• BMB Reports
• /
• v.53 no.11
• /
• pp.565-575
• /
• 2020

Gene therapy is emerging as a treatment option for inherited genetic diseases. The success of this treatment approach greatly depends upon gene delivery vectors. Researchers have attempted to harness the potential of viral vectors for gene therapy applications over many decades. Among the viral vectors available, gutless adenovirus (GLAd) has been recognized as one of the most promising vectors for in vivo gene delivery. GLAd is constructed by deleting all the viral genes from an adenovirus. Owing to this structural feature, the production of GLAd requires a helper that supplies viral proteins in trans. Conventionally, the helper is an adenovirus. Although the helper adenovirus efficiently provides helper functions, it remains as an unavoidable contaminant and also generates replication-competent adenovirus (RCA) during the production of GLAd. These two undesirable contaminants have raised safety concerns and hindered the clinical applications of GLAd. Recently, we developed helper virus-free gutless adenovirus (HF-GLAd), a new version of GLAd, which is produced by a helper plasmid instead of a helper adenovirus. Utilization of this helper plasmid eliminated the helper adenovirus and RCA contamination in the production of GLAd. HF-GLAd, devoid of helper adenovirus and RCA contaminants, will facilitate its clinical applications. In this review, we discuss the characteristics of adenoviruses, the evolution and production of adenoviral vectors, and the unique features of HF-GLAd as a new platform for gene therapy. Furthermore, we highlight the potential applications of HF-GLAd as a gene delivery vector for the treatment of various inherited genetic diseases.

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
• /
• v.21 no.2
• /
• pp.86-92
• /
• 2012

We have studied the effect of speed of deposited atom on morphology evolution during Glancing Angle Deposition (GLAD). Using Kinetic Monte Carlo simulation that incorporate molecular dynamics simulations, we have shown that the rough surface morphology became smoother as the speed of deposited atom is increased. The growth exponent ${\beta}$ change from 0.97 to 0.67 as the speed increase from ${\upsilon}_0$ to $10{\upsilon}_0$ in the case of GLAD. We also examined the effect of speed of deposited atom for the case of chemical vapor deposition (CVD) simulation. Compared to GLAD, the variation in scaling exponent ${\beta}$ is small but the speed of deposited atom also have considerable effect on growth morpholgy in the case of CVD.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2007.08b
• /
• pp.1395-1398
• /
• 2007

MgO thin films were deposited by e-beam evaporator using the 2-step method for alternate current plasma display panels (AC-PDPs). Glancing angle deposition (GLAD) method was employed to produce various surface geometry of the thin film; the bottom layer was deposited on a substrate by normal e-beam evaporation method and the top layer was deposited on bottom layer with $85^{\circ}$ by GLAD method. Results show that firing and sustain voltages improved as the sharpness of surface and isolated columnar structures increases, respectively.

• Proceedings of the Optical Society of Korea Conference
• /
• 2007.02a
• /
• pp.151-152
• /
• 2007

In this study, the optical porosity of $TiO_2$ films with helical structure deposited by glancing angle deposition (GLAD) were investigated. Helical films are of interest due to their ability to differentiate states of circularly polarized light. We designed and fabricated normal-incidence circular-polarization separator deposited by GLAD (Helical structure). The optical porosity of $TiO_2$ film deposited by helical method can be applied many optical coatings.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
• /
• v.22 no.2
• /
• pp.29-36
• /
• 2014

The accident statistics use the data from police accident reports and statistics. Although the official accident statistics are useful, they provide very limited information about how accidents occur, the cause of the accident and the injury mechanisms. This limitations could be overcome by carrying out the in-depth accident study and analysing investigations, collecting more detailed information. Meanwhile a net of in-depth investigation teams are operating worldwide, such as NASS (National Accident Sampling System) and CIREN (Crash Injury Research and Engineering Network) in US, OTS (On the spot investigation) in UK. In this study, the database structure and variables of Korea in-depth accidents investigation system would be proposed through considering the database structure of GIDAS (Germany In-Depth Accidents Study). GIDAS is one of the best system on the in-depth accident study system in the world. GIDAS was established in 1999 as a cooperation project between Federal Highway Research Institute of Germany (BASt) and research association on automotive engineering of German Car Industry(FAT). The iGLAD (Initiative for the Global Harmonization of Accident Data) was also considered to introduce into the database variables of Korea in-depth accident study. Current police reports were compared with GIDAS and iGLAD. To collaborate of the Worldwide in-depth accident data, this paper proposed that the database of Korea in-depth accident study would be introduced the structure of GIDAS and the core variables of iGLAD. Harmonization of the structures and core variables of Korea in-depth accident study will be better than the making unique ones. The database structure and core variables of KIDAS(Korea In-Depth Accident Study) introduced of GIDAS and iGLAD.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
• /
• 2015.08a
• /
• pp.181.2-181.2
• /
• 2015

Sputtering is one of the most popular physical deposition methods due to their versatility and reproducibility. Synthesis of Cr thin films by DC magnetron sputtering using glancing angle deposition (GLAD) has been reported. Chromium thin films have been prepared at two different working pressure($2.0{\times}10-2$, 30, $3.3{\times}10-3torr$) on Si-wafer substrate using magnetron sputtering with glancing angle deposition (GLAD) technique. The thickness of Cr thin films on the substrate was adjusted about 1 mm. The electrical property was measured by four-point probe method. For the measurement of density in the films, an X-ray reflectivity (XRR) was carried out. The sheet resistance and column angle increased with the increase of glancing angle. However, nanohardness and density of Cr thin films decreased as the glancing angle increased. The measured density for the Cr thin films decreased from 6.1 to 3.8 g/cc as the glancing angle increased from $0^{\circ}$ to $90^{\circ}$ degree. The low density of Cr thin films is resulted from the isolated columnar structure of samples. The evolution of the isolated columnar structure was enhanced at the conditions of low sputter pressure and high glancing angle. This GLAD technique can be potentially applied to the synthesis of thin films requiring porous and uniform coating such as thin film catalysts or gas sensors.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
• /
• 2013.02a
• /
• pp.367-367
• /
• 2013

Commercial applications of indium tin oxide (ITO) can be separated into two useful areas. As it is perceived to bear electrical properties and optical transparency at once, its chance to apply to promising fields, usually for an optical device, gets greater in the passing time. ITO is one of the transparent conducting oxides (TCO), and required to carry the relative resistance less than $10^{-3}{\Omega}$/cm and transmittances over 80 % in the visible wavelength of light. Because ITO has considerable refractive index, there exist applications for anti-reflection coatings. Anti-reflection properties require gradual change in refractive index from films to air. Such changes are obtained from film density or nano-clustered fractional void. Glancing angle deposition (GLAD) method is a well known process for adjusting nanostructure of the films. From its shadowing effects, GLAD helps to deposit well-controlled porous films effectively. In this study, we are comparing the reference sample to samples coated with controlled ITO multilayer accumulated by an e-beam evaporation system. At first, the single ITO layer samples are prepared to decide refractive index with ellipsometry. Afterwards, ITO multilayer samples are fabricated and fitted by multilayer ellipsometric model based on single layer data. The structural properties were measured by using atomic force microscopy (AFM), and by scanning X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements. The ellipsometry was used to determine refractive indices and extinction coefficient. The optical transmittance of the film was investigated by using an ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometer.

• Journal of Auto-vehicle Safety Association
• /
• v.10 no.1
• /
• pp.27-31
• /
• 2018

This paper reports an analysis of cyclist accident cases with respect to passenger vehicles on Korean roads. A typology based on Initiative for the Global Harmonization of Accident Data (iGLAD) code book is applied to a traffic accident analysis system(TAAS), which has the real-world crash data on Korea roads, to understand the accident scenarios in more detail and efficiently. Similarly this typology has been used for Germany In-Depth Accidents Study (GIDAS) as well. The accident data analysis with consideration of the typology of Korean road conditions may prioritize traffic safety issues regarding cyclists and is aimed to develop an Automatic Emergency Braking (AEB) system for cyclist. In summary, this paper characterizes and analyzes the scenarios of cyclist crashes with passenger car. The most common accident scenarios on Korean roads are Car-to-Bicyclist Nearside Adult (CBNA) and Car-to-Bicyclist Longitudinal Adult (CBLA), which are more than 86% of total accidents cases. Therefore, it is inferred that AEB cyclist system should include these accident types in the operational design domain to reduce more fatality in Korea.

• Proceedings of the Optical Society of Korea Conference
• /
• 2007.07a
• /
• pp.191-192
• /
• 2007

• Proceedings of the Optical Society of Korea Conference
• /
• 2006.02a
• /
• pp.109-110
• /
• 2006