• 제목/요약/키워드: GM spectrum

검색결과 21건 처리시간 0.021초

Separation and Characterization of Water Soluble Blue Pigments Formed from Geniposide of Gardenia Fruits

  • Park, Jee-Eun;Hahn, Tae-Ryong;Paik, Young-Sook
    • Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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    • 제44권4호
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    • pp.190-193
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    • 2001
  • Genipin, aglycone of geniposide isolated from fruits of Gardenia jasminoides, was transformed into blue pigments through reaction with glycine and methylamine. The blue pigments formed from glycine-reacted genipin were passed through Bio-Gel P-2 resin yielding fractions GG1 and GG2, and those from methylamine-reacted genipin were separated into fractions GM1-GM4. The first eluted higher molecular-weight fractions, GG1 and GM1, had higher tinctorial strength than the later eluted lower molecular-weight fractions, GG2 and GM2-GM4, respectively. $^1H-NMR$ spectra of GG1 and GM1 showed very broad peaks indicating that structures of the pigments were highly polymeric. $^1H-NMR$ spectra of GG2, GM3, and GM4 showed several sharp peaks at aliphatic and aromatic regions with accompanying broad peaks, although the spectrum of GM2 was rather simple. Determination of the structural and physical nature of the isolated pigments is in progress.

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Lactobacillus sp. GM7311에 의한 박테리오신의 생산 조건 (Cultural Conditions of Lactobacillus sp. GM7311 for the Production of Bacteriocin)

  • 이명숙;장동석;강지희
    • 한국수산과학회지
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    • 제30권5호
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    • pp.834-841
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    • 1997
  • 항균성 물질인 박테리오신을 생산하는 젖산균을 시판유제품에서 분리하여 그의 형태적, 생리 생화학적 특성을 실험한 결과, Lactobacillus sp. 와 유사한 성질을 나타내어 이를 Lactobacillus sp. GM7311로 명명하여 본 실험의 공시 균주로 사용하였다. 본 균이 생산한 박테리오신은 Gram 양성과 음성균에 고른 항균력을 나타내었고 그중 Proteus mirabilis에 대해 강한 항균력을 나타내어 이를 항균 지표세균으로 선정하여 실험하였다. Lactobacillus sp. GM7311은 초기 pH를 6.0으로 조정한 MRS broth에서 $37^{\circ}C$ 배양한 경우가 박테리오신 생산 최적조건이었고, 이 조건에서 박테리오신은 대수기 말기부터 정상기 초기에 걸쳐 최대로 생산되었고 그 이후에는 약간씩 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. 생산된 박테리오신의 활성은 산성측 $(pH 2.0\~5.0)$에서는 안정하였으나, pH 6.0 이상에서는 활성이 급격히 감소되는 경향을 나타내었다. 열에 대한 안정성은, pH 5.0의 sodium acetate buffer에 녹인 박테리오신은 $100^{\circ}C$에서 60분 가열에도 활성 변화가 없었으나, 0.02N-HCl(pH 2.3)에 녹인 박테리오신은 $60\~121^{\circ}C$의 가열로 초기 15분 동안 활성이 $40\~50\%$ 정도 감소하였고, 그 이후 $100^{\circ}C$ 이하의 온도에서는 가열시간의 증가에도 활성 변화는 거의 나타나지 않았다. 그리고 유기용매에 대해서는 대체로 불안정하여 acetone, ethanol, iso-butanol, 그리고 ethyl ether을 박테리오신과 동량 혼합하여 $4^{\circ}C$에서 2시간 방치한 결과 초기 활성의 약 $40\%$가 감소하였다.

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수중 음 전달에 대한 내부파의 영향 (The Effect of Internal Waves on Acoustic Propagation)

  • 최병호;성우제;박정수
    • 한국음향학회지
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    • 제19권5호
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    • pp.46-52
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    • 2000
  • 본 논문에서는 수중 음 전달에 대한 내부파의 영향을 파악하기 위하여 내부파에 의한 음속의 변화량을 수치적으로 구현하고 이를 바탕으로 내부파가 존재할 경우의 음 전달 실험을 수치적으로 수행하였다. 음 전달 수치 실험의 결과를 한국 동해에서 수행된 음향 실험 자료와 비교하였다. 수중 음 전달 수치 실험을 위해서는 Galerkin방법을 이용한 고차포물선 방정식법(SNUPE)를 사용하였다. 음 전달에 대한 내부파의 영향을 파악하기 위하여 불규칙 계수(Scintillation index)를 사용하였고 이를 실제 음향 실험 자료와 비교하였다.

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Multi-point response spectrum analysis of a historical bridge to blast ground motion

  • Haciefendioglu, Kemal;Banerjee, Swagata;Soyluk, Kurtulus;Koksal, Olgun
    • Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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    • 제53권5호
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    • pp.897-919
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    • 2015
  • In this study, the effects of ground shocks due to explosive loads on the dynamic response of historical masonry bridges are investigated by using the multi-point shock response spectrum method. With this purpose, different charge weights and distances from the charge center are considered for the analyses of a masonry bridge and depending on these parameters frequency-varying shock spectra are determined and applied to each support of the two-span masonry bridge. The net blast induced ground motion consists of air-induced and direct-induced ground motions. Acceleration time histories of blast induced ground motions are obtained depending on a deterministic shape function and a stationary process. Shock response spectrums determined from the ground shock time histories are simulated using BlastGM software. The results obtained from uniform and multi-point response spectrum analyses cases show that significant differences take place between the uniform and multi-point blast-induced ground motions.

Mechanism of Action of and Resistance to Aminoglycoside Antibiotics

  • Tanaka, Nobuo
    • Archives of Pharmacal Research
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    • 제6권1호
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    • pp.93-102
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    • 1983
  • Waksman's group discovered SM in 1944, and opened a new field of antibiotcs: i. e. AGs. A large group of antibiotics containing aminosugar and/or aminocyclitol is called the AGs. A majority of AGs are produced by actinomycetes. In the first period, AGs effective against tuberculosis were chiefly examined. Following the studies on NM and KM, AGs active against staphyllococci and gram-negative robs were investigated. The discovery of GM and synthesis of DKB and AMK led to the studies on the third generation AGs, which show a broad antimicrobial spectrum including Pseudomonas aeruginosa and drug-resistant bacteria. Since opportunistic infection caused by drug-resistant bacteria are increasing, the third generation AGs are extensively investigated at present.

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후쿠오카 지진('05. 3. 20, M=7.0)의 지진동 감쇠특성 분석 (Ground Motion Evaluation from the Fukuoka Earthquake)

  • 박동희;연관희;장천중;최원학;이대수
    • 한국지구물리탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국지구물리탐사학회 2005년도 공동학술대회 논문집
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    • pp.87-92
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    • 2005
  • 강진이 발생시 국내 지진동 수준 및 감쇠특성을 간접적으로 유추하기 위하여 2005년 3월 20일 발생한 규모 7.0의 후쿠오카 지진의 감쇠특성을 산정하고 그 결과의 적합성 여부를 알아보았다. 일본 방재과학 기술연구소에 운영중인 시추공 지진관측소 KIK-net 기록의 지반운동(PGA, SA)과 기존에 전력연구원에서 개발한 고리원전 부지에 대한 지반운동 감쇠식의 지반운동(PGA, SA)을 비교해 본 결과 잘 부합되었으며, 이로부터 고리원전 감쇠식이 강진에 대한 지진동을 비교적 적합하게 평가함을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 시추공 KIK-net 자료의 응답스펙트럼과 일본의 원전 설계스펙트럼인 오사키 스펙트럼을 비교한 결과 후쿠오카 지진의 진동 수준이 낮게 평가되었다. 이는 전 세계에서 발생하는 강진 자료를 이용한 경험적인 응답스펙트럼이라고 할지라도 부지특성에 따라 부합되지 않을 수도 있음을 시사하고 있어 부지고유 응답스펙트럼의 개발이 필요함을 재차 확인하였다.

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후쿠오카 지진('05. 3. 20, M=7.0)의 지진동 감쇠특성 분석 (Ground Motion Evaluation from the Fukuoka Earthquake)

  • 박동희;연관희;장천중;최원학;이대수
    • 지구물리
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    • 제8권3호
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    • pp.109-113
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    • 2005
  • 강진이 발생시 국내 지진동 수준 및 감쇠특성을 간접적으로 유추하기 위하여 2005년 3월 20일 발생한 규모 7.0의 후쿠오카 지진의 감쇠특성을 산정하고 그 결과의 적합성 여부를 알아보았다. 일본 방재과학 기술연구소에 운영중인 시추공 지진관측소 KIK-net 기록의 지반운동(PGA, SA)과 기존에 전력연구원에서 개발한 고리원전 부지에 대한 지반운동 감쇠식의 지반운동(PGA, SA)을 비교해 본 결과 잘 부합되었으며, 이로부터 고리원전 감쇠식이 강진에 대한 지진동을 비교적 적합하게 평가함을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 시추공 KIK-net 자료의 응답스펙트럼과 일본의 원전 설계스펙트럼인 오사키 스펙트럼을 비교한 결과 후쿠오카 지진의 진동 수준이 낮게 평가되었다. 이는 전 세계에서 발생하는 강진 자료를 이용한 경험적인 응답스펙트럼이라고 할지라도 부지특성에 따라 부합되지 않을 수도 있음을 시사하고 있어 부지고유 응답스펙트럼의 개발이 필요함을 재차 확인하였다.

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Low Frequency Roll Motion of a Semi-Submersible Moored in Irregular Waves

  • Hong, Yong-Pyo;Choi, Yong-Ho;Lee, Dong-Yeon;Lee, Wang-Keun
    • Journal of Ship and Ocean Technology
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    • 제11권3호
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    • pp.1-13
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    • 2007
  • A semi-submersible drilling rig is regarded as one of the typical offshore structures operated in the field with moderate environments such as the Gulf of Mexico, Brazil, and West Africa. Its typical roll and pitch natural periods are around 30 seconds, which avoids prevailing regions of the wave energy spectrum, and their responses in waves are quite acceptable for common operation conditions. But large roll and pitch motions can be induced by wave difference frequency energy spectrum if the metacentric heights of a semi-submersible decrease to small values in some loading conditions, and it is because the roll and pitch natural periods increase and approach to the region where the spectral density of the low frequency wave drift moment has significant value. This paper describes the low frequency roll motion of a semi-submersible that are excited by the wave 2nd order difference frequency energy by a series of model experiments. From the model tests with several different initial metacentric heights (GM), it was observed that a semi-submersible can experience large roll motion due to the wave group spectrum.

Joint Subcarrier and Bit Allocation for Secondary User with Primary Users' Cooperation

  • Xu, Xiaorong;Yao, Yu-Dong;Hu, Sanqing;Yao, Yingbiao
    • KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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    • 제7권12호
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    • pp.3037-3054
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    • 2013
  • Interference between primary user (PU) and secondary user (SU) transceivers should be mitigated in order to implement underlay spectrum sharing in cognitive radio networks (CRN). Considering this scenario, an improved joint subcarrier and bit allocation scheme for cognitive user with primary users' cooperation (PU Coop) in CRN is proposed. In this scheme, the optimization problem is formulated to minimize the average interference power level at the PU receiver via PU Coop, which guarantees a higher primary signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) while maintaining the secondary user total rate constraint. The joint optimal scheme is separated into subcarrier allocation and bit assignment in each subcarrier via arith-metric geo-metric (AM-GM) inequality with asymptotical optimization solution. Moreover, the joint subcarrier and bit optimization scheme, which is evaluated by the available SU subcarriers and the allocated bits, is analyzed in the proposed PU Coop model. The performance of cognitive spectral efficiency and the average interference power level are investigated. Numerical analysis indicates that the SU's spectral efficiency increases significantly compared with the PU non-cooperation scenario. Moreover, the interference power level decreases dramatically for the proposed scheme compared with the traditional Hughes-Hartogs bit allocation scheme.

평지와 내리막 달리기 시 하지 근육의 근 피로에 관한 연구 (The Analysis of the Muscle Fatigue for the Lower Limbs Muscle during the Level and Downhill Running)

  • 문곤성;이의린
    • 한국운동역학회지
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    • 제17권4호
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    • pp.181-190
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    • 2007
  • The purpose of this study was to analyze the muscle fatigue for lower limbs during the level and downhill running. The subjects were 6 males of twenties who have no experience to get the injury in the lower limbs and required to run on the level and downhill which was -7% grade treadmill at 8.3km/h. EMG signal was gained by ME3000P8 Measurement Unit and computed the Median Frequency(MF) with the power spectrum analysis in the Megawin software. Rectus femoris(RF), Vastus lateralis(VL), Gluteus medius(GLU), Biceps Femoris(BF), gastrocnemius medial head(GM), gastrocnemius lateral head(GL), Tibialis anterior(TA) were selected. The result of this study were as follows: The MF of RF decreased in the downhill running than level running in length of time but, the MF of VL was opposite. The MF of BF decreased in the level and downhill running, but, the MF of BF decreased much in the level than downhill running. The MF of GLU decreased much in the downhill running but, almost no change in the level running. The MF of TA decreased in the level running than downhill running. The MF of GL decreased in the level running but, the MF of GM decreased in the downhill running in length of time. This study analyzed the muscle fatigue of the lower limbs with the median frequency on the basis of an assumption that the impact force for the flexion and extension of the joint and the body mass may be much in the eccentric contraction such as the downhill running than level running. RF and GM showed the muscle fatigue in the downhill running than level running. BF and GL showed the muscle fatigue in the level running than downhill running.