• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.109-119
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• 2008

The objectives of this study are to develop a green tourism potential evaluation method with rural amenity and demand of citizen. The new index which was named GPD(green tourism potential degree) is designed to propose the green tourism potential of rural areas using spatial analysis of geographic information system and spatial interaction of gravity model. And in order to evaluate the green tourism potential with supply side and demand side, two indices were defined; One is green tourism demand degree(GDD) which is developed to quantify a demand side potential by the analysis of urban population and urbanization index, and the other is green tourism attraction degree(GAD) which is developed to quantify a supply side potential by the analysis of rural amenity values using AHP algorithm, based on opinion of related experts. The developed method was applied to a part of Kyounggi province, Seoul and Incheon. All the study area's GAD, GDD and GPD were assessed and the proposed green tourism potential evaluation method could be used in developing rural development plans and green tourism policies considering spatial interaction with citizen and green tourism resources.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.173-178
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• 2001

Food yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, is a safe organism with a long history of use for the production of biomass rich in high quality proteins and vitamins. AmA1, a seed storage albumin from Amaranthus hypochondriacus, has a well-balanced amino acid composition and high levels of essential amino acids and offers the possibility of further improving food animal feed additives. In order to find an effective means of expressing AmA1 in yeast, the gene was cloned into an episomal shuttle vector. Four different promoters were tested: the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase promoter, galactose dehydrogenase 10 promoter, alcohol dehydrogenase II promoter, and a hybrid ADH2-GPD promoter. The recombinant AmA1 genes were then introduced into the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae 2805. Northern and Western blot analyses of the yeast under appropriate conditions revealed that AmA1 was expressed by all four promoters at varying levels. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay demonstrated that the amount of AmA1 protein in the recombinant yeast was 1.3-4.3% of the total soluble proteins. The highest expression level was obtained from the hybrid ADH2-GPD promoter.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2016.05a
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• pp.246-246
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 최근 기후변화로 인한 집중호우의 발생횟수의 경향을 확률적으로 분석함에 있어 1개월 동안 80 mm/day 이상의 강우사상을 집중호우로 정의하여, 대구 및 부산 강우관측소로부터 수집된 384개월 동안의 집중호우를 분석하였다. 집중호우 월별 발생횟수와 같은 형식의 자료의 확률적 분석은 대개 Poisson 분포 (POI)가 사용되나 자료에 포함된 0자료의 과잉은 확률분포를 왜곡시키는 문제를 발생시킨다. 본 연구에서는 이 문제를 개선하기 위하여 개발된 일반화 Poisson 확률분포 (GPD), 0-과잉 Poisson 확률분포 (ZIP), 0-과잉 일반화 Poisson 확률분포 (ZIGP), Bayesian 0-과잉 일반화 Poisson 확률분포 (Bayesian ZIGP)를 집중호우 자료에 적용하고, 5개 모형의 특성을 비교분석하였으며, Bayesian ZIGP 모형의 구축에 있어서는 정보적 사전분포를 사용함으로써 모형의 정확도를 개선하였다. 분석결과 분석하고자 하는 자료에 0이 과다하게 포함되어 있는 경우 POI 및 GPD 분포는 관측결과와는 다른 결과를 제시하여 적절한 모형으로 고려되지 못함을 알 수 있었다. 5가지 모형 중 정보적 사전분포를 탑재한 Bayesian ZIGP 모형이 가장 관측 자료와 유사한 결과를 도출하였으나 모형의 구축에 수반되는 실용적인 측면을 고려하면 ZIP 모형도 충분히 사용될 수 있는 모형으로 추천되었다.

• Proceedings of the Acoustical Society of Korea Conference
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• 1993.06a
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• pp.242-246
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• 1993

예측신경회로망 모델은 다층 퍼셉트론을 연속되는 음성특징 벡터간의 비선형예측기로 사용하는 동적인 음성인식 모델이다. 이 모델은 음성의 동적인 특성을 인식에 이용하고 연속음성인식으로의 확장이 용이한 우수한 인식 모델이다. 그러나, 예측신경회로망 모델은 음운학적으로 유사한 음성구간에서의 변별력이 낮다는 문제점이 있다. 그것은 기존의 학습 알고리즘이 다른 어휘와의 거리는 고려하지 않고 대상어휘의 예측오차만 최소화시키기 때문이다. 따라서, 본 논문에서는 직접 인식오차를 최소화시키는 GPD알고리즘에 의해 유사어휘간의 거리를 고려하는 변별력있는 학습 알고리즘을 제안한다.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.362-366
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• 2005

Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae is an important pig pathogen, which is responsible for swine pleuropneumonia, a highly contagious respiratory infection. To develop subunit vaccines for A. pleuropneumoniae infection, the Apx toxin genes, apxI and apxII, which are thought to be important for protective immunity, were expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and the induction of immune responses in mice was examined. The apxI and apxII genes were placed under the control of a yeast hybrid ADH2-GPD promoter (AG), consisting of alcohol dehydrogenase II (ADH2) and the GPD promoter. Western blot analysis confirmed that both toxins were successfully expressed in the yeast. The ApxIA and ApxIIA-specific IgG antibody response assays showed dose dependent increases in the antigen-specific IgG antibody titers. The challenge test revealed that ninety percent of the mice immunized with ApxIIA or a mixture of ApxIA and ApxIIA, and sixty percent of mice immunized with ApxIA survived, while none of those in the control groups survived longer than 36 h. These results suggest that vaccination of the yeast ex­pressing the ApxI and ApxII antigens is effective for the induction of protective immune responses against A. pleuropneumoniae infections in mice.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.11 no.12
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• pp.497-503
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• 2011

In this paper, we proposed the MCE as a GMM training method to improve the performance of environmental sounds recognition. We model the environmental sounds data with newly defined misclassification function using the log likelihood of the corresponding class and the log likelihood of the rest classes for discriminative training. The model parameters are estimated with the loss function using GPD(generalized probabilistic descent). For recognition performance comparison, we extracted the 12 degrees features using preprocessing and MFCC(mel-frequency cepstral coefficients) of the 9 kinds of environmental sounds and carry out GMM classification experiments. According to the experimental results, MCE training method showed the best performance by an average of 87.06% with 19 mixtures. This result confirmed us that MCE training method could be effectively used as a GMM training method in environmental sounds recognition.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.931-939
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• 2011

In practice, thresholds are determined by the two subjective assessment methods in a generalized pareto distribution of mean extreme function(MEF-graph) or Hill-graph. To remedy the problem of subjectiveness of these methods, we propose an alternative method to determine the threshold based on the robust statistics. We compared the MEF-graph, Hill-graph and our method through VaRs on the Korean stock market data from January 5, 1987 to August 3, 2009. As a result, the VaR based on the proposed method is not much different from the existing methods, and the standard deviation of VaR for our method was the smallest. The results show that our method can be a promising alternative to determine thresholds of the generalized pareto distributions.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.85 no.4
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• pp.531-543
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• 2023

The existing concrete bridges are time-varying working systems, where the maintenance strategy should be planned according to the time-varying performance of the bridge. This work proposes a time-dependent residual capacity assessment procedure, which considers the non-stationary bridge load effects under growing traffic and non-stationary structural deterioration owing to material degradations. Lifetime bridge load effects under traffic growth are predicated by the non-stationary peaks-over-threshold (POT) method using time-dependent generalized Pareto distribution (GPD) models. The non-stationary structural resistance owing to material degradation is modeled by incorporating the Gamma deterioration process and field inspection data. A three-span continuous box-girder bridge is illustrated as an example to demonstrate the application of the proposed procedure, and the time-varying reliability indexes of the bridge girder are calculated. The accuracy of the proposed non-stationary POT method is verified through numerical examples, where the shape parameter of the time-varying GPD model is constant but the threshold and scale parameters are polynomial functions increasing with time. The case study illustrates that the residual flexural capacities show a degradation trend from a slow decrease to an accelerated decrease under traffic growth and material degradation. The reliability index for the mid-span cross-section reduces from 4.91 to 4.55 after being in service for 100 years, and the value is from 4.96 to 4.75 for the mid-support cross-section. The studied bridge shows no safety risk under traffic growth and structural deterioration owing to its high design safety reserve. However, applying the proposed numerical approach to analyze the degradation of residual bearing capacity for bridge structures with low safety reserves is of great significance for management and maintenance.

• Wind and Structures
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.85-100
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• 2024

In light of extreme value distribution probability, an improved prediction method of the Recurrence Period Wind Speed (RPWS) is constructed considering wind direction, with the Equivalent Independent Wind Direction Number (EIWDN) introduced as a parameter variable. Firstly, taking the RPWS prediction of Beijing city as an example, the traditional Cook method is used to predict the RPWS of each wind direction based on the measured wind speed data in Beijing area. On basis of the results, the empirical formulae to determine the parameter variables are fitted to construct an improved expression of the non-exceedance probability of the RPWS. In this process, the statistical model of the optimal threshold is established, and thus the independent wind speed samples exceeding the threshold are extracted and fitted to follow the Generalized Pareto Distribution (GPD) model for analysis. In addition, the Extreme Value Type I (EVT I) distribution model is used to predict and analyze the RPWS. To verify its wide applicability, the improved method is further used in cities like Jinan, Nanjing, Wuxi, Shanghai and Shenzhen to predict and analyze the RPWS of each wind direction, and the prediction results are compared against those gained via the traditional Cook method and the whole direction. Results show that the 50-year RPWS results predicted by the improved method are basically consistent with those predicted by the traditional method, and the RPWS prediction values of most wind directions are within the envelope range of the whole wind direction prediction value. Compared with the traditional method, the improved method can readily predict the RPWS under different return periods through empirical formulae, and avoid the repeated operation process and some assumptions in the traditional Cook method, and then improve the efficiency of prediction. In addition, the improved RPWS prediction results corresponding to the GPD model are slightly larger than those of the EVT I distribution model.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.61 no.1
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• pp.83-91
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• 2018

Advances in bacterial and fungal genome mining uncover a plethora of cryptic secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters. Guided by the genome information, targeted transcriptional derepression could be employed to determine the product of a cryptic gene cluster and to explore its biological role. Monascus spp. are food grade filamentous fungi popular in eastern Asia and several genome data belong to them are now available. We achieved transcription activation of a cryptic fungal polyketide synthase-nonribosomal peptide synthase gene Mpfus1 in Monascus purpureus ${\Delta}MpPKS5$ by inserting Aspergillus gpdA promoter at the upstream of Mpfus1 through double crossover gene replacement. The gene cluster with Mpfus1 show a high similarity to those for the biosynthesis of conjugated polyene derivatives with 2-pyrrolidone ring and the mycotoxin fusarin is the representative member of this group. The ${\Delta}MpPKS5$ is incapable of producing azaphilone pigment, providing an excellent background to identify chromogenic and UV-absorbing compounds. Activation of Mpfus1 resulted in a yellow hue on mycelia and its methanol extract exhibit a maximum absorption at 365 nm. HPLC analysis of the organic extracts indicated the presence of a variety of yellow compounds in the extract. This implies that the product of MpFus1 is metabolically or chemically unstable. LC-MS analysis guided us to predict the MpFus1 product and to propose that the Mpfus1-containing gene cluster encode the biosynthesis of a desmethyl analogue of fusarin. This study showcases the genome mining in Monascus and the possibility to unveil new biological activities embedded in it.