5% cholesterol and 5% tannic acid. The lowest net weight gain and digestibility were found in 5% tannic acid-containing group. The weight of kidney, heart and lung was significant by different, however, those of liver and spleen was not significantly different among the groups tested. GOT and GPT of serum were significantly higher in 0.5% cholesterol-containing group without fiber, whereas those of 5% pectin-containing group were significantly lower. Highest total serum protein content was found in 0.5% cholesterol-containing group without fiber. However, albumin and A/G ratio were not significant. The content of total lipid and cholesterol in serum were not significant by different among the groups studied, whereas crude lipid contents of liver in 5% tannic acid and pectin plus tannic acid-containing groups were significantly lower. Cholesterol content in the liver was significantly lower in 5% tannic acid-containing group. Crude lipid and sterol content of feces were significantly higher in 5% pectin-containing group.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.117-133
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• 2008

Objectives : Since ancient times, Koreans have applied medicinal spabaths for treatment of various diseases. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of strontium, one of the common ingredients of such baths, experimentally on acute skin barrier damage. Materials and Methods : Male hairless mice, average weight 20g, were divided into six groups. Each group consisted of five mice. The first was the normal, non-treated group. The second was the control group with acute skin barrier damage intentionally induced by TS. The third was the Ba-Sr1 group bathed in 1mg/L strontium chloride before and after inducing acute skin barrier damage by TS. The fourth was the Ba-Sr7 group bathed in 7mg/L strontium chloride before and after inducing acute skin barrier damage by TS. The fifth was the Sr1 group bathed in 1mg/L of strontium chloride only after intentionally inducing acute skin barrier damage by TS. The sixth was the Sr7 group bathed in 7mg/L of strontium chloride only after intentionally inducing acute skin barrier damage by TS. External changes of skin, skin erythema level, transepidermal water loss level, and GOT and GPT level of each group were checked immediately before and after TS, 3 hrs, 5 hrs and 24 hrs after inducing acute skin barrier damage. Then, tissue samples were made and examined for damage to epithelial cells, stratum corneum, change of mucous polysaccharide in dermis and amount of mast cells. Statistical analysis was performed by one way-ANOVA, Scheffe and Duncan for a post hoc test and pairwise comparison for comparing for difference between each time. Statistical significance was achieved if the probability was less than 5% (p<0.05) Results : 1. From skin erythema and TEWL level indicating the function of the skin barrier, we can know that it is helpful to the skin barrier to bathe in a water solution including a low concentration of strontium. 2. In the control group with acute skin barrier damage induced by TS, skin barrier damage persisted until 3-5 hrs and recovered after 5-24 hrs. Differently from the control group, in the case of taking a bath in a water solution including strontium, skin barrier damage recovered after only 3-5 hrs. Therefore, the bath with a water solution including strontium can promote recovery of the skin barrier. 3. Bathing in water solution including a higher concentration of strontium was more beneficial to recovery of skin barrier damage. 4. There was no influence on serum GOT and GPT from bathing in a water solution including strontium. Conclusions : The strontium was effective for recovery and mitigation of acute skin barrier damage induced by tape stripping. I suggest that strontium (Sr) can be used as an external treatment medicine, addedinto bath water to treat acute skin barrier damage.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.143-155
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• 1992

Effects of vitamin E, C and/or glycyrrhizin in the artificially oxidized feed on the growth and on the resistance aganist Edwardsiella tarda infection to Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, were examined. The thiobarbitric acid (TBA) values of the oxidized feed were $80\~88$ mg/kg. The fingerling fish were fed the oxidized feed with or without the mixture of vitamin E (50 mg), C (60 mg) and/or glycyrrhizin ($25\~200$ mg) per 100 g of the feed for 7 weeks. The fish fed the oxidized feed with vitamin E, C and/or glycyrrhizin showed better growth than the fish fed the oxidized feed only. But growth rates among the fish fed different amount of vitamins or glycyrrhizin mixed feed were not different. Glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) and glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) levels in the serum increased only in the fish which were fed oxidized feed without vitamin E, C and/or glycyrrhizin. With the fish artificially infected with E. tarda: they showed low survival rate when fed oxidized feed and oxidized feed plus 25 mg glycyrrhizin per 100 g feed. The fish fed oxidized feed plus vitiamin E, C and/or glycyrrhizin ($50\~200$ mg/100 g), showed higher survival. These results show that the supplementation of oxidized lipids depress the growth and liver activity, while the addition of vitamin E, C and/or glycyrrhizin in the diet accelerated the growth, liver activity, and the resistance to E. tarda infection.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.105-113
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• 2004

This study investigated the synergy effects of hot water soluble extract from Eleutherococcus senticosus and dietarty carnitine on the lipid metabolism and antioxidant defense system of rats on hypercholesterol diets. Sprague-Dawley male rats were fed either a hypercholesterol diet with water or a hot water soluble extract from Eleutherococcus senticosus and dietarty carnitine. The experimental groups consisted of the control group (CO), the group supplied with hot water soluble extract from Eleutherococcus senticosus(ES), and the group supplied with hot water soluble extract from Eleutherococcus senticosus and dietarty carnitine(ESC). Eleutherococcus senticosus was extracted, made into 0.5% solution, and fed to the ES and ESC groups. A 3% carnitine diet was supplied to the ESC group. Hypercholesterol diets contained 18% beef tallow and 5% cholesterol. After 4 weeks of administering these diets, serum and liver were obtained and the level of serum lipid and the activities of GOT and GPT were measured. In addition, the level of liver lipid and TBARS and the activity of GSH-Px were measured. The results were as follows: 1) Weight gain and FER in the group supplied with hot water soluble extract from Eleutherococcus senticosus and dietarty carnitine(ESC) was low significantly(P<0.05). 2) In the groups supplied with hot water soluble extract from Eleutherococcus senticosus(ES) and the group supplied with hot water soluble extract from Eleutherocorcus senticosus and dietarty carnitine(ESC), total serum cholesterol levels were both significantly low (P<0.05,P.0.01). 3) Serum GOT activity was significantly low(P<0.05) in the group supplied with hot water soluble extract from Eleutherococcus senticosus(ES) and in the group supplied with hot water soluble extract from Eleutherococcus senticosus and dietary carnitine(ESC). There was no difference between serum GPT activity in the control group and the groups supplied with hot water soluble extract from Eleutherococcus senticosus or dietary carnitine. 4) Liver triglyceride was low (P.0.05) in the group supplied with hot water soluble extract from Eleutherococcus senticosus and dietarty carnitine(ESC). No difference was observed in other lipid composition, TBARS level, and GSH-px activity in liver between the control group and the experimental groups. In summary, the effects of hot water soluble extract from Eleutherococcus senticosus and dietarty carnitine on the lipid metabolism and antioxidant defense system (such as weight gain, FER, total serum cholesterol and liver triglyceride) were low when Eleutherococcus senticosus and dietarty carnitine were supplied simultaneously.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.311-320
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• 1997

The experiment was conducted t determine the effects of water temperature and daily feeding rate on Koran rockfish growth. The first experiment was carried out to know the growth of the fish in the different water temperature. The second experiment was carried out to know the effects of feeding rate of the fish. In the first experiment, feed efficiency was unaffected by the different water temprature 12, 15 and $18^{\circ}C$, but feed intake and growth rate were affected by the water temperature. Feed intake and growth rate of the fish reared in $15^{\circ}C$ were higher than those of the other groups. In the second experiment, feed efficiency was unaffected by feeding rate except the starve group. Daily growth rate of the fish fed 1.0% diet/BW or more. HSI, VSI, condition factor, GOT, GPT, TG, GL and Ht of fed groups were unaffected by the feeding rate in the experiment. Absoption ratios of protein and lipid were not different with the different feeding rates in fed fish groups. These results indicate that the optimum daily feeding rate of yearling Korean rockfish is about 70-80% of satiation rate.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.149-156
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• 1995

Physiological activities of E. compressa were examined after oral and intraperitoneal(i.p.) adminstration in young(8g) Israeli and colored carp. Hematological parameters were evaluated to test physiological respose. Anti-bacterial activity was examined by counting the number of bacterial cells in the kidney, and also by measuring the change of agglutinin titers following A. sobriae infection. There was a tendency of increase in E. compressa-fed groups in total protein, albumin and glucose levels. The most marked increase was noted in the group fed with 5% E. compressa. GPT and GOT levels were reduced with the increase of E. compressa concentration. Feeding of E. compressa did not alter haematocrit(Ht) and hemoglobin (Hb) values. The number of A. sobriae was reduced in all groups intraperitoneally treated with variable concentration of E. compressa-extract. The lowest bacterial cells were found at the group intraperitoneally treated with $30{\mu}g$ of E. compressa-extract per g of colored carp($30{\mu}g/g$), indicating that the anti-bacterial activity is maximized at this concentration. The agglutinin titers were elevated in E. compressa extract-treated groups($30{\mu}g/g$) with the maximum value of $6.0{\pm}1.1$. These results indicate that E. compressa adminstration activated physiological response, and triggered a cascade for anti-bacterial reaction.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.283-291
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• 2009

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of a commercial extruded pellet (EP) and raw fish moist pellet (MP) diet on disease prevalence and serum chemistry of olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus grown in two commercial-scale aquaculture farms from July to December in 2008. The contents of serum GOT, GPT and glucose in fish fed EP diet (EP group) were higher than those of fish fed the MP diet (MP group). There were no distinct differences in survival rates and mean detection rates of fish pathogens among fish group fed the experimental diets. However, the mean detection rate of fish pathogens in MP group was higher than that of EP group from July to October which are high water temperature season. The dominant pathogens isolated in EP group were Dactylogyrus sp., E. tarda and red sea bream iridovirus (RSIV). On the other hand, Trichodina sp., Streptococcus spp., viral nervous necrosis virus (VNNV) were dominant in MP group.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.93-99
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• 2002

This study was designed to investigate the pharmacological effects of glasswort. SD rats drunk experimental water (added to glass wort extracts) for 4 weeks. Weight gain resulted in reduced by administration of glasswort extracts compared with control group(p < 0.05). Total protein and albumin contents in serum of SD rats for 4 weeks did not show significantly difference by administration of glasswort extracts compared with control group. GOT was $126.7{\sim}134.1\;U/L$ and GPT was $41.1{\sim}46.7\;U/L$ by administration of glasswort extracts in SD rats for 4 weeks. Total and LDL cholesterol contents in serum of SD rats significantly decreased by administration of glasswort extracts compared with control group(p < 0.05) HDl cholesterol contents in serum of SD rats was significantly increased by administration of glasswort extracts compared with control group(p < 0.05). Total lipid and triglyceride contents in serum of SD rats was significantly decreased by administration of glasswort extracts compared with control group (p < 0.05). The overall results suggest that the administration of glasswort extracts can not only prevent a disease of arteriosclerosis, hyperlipidemia, fatty liver but also inhibit of weight gain.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.180-185
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• 2003

Rats(Sprague-Dawley) were randomly assigned to the following four groups, control, exercise only, exercise and the intake of DNA, exercise, and the intake of DNA plus crude catechin. 0.4% of DNA from salmon egg and 0.1% crude catechins from Puerariae thunbergiana roots were fed to the rats. The exercise group was exercised in a treadmill at 20 m/min speed for 6 wks. Body weight and body fat weight of 4 groups were investigated, and the body fat composition and antioxidant activity were evaluated by measuring the weight of organs and biochemical test. After 6 wks, body weight did not show any significant differences among those 4 groups, but body fat weight in exercised groups was significantly decreased. The weight of liver, epididymal adipose tissue(E.A.T) and perirenal adipose tissue(P.A.T) were significantly decreased in groups of exercise only, exercise and the intake of DNA, exercise and the intake of DNA plus crude catechin(p<0.05). Phospholipid, cholesterol and triglyceride levels of serum were decreased by exercise, but HDL-cholesterol level of serum was significantly increased(p<0.05). GOT, GPT and glucose levels in serum were slightly decreased by crude catechin, but serum NEFA levels were significantly increased by crude catechin(p<0.05). Results indicated that excercise with the intake of crude catechin would be helpful for the functional development of the compositions in blood lipid.