• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.476-481
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• 2007

There was no difference between eco-friendly and conventional cultivated soils in the chemical properties. But $Av.P_2O_5$ contents in the eco-friendly cultivated soils were slightly higher than that of conventional cultivated soils. In the conventional cultivated soils, the coefficient of correlation between spore density and soil chemical properties such as pH, EC, OM, $Av.P_2O_5$, K${\surd}$(Ca+Mg) and CEC was $-0.48^*$, -0.05, $0.48^*$, -0.12, -0.13, 0.31 respectively. But, in the eco-friendly cultivated soils was $-0.68^*$, $0.69^*$, $0.96^{**}$, $0.75^*$, $0.63^*$, $0.92^{**}$ respectively. The spore density was 140 spores $30g^{-1}$ in the eco-friendly cultivated soils and 60 spores $30g^{-1}$ in the conventional cultivated soils. Infection ratio of intercellular hypha was higher than that of arbuscular and vesicular among the fungi structures within the root. Suncheon and Cheonan as eco-friendly cultivated soil were higher than GimJe and NamWon in infection ratio.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Sensory Integration
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.26-35
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• 2021

Objective : The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of Interactive Metronome (IM) training on the reading fluency of an elementary school student. Methods : This study followed the ABA design, a single-case research method, and was conducted on one elementary school student. From October 2019 to December 2019, a three-session baseline phase (A), twelve-session intervention phase (B), and three-session post-baseline phase (A') were conducted. The intervention was IM training, and long-form assessment (LFA) of IM and BASA:R were performed for each session. In addition, BASA:R was conducted three times at baseline and post-baseline. Result : Compared with baseline, there was a significant improvement in reading fluency after the IM training intervention. Conclusions : IM training can be useful for increasing reading fluency. The results of this work demonstrate the efficacy of IM training as a clinical intervention to improve reading fluency in elementary school students.

• Anxiety and mood
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.13-19
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• 2019

Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate consensus relative to treatment strategies for psychosocial treatment in panic disorder, that represents one subject addressed by the Korean guidelines for treatment of panic disorder 2018. Methods : The executive committee developed questionnaires relative to treatment strategies for patients with panic disorder based on guidelines, algorithms, and clinical trials previously published in foreign countries and Korea. Seventy-two (61.0%) of 112 experts on a committee reviewing panic disorder responded to the questionnaires. We classified the consensus of expert opinions into three categories (first-line, second-line, and third-line treatment strategies), and identified treatment of choice using the Chi-square test and 95% confidence intervals. Results : For psychosocial treatment of panic disorder, individual and group cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) were recommended treatments of choice, and mindfulness based cognitive therapy (MBCT) was recommended as first line strategy. There was statistically significant consensus among experts regarding usefulness of each component of CBT and MBCT, for treatment of patients with panic disorder. Conclusion : Results, that reflect recent studies and clinical experiences, may provide the guideline for psychosocial treatment strategies for panic disorder.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.104-110
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• 2021

In this study, vinegar was prepared using black raspberry pomace to increase its utilization capacity. As a result of alcohol fermentation, the final alcohol content was 8.90% and the sugar content was 7.03°Brix. The total acid content after acetic acid fermentation was 4.44%, which was 0.38% higher than that of the juice. Among the organic acid content, the acetic acid content was higher in the pomace than in the juice. The total polyphenol (51.58 TAE mg/mL), total flavonoid (9.55 RUE mg/mL), and total anthocyanin (6.05 CYE mg/mL) contents of vinegar produced using black raspberry residue were higher than those of the juice. In addition, 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) radical scavenging activity, reducing power, and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) activity were higher than those of the juice, indicating strong antioxidant properties. Thus, black raspberry pomace has excellent acetic acid fermentation ability and high antioxidant activity, indicating that it can be used as a functional fermented vinegar.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.691-700
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• 2020

Purpose, Methoud: In this study, a survey was conducted on elementary school students in the region of Youngdong, Gangwon Province, to find out their awareness about their forest fire disaster experiences, the occurrence of forest fire, forest fire disaster education and coping behaviors for it. It's meant to provide some information on forest fire education based on the results of the survey. Four research questions were posed: 1. What is the awareness of elementary school students on their own forest fire disaster experiences? 2. What is their awareness on the occurrence of forest fire disaster? 3. What is their awareness on forest fire disaster education? 4. What is their awareness on coping behaviors for it? Result: The findings of the study were as follows: First, as for awareness on forest fire disaster experiences, 95.8 percent of the students that accounted for the majority knew about the meaning of forest fire. The students who knew about the meaning of disaster represented 80.8 percent. Second, as for awareness on the occurrence of forest fire, 35.8 percent thought forest fire broke out the most in summer. The students who had never seen forest fire in person accounted for 79.2 percent, which were the majority. Concerning the route of being aware of forest fire, the largest number of the students learned about it from TV, followed by families, friends, teachers, radio/schools and textbooks. Third, as for learning experiences on forest fire disaster, the students who had received this education accounted for 83.3 percent, which were the majority. This education was mostly provided by schools, and the second most common educational place was fire stations. Fourth, as for coping behaviors for the occurrence of forest fire, 80.5 percent replied they would dial the 119 emergency center, and the second most dominant answer was going up to the mountaintop, followed by quickly coming down to go home and having no idea. Conclusion: Through this study, It is judged that education on forest fire disasters and production of educational materials should be consistent and continuous education should be conducted.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.31-49
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• 2021

IoT devices refer to embedded devices that can communicate with networks. Since there are various types of IoT devices and they are widely used around us, in the event of an attack, damages such as personal information leakage can occur depending on the type of device. While the security team analyzes IoT devices, they should target firmware as well as software interfaces since IoT devices are operated by both of them. However, the problem is that it is not easy to extract and analyze firmware and that it is not easy to manage product quality at a certain level even if the same target is analyzed according to the analyst's expertise within the security team. Therefore, in this paper, we intend to establish a vulnerability analysis process for the firmware of IoT devices and present available tools for each step. Besides, we organized the process from firmware acquisition to analysis of IoT devices produced by various commercial manufacturers, and we wanted to prove their validity by applying it directly to drone analysis by various manufacturers.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.248-254
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• 2022

Background: Occupational hazards in crop farms vary diversely based on different field operations as soil management, harvesting processes, pesticide, or fertilizer application. We aimed at evaluating the immunological status of crop farmers, as limited systematic investigations on immune alteration involved with crop farming have been reported yet. Methods: Immunological parameters including plasma immunoglobulin level, major peripheral immune cells distribution, and level of cytokine production from activated T cell were conducted. Nineteen grape orchard, 48 onion open-field, and 21 rose greenhouse farmers were participated. Results: Significantly low proportion of natural killer (NK) cell, a core cell for innate immunity, was revealed in the grape farmers (19.8±3.3%) in comparison to the onion farmers (26.4±3.1%) and the rose farmers (26.9±2.5%), whereas cytotoxic T lymphocyte proportion was lower in the grape and the onion farmers than the rose farmers. The proportion of NKT cell, an immune cell implicated with allergic response, was significantly higher in the grape (2.3±0.3%) and the onion (1.6±0.8%) farmers compared with the rose farmers (1.0±0.4%). A significantly decreased interferon-gamma:interleukin-13 ratio was observed from ex vivo stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells of grape farmers compared with the other two groups. The grape farmers revealed the lowest levels of plasma IgG1 and IgG4, and their plasma IgE level was not significantly different from that of the onion or the rose farmers. Conclusion: Our finding suggests the high vulnerability of workplace-mediated allergic immunity in grape orchard farmers followed by open-field onion farmers and then the rose greenhouse farmers.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.35 no.12
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• pp.1948-1956
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• 2022

Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of selenium (Se) source and level on the physiological response, reproductive performance, serum Se level, and milk composition in gestating sows. Methods: A total of 54 multiparous sows (Yorkshire×Landrace) with average body weight (BW), backfat thickness (BF), and parity were assigned to one of five treatments with 10 or 11 sows per treatment using a 2×2 factorial arrangement with one additional treatment in a completely randomized design. Inorganic or organic Se (IS or OS) sources were added to the diet at 0.30 ppm and 0.50 ppm Se. A non-Se-fortified corn-soybean meal basal diet served as a negative control. Treatments were as follows: i) Control: corn-soybean based diet, ii) IS30: control+inorganic Se 0.30 ppm, iii) IS50: control+inorganic Se 0.50 ppm, iv) OS30: control+ organic Se ppm, and v) OS50: control+organic Se 0.50 ppm. Results: At day 21 of lactation, piglet weight and weight gain in the OS treatments were higher than those in the IS treatments (p<0.05). Meanwhile, adding 0.5 ppm Se also resulted in the same significant differences in piglet BW and weight gain (p<0.05). Colostrum and milk Se concentrations increased (p<0.05) with Se level for both Se sources but were greater when sows were fed organic Se (p<0.05). Except for 24 hours postpartum, the Se concentrations were higher when sows were fed organic Se (p<0.05). Sow serum Se content was greater as Se levels increased from 0.3 ppm to 0.5 ppm at day 110 of gestation, 24 hours postpartum and day 21 of lactation (p<0.05). The pig serum Se concentration increased as the dietary Se level increased (p<0.05) and was higher when the sow dietary Se source was organic (p<0.05). Organic Se 0.5 ppm also had the highest serum Se level at two measured points (p<0.05). Conclusion: Consequently, supplementation with organic Se or 0.5 ppm Se in a gestating diet could improve piglet performance, the Se status of sows and piglets and milk composition, but organic Se at 0.5 ppm is optimal.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.31-45
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• 2023

As the Private-initiated Park Development Project (PPDP) is being actively implemented, there are concerns about the deterioration of ecosystem services due to the development of long-term unexecuted urban parks. This study aims to analyze the impact of the PPDP on the ecosystem services of urban parks by examining Central Park, which is PPDP No. 1 in Gwangju, Gyeonggi-do. A study was conducted using system thinking to comprehensively understand the changes in the ecosystem services due to the PPDP. As a result of the study, the first reason for implementing the PPDP was the local government's lack of financing. Second, it was found that the creation of urban parks through the PPDP initially deteriorated cultural services yet improved them over time, while the regulating and supporting services continued to decline. Third, trade-offs appeared between urban parks' ecosystem services (i.e.., cultural services, regulating services, and supporting services). Through this, it was confirmed that it is necessary to prepare measures for planning and managing urban parks that can reduce the trade-off between the ecosystem services of urban parks. The results of this study suggest that it is necessary to understand the relationship between environmental changes and ecosystem services over time when establishing urban park creation plans and management.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.28 no.8
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• pp.21-30
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• 2023

The study proposes a model that utilizes Python-based deep learning text classification techniques to detect the legality of illegal financial advertising posts on the internet. These posts aim to promote unlawful financial activities, including the trading of bank accounts, credit card fraud, cashing out through mobile payments, and the sale of personal credit information. Despite the efforts of financial regulatory authorities, the prevalence of illegal financial activities persists. By applying this proposed model, the intention is to aid in identifying and detecting illicit content in internet-based illegal financial advertisining, thus contributing to the ongoing efforts to combat such activities. The study utilizes convolutional neural networks(CNN) and recurrent neural networks(RNN, LSTM, GRU), which are commonly used text classification techniques. The raw data for the model is based on manually confirmed regulatory judgments. By adjusting the hyperparameters of the Korean natural language processing and deep learning models, the study has achieved an optimized model with the best performance. This research holds significant meaning as it presents a deep learning model for discerning internet illegal financial advertising, which has not been previously explored. Additionally, with an accuracy range of 91.3% to 93.4% in a deep learning model, there is a hopeful anticipation for the practical application of this model in the task of detecting illicit financial advertisements, ultimately contributing to the eradication of such unlawful financial advertisements.