• Journal of Positioning, Navigation, and Timing
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.53-61
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• 2024

Global Navigation Satellite Systems are expected to meet system-defined integrity requirements when users utilize the system for safety critical applications. While the guaranteed integrity performance of GPS and Galileo is publicly available, their integrity assurance procedure and related methodology have not been released to the public in an official document format. This paper summarizes the integrity assurance procedures of Global Positioning System (GPS) and Galileo, which were utilized during their system development, through a literature survey of their integrity assurance methodology. GPS Block II assures system integrity using the following methods: continuous performance monitoring and maintenance on Space Segment (SS) and Control Segment (CS), through a cause and effect analysis of anomalies and a failure analysis. In GPS Block III, to achieve more stringent integrity performance, safety requirements are integrated into the system design and development from its starting phase to the final phase. Galileo's integrity performance is provided in the Integrity Support Message (ISM) format, as Galileo utilizes a Dual Frequency Multi Constellation (DFMC) Satellite Based Augmentation System (SBAS) and Advanced Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring (ARAIM) to serve safety critical applications. The integrity performance of Galileo is ensured by using a methodology similar to GPS Block II (i.e. continuous performance monitoring and maintenance on the system). The integrity assurance procedures reviewed in this paper can be utilized for a new satellite navigation system that will be developed in the near future.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 2000년도 제15차 학술회의논문집
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• pp.194-194
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• 2000

In aviation navigation by GPS, requirements on availability and integrity must be absolutely satisfied for safety. Current study on accomplishing this integrity includes RAM(Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring), checking integrity internally in GPS receiver itself. However RAIM techniques have be investigated and presented under assumption that there is included only one fault in measurements from GPS, In case of multiple fault, an interaction among bias errors sometimes results in decreasing the effect of multiple fault. This may make an exact fault detection and identification difficult, and study on mutiple fault RAIM focused on. This paper explains the reasons that techniques applied on single fault are not adequate to extend directly to two faults case and shows that RAIM solution on two fault may be given in revised parity space.

• 한국항해항만학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국항해항만학회 2006년도 International Symposium on GPS/GNSS Vol.1
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• pp.417-421
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• 2006

ICAO defines performance requirements of navigation system such as accuracy, integrity, continuity and availability. The integrity is most significant performance requirement in aviation where safety of life is crucial. Many researches on this topic anticipate that GPS with SBAS or Galileo can meet APV requirements and GPS with GBAS or Galileo with GBAS will meet CAT II and III requirements. These performance expectations are based on global analysis. In this paper regional integrity analysis in Korea using various combinations of modernized GPS, Galileo and SBAS is given. The simulation results show that CAT I requirement can be met using modernized GPS and Galileo alone, however, CAT II and III are not met even augmenting SBAS because of VPL. A more efficient augmentation such as GBAS which can reduce VPL dramatically is required to meet CAT II and III in Korean region.

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.52-60
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• 2003

GPS(Global Positioning System)를 이용한 항공항법은 이용성과 무결성의 만족을 절대적으로 요구하고 있다. GPS의 무결성에 대한 연구로서 GPS수신기 내부 자체에서 무결성을 모니터링하는 다양한 RAIM(Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring)기법이 연구되어 왔으며 이들 중에서 패러티 공간을 이용한 고장진단기법은 패러티 백터의 크기와 방향성을 이용할 수 있는 편리성을 갖고 있어 비교적 많은 연구가 진행되어 왔다. 한편, 지금까지의 RAIM 기법들은 대부분 단일고장을 가정하며, 실제 적용시 발생할 수 있는 다중고장의 경우 오차요인들의 상호간섭으로 정확한 식별이 어렵다는 단점을 갖고 있다. 본 논문에서는 확장된 패러티 공간에서 고장진단을 다룸으로써 2개의 고장식별에의 적용이 가능함을 보였다.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.545-557
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• 2018

The Global Positioning System (GPS) has become popular and widely used in many fields from military to civilian applications. However, GPS signals are suffered from interference due to its weak signal over wireless channel. There are many types of interference, such as jamming, blocking multipath, and spoofing, which can mislead the operation of GPS receiver. In this paper, vector-based tracking loop model with integrity check is proposed to detect and mitigate the harmful effect of interference on GPS receiver operation. The suggested methods are implemented in the tracking loop of GPS receiver. As a first method, integrity check with carrier-to-noise ratio (C/No) monitoring technique is applied to detect the presence of interference and prevent contaminated channels out of tracking channels to calculate position. As a second method, a vector-based tracking loop using Extended Kalman Filter with adaptive noise covariance according to C/No monitoring results. The proposed methods have been implemented on simulated dataset. The results demonstrates that the suggested methods significantly mitigate interference of Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) and improve position calculation by 44%.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.563-572
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• 2011

Reliability is an essential factor in a navigation system. Therefore, an integrity monitoring system is considered one of the most important parts in an avionic navigation system. A fault due to systematic malfunctioning definitely requires integrity reinforcement through systematic analysis. In this paper, we propose a method to detect faults of the GPS signal by using a distributed nonlinear filter based probability test. In order to detect faults, consistency is examined through a likelihood ratio between the main and auxiliary particle filters (PFs). Specifically, the main PF which includes all the measurements and the auxiliary PFs which only do partial measurements are used in the process of consistency testing. Through GPS measurement and the application of the autonomous integrity monitoring system, the current study illustrates the performance of the proposed fault detection algorithm.

• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제34권7호
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• pp.511-516
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• 2010

GPS anomaly has increased according to the degradation of satellite performance, and many GPS users could be exposed to any kinds of error-included signals without any previous notice when unscheduled error occurred. RSIM (Reference Station Integrity Monitors) is a typical monitoring method to broadcast PRC (Pseudo Range Correction) for users. However, there were some cases that the receiver detected the anomalous satellite's signal even though it was unhealthy set, consequently it occurred a large range error. Then it is important to monitor the integrity of GPS signal and it is needed to devise the correction method of pseudorange by eliminating error-occurred PRN for notification to GPS users when it is monitored that the anomaly occurred. This paper proposes the basic concept of how to correct the pseudorange. The paper also shows the analysis results of PRN10 GPS anomaly occurred on day 39 in 2007 with corrected results by eliminating anomaly satellite (PRN10). The proposed correction method shows decreased pseudorange error range compared to the case when the anomaly satellite were used.

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제38권8호
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• pp.781-789
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• 2010

GPS/INS 통합시스템의 고장검출에는 카이제곱 분포 기반의 알고리즘이 일반적으로 사용된다. 본 논문에서는 기존의 RAIM (Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitor)과 카이제곱 분포 기반의 알고리즘을 결합하여 무인기용 저급 프로세서에 적용하기 위해 단순화시킨 GPS/INS 고장검출 알고리즘을 제안한다. 제안한 알고리즘의 검증을 위해 고장모델을 사용하여 그 결과를 나타내었다.

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제35권12호
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• pp.1101-1107
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• 2007

본 논문에서는 GPS, GPS 현대화, Galileo, SBAS 및 GBAS등의 항법 시스템을 모두 고려하여 한국 지역에서의 GNSS 무결성 감시의 가용성을 분석하였다. 현대화된 GPS, Galileo 및 SBAS를 사용하면 Cat. I에 근접한 성능을 얻을 수 있음을 시뮬레이션을 통해 확인 하였다. 그러나 여전히 수직오차의 영향으로 Cat. II 및 III를 만족시키지 못하므로 GBAS와 같은 보다 개선효과가 큰 보강 항법 시스템이 필요함을 확인하였다. 본 논문의 연구 결과는 보강시스템의 구축뿐 아니라 지역 위성항법시스템 구축을 위한 기초 자료로 활용될 수 있다.

• 항공우주기술
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.16-26
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• 2006

위성항법시스템(GNSS)을 민간항공 분야에 활용하기 위해서는 국제민간항공기구가 정한 비행단계별 정확성(Accuracy), 무결성(integrity), 연속성(continuity), 가용성(availability) 요 구조건을 만족시켜야 한다. 본 논문에서는 GBAS, GRAS 등 지상기반 위성항법보강시스템 개발에 활용될 수 있는 CNSS 원격 무결성 감시시스템을 제안하고 개발결과에 대해 기술한다. GPS 수신기와 안테나로 구성된 위성신호 수신장치는 RS-232 to TC/IP 프로토콜 변환장치를 통해 데이터 처리 및 분석을 수행하는 신호처리장치의 Host PC에 연결되도록 설계되었다. 이는 GPS 수신기의 설치 위치 제한을 극복하고 수신기와 안테나 간의 물리적 거리를 줄일 수 있어 GPS 수신 신호의 열화를 방지할 수 있는 방법이다. GPS 데이터를 수신하여 처리하는 신호처리장치는 실시간 운용 및 후처리 운용이 가능하며 GBAS CAT-I급의 무결성 알고리즘과 차분보정 정보 생성을 지원하는 개발 환경을 제공한다.