• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2018.05a
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• pp.445-448
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• 2018

In this paper, we design microstrip antenna for GPS / WiFi for broadband mobile communication. The proposed antenna is designed to be used in the FR-4 (er = 4.3), the size is $40mm{\times}50mm$, and it can be used in the GPS frequency band of 1.6GHz and the WiFi frequency band of 5GHz. 2014, and the simulation result shows that the gain is 1.909dB at 1.6GHz and 4.607dB at 5GHz. The S-parameter also showed a result of less than -10dB (WSWR2: 1) in the desired frequency band. Recently, it is expected that GPS navigation system, which is widely used in smart phones and tablet PCs, can be easily and conveniently used by combining and applying GPS with WiFi.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.5 no.6
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• pp.563-567
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• 2010

In this paper, circularly polarized micro-strip GPS of 1.57 GHz and DMB of 2.63~2.65GHz antenna have been studied. In order to improve of frequency properties, parameters such as patch size, corner truncated type, and feed positions were simulated using HFSS program. GPS and DMB antenna were fabricated and characteristics were measured using network analyzer.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.868-875
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• 2000

GPS(Global Positioning System) is widely used in the navigation system, ITS(Intelligence Transportation System), and mobile communications. Recently, it is considered to combine the GPS receiver with the CLONASS for the improvement of performance and accuracy. In this paper, a wideband aperture-coupled patch antenna with circular polarization is designed and implemented for the use of CPS/GLONASS combined receiver. The measured characteristics of the manufactured antenna shows the - l5 dB bandwidth of 220 MHz and the axial ratio less than 2.1 dB, and it satisfies the requirements of the GPS/GLONASS antenna.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.587-595
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• 2016

Salt stress in crops in reclaimed tidal lands can be reduced by applying soil amendments. To evaluate the effects of compost, gypsum, and phosphate on the growth of Chinese cabbage in saline-sodic soil conditions, we conducted a pot experiment in 2013 and 2014. The treatments consisted of a standard fertilizer application of a mix of compost and N-P-K fertilizer (S) and standard fertilizer applications with additional compost (S + C), gypsum (S + G), phosphate (S+P), and gypsum and phosphate (S + GP). The mean dry matter yield of cabbage in 2014 was three times as great as that in 2013, although soil EC (Electrical conductivity) in 2014 was not decreased. However, the mean ratio of sodium ion in soil solution ($SAR_{1:5}$) significantly decreased from $17.3{\pm}1.1$ in 2013 to $11.2{\pm}2.7$ in 2014. Application of gypsum had the greatest positive impact on the growth of Chinese cabbage. The S + G treatment increased dry matter yield by 7.0 (48.2) and 7.9 g/plant (16.6%) in 2013 and 2014, respectively, compared to the S treatment. Applying gypsum increased soil EC, but decreased $SAR_{1:5}$ by 14 and 38% in 2013 and 2014, respectively. The application of compost and phosphate had a small effect on the growth of Chinese cabbage. These results suggest that applying gypsum in reclaimed tidal lands can reduce the sodicity of the soil and improve crop growth.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.15
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• pp.6769-6772
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• 2015

Background: High risk human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are the leading cause of cervical cancer (CC) and Pap smear screening has not been successful in preventing CC in Tunisia. HPV vaccination that targets HPV16 and 18 offers a new efficient prevention tool. Identification of HPV types in CC is thus essential to determine the impact of HPV vaccine implementation. The aim of this study is to provide specific data from Tunisia. Materials and Methods: A total of 89 histological confirmed paraffin embedded samples isolated from patients with CC diagnosed between 2001 and 2011 were collected from five medical centres from Northern and Southern Tunisia. HPV DNA was detected using a nested PCR (MY09/MY11-GP5+/GP6+) and genotyping was assessed using a reverse blot line hybridisation assay that enables the detection of 32 HPV types. Results: HPV DNA was detected in all samples. Twelve high risk types were detected; HPV16 and/or 18 were predominant, accounting together for 92.1% of all the CC cases (HPV16: 83.1%). Single infections accounted for 48.8% of the cases and were mostly linked to HPV 16 (32.6%) and less frequently to HPV 18 (2.4%). The other high risk HPV single infections were linked to HPV 35 (4.6%), 45 (4.6%), 58 (2.3%) and 59 (2.3%). Multiple infections with mixing of 2 to 4 genotypes predominately featrued HPV16 and/or 18 with HPV 35 and 45 (96.6 %) and less frequently with HPV 59, 40, 66, 73 and 58. There was no statistically significant variation in the relative distribution of HPV types with age. Conclusions: These results strongly indicate that prophylactic HPV vaccines can have a major impact in preventing CC in Tunisia.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.89-98
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• 1996

This study was conducted to evaluate the relationships between the geotechnical properties and the CBR values of the subgrade materials used in the rural roal construction. A total of 77 Soil samples was investigated and tested from 45 agricultural and industrial sites in Kyungpook Province. The results obtained are as follows : 1. The maximum dry densities of the coarse grained soils are larger than those of the fine grained soils. The optimum moisture contents of the coarse grained soils are smaller than those of the fine grained scils. 2. The mean values of the medified CBR values of the soils classified by the USCS, are decreased in the order of GP-GM, SW-SM, GM, SC, SP-SM, ML, CL-ML. And, those classified by the AASHTO are decreased in the order of A-i-a, A-i-b, A-2-4, A-3, A-4, A-6, A-7-6. 3. As passing percentage of No.200 sieve is increased, the CBR Value of soils is decreased gradually. 4. As the optimum moisture contents of the soil is increased, the CBR values is decresed the maximum dry density of the soils increased, the CBR values increased. 5. The CBR values are decreased as Group-lndex(GI) are increased. And Activity(A) is showed no relation with the CBR values. 6. The relation ships between the modified CBR value and standand proctor compaction CBR value at 95% compaction ratio can he expressed as the following equation : Y(CERmod)= 2.3638 + 0.8922X(CBR25).

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.251-260
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• 1996

The effect of forest fire on soil microarthropod fauna was investigated in the Inhoo Park, located at Deokjin-gu, Chonju city, where fire burned about 2 hectares on April 5, 1994. Vegetation of the area was covered with mixed forest such as 20 to 30 year old black locust, alder, and pine gree, etc., and also rich in understory plants, dead leaves, twigs, etc. The soil samples were taken from burnt soil and near-by control site on April 10, June 6 and Oct. 22 in 1994, and June 26, 1995. Soil microarthropods were extracted using Tullgren apparatus for 72 hours. Soil microarthropods collected in this experiment were 8, 013 at control and 3, 805 at the burnt site making a total of 11, 818 from 5 classes. Therefore, appearance of microarthropods was reduced to 52.5% at burnt site. Dominant animal groups were Acari (45%) and collembola (46%). The reduced rate of soil animal density by fire damage was 52.5% of the total soil microarthropods accounting 36% in Acari and 70% in collembola. The reduction of soil animal density by fire was 65.3% by habitat destruction and 51.7% by diret shock from fire heat. In Collembola, 89% was reduced by habitat destruction. Oribatid mites collected at sample plots included 29 families, 47 genera and 58 species. Forty-two species at burnt site and 47 species at unburnt site were identified, of these 32 being common species at both sites. The density ratio of soil animals at the burnt sites and those at unburnt sites was 38.6% va 61.4% resulting in 37% reduction due to fire. The dominant species with more than 5% in relative density were Trichogalumna nipponica (7.3%) and Eremobelba japonica (5.8%) at unburnt site, shereas 5 species including Eohypochthonius crassisetiger (8.5%) at the burnt site. The number of these species were 32.1% of total number. MGP analysis based on the number of oribatid mites indicated GP type at both unburnt and burnt sites, revealing domination of the P group in oribatid mites.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.187-195
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• 2009

Recently, with the development of ubiquitous computing, the study and development about context awareness models is required for the application of ubiquitous environment. This paper presents the design and implementation of a matrix based context awareness model for vehicle environment. The matrix construction method using 5W1H and CAM (Context Awareness Model) expression is proposed for context awareness modeling. The system with the proposed model is implemented by Zigbee modules for the recognition of individual identification and position and a navigator for current spatial and temporal information of GPS. The result of experiments shows that the proposed model is available.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.37 no.4 s.109
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• pp.411-422
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• 2004

A limnological survey was conducted in a reservoir, Lake Hoengsung located in Kangwondo, Korea, from July 2000 to September 2001 on the monthly basis. Phosphorus loading from the watershed was estimated by measuring total phosphorus concentration in the main tributary. Secchi disc transparency, epilimnetic (0-5 m) turbidity, chlorophyll a (Chl-a), total phosphorus (TP), total nitrogen(TN) and silica concentration were in the range of 0.9-3.5 m, 0.1-8.5 NTU, 0.3-32.4 mgChl $m^{-3}$, 5-46 mgP $m^{-3}$, 0.83-3.55 mgN $L^{-1}$ and 0.5-9.6 mgSi $L^{-1}$, respectively. Green algae and cyanobacteria dominated phytoplankton community in warm seasons, from July through October, 2000. In July a green alga (Scenedesmus sp.) was dominant with a maximum cell density of 10,480 cells mL. Cyanobacteria (Microcystics sp.) dominated in August and September with cell density of 3,492 and 295 cells mL ,respectively. Species diversity of phytoplankton was highest (2.22) in July. The trophic state of the reservoir can be classified as eutrophic on the basis of TP, Chl-a, and Secchi disc transparency. Because TP concentration was high in flood period, most of phosphorus loading was concentrated in rainy season. TP loading was calculated by multiplying TP and flow rate. The dam managing company measured inflow rate of the reservoir daily, while TP was measured by weekly surveys. TP of unmeasured days was estimated from the empirical relationship of TP and the flow rate of the main tributary; $TP=5.59Q^{0.45}\;(R^2=0.47)$. Annual TP loading was calculated to be 4.45 tP $yr^{-1}$, and the areal P loading was 0.77 gP $m^{-2}\;yr^{-1}$ which is similar to the critical P loading for eutrophication by Vollenweider's phosphorus model, 0.72 gP $m^{-2}\;yr^{-1}$.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.1863-1867
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• 2012

Background: Maintenance chemotherapy is one strategy pursued in recent years with intent to break through the chemotherapy plateau for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, given the toxicity, platinum-based combinations are rarely given for this purpose. We carried out the present prospective study of triplet platinum-based combination sequential chemotherapy in advanced NSCLC to investigate if patients could tolerate and benefit from such intensive treatment. Methods: From Dec 2003 to Dec 2007, 190 stage IIIB and IV NSCLC patients in Sun yat-sen University sequentially received the 3 platinum-based combination (TP-NP-GP) treatment (T: paclitaxol175$mg/m^2$ d1; N: vinorelbine25$mg/m^2$ d1 and 8; G: gemcitabine1$g/m^2$ d1 and 8; P: cisplatin20$mg/m^2$ d1-5; repeated every 3 weeks). Patients were followed up to at least 3 years to obtain survival data. Treatment toxicities and the quality of life (QOL) were assessed during the whole treatment. Results: There were 187 patients evaluable. The TP, NP and GP response rates with sequential use were 42.8% (80/187), 41.1% (65/158) and 28.8% (21/73) respectively. Median survival time was 18.2 months and the 1, 2 and 3 year overall survival (OS) rates were 78.7%, 38.5% and 21.3%. Patients receiving > 6 cycles of chemotherapy had significantly longer OS and TTP (MST 25.3 vs. 14.5 months, TTP 15.1 vs. 9.1 months). The QOL on the whole for the patients was improved after chemotherapy. Conclusions: The sequential chemotherapy strategy with triplet platinum-based combination regimens can improve the survival outcome and the quality of life of advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients.