• 암석학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.1-16
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• 2002

1/5만 포천-기산리도폭에 넓게 분포하는 쥬라기의 대보화강암류는 선캠브리아기의 편마암 복합체를 관입한다. 이들은 모우드 분석결과 거의가 몬조화강암에 해당하며, 구성광물특성상 흑운모화강암(Gb), 석류석흑운모화강암(Ggb) 그리고 복운모화강암(Gtm)으로 구분된다. 주변지역의 야외조사와 K-Ar 운모류 연령해석에 의하면 Ggb가 Gb를 관입하였으며 Gtm은 가장 후기로 해석된다. 연구대상인 Gb와 Ggb는 서브알카린과 캘크알칼린 계열의 산성암류이다. $SiO_2$ 증가에 따라 주 원소의 대부분이 완만한 부의 경향을 뚜렷히 가지나, $TiO_2$, MgO 및 CaO등은 두 개의 다소 다른 선상분포를 이룬다. 이와 더불어 선상의 분포경향을 이룬 AMF, Sr대 Ba 그리고 Rb-Ba-Sr 관계 등으로 미루어, 이들은 동일마그마에서 기원되었으며 Ggb가 Gb보다 분화후기의 산물로 해석된다. Sr 대 CaO와 Sr 대 $K_2O$는 모두 정의 관계를 이루나, Sr이 알칼리장석보다 사장석의 분별결정작용에 보다 더 관여한 경향을 이룬다. 콘드라이트 값으로 표준화한 변화도에서 이들은 LREE에서 HREE로 갈수록 점진적으로 뚜렷이 결핍된다. 그러나 Ggb의 한 개 시료는 HREE가 점이적 증가경향을 이루며, 이는 석류석의 수반에 의한 것으로 해석된다. Eu 부의 이상으로 미루어 Gb에 비해 Ggb에서 사장석의 분별결정작용이 매우 강하게 일어난 것으로 보인다. (Qz+Af) 대 Op의 모우드 상관도에서 Gb는 거의가 자철석 계열에, Ggb는 모두 티탄철석 계열에 속한다. 모우드 분석과 대자율 역산에서 Gb와 Ggb의 대자율은 각각 339.3 ${\mu}SI$와 2.3 ${\mu}SI$로써 뚜렷이 구분되며, 이는 각각 자철석과 흑운모가 주도하는 것으로 분석된다 Gb와 Ggb의 $SiO_2$는 각각 높은 함량과 좁은 범위값을, $K_2O/Na_2O$는 각각 1.29와 1.27을, 그리고 A/CNK 몰비는 거의가 1.05 이상의 값을 가진다. 그 밖에 ACF도와 대자율값에서도 모두 S-형에 속하는 암석성인적 특성을 보인다.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2003년도 하계종합학술대회 논문집 I
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• pp.438-441
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• 2003

본 논문은 10Gb/s 클라이언트 신호를 4 채널까지 매핑 및 다중화하여 40Gb/s OTN 신호를 생성하는 OTU3 프레이머의 구조 설계를 기술한다. 클라이언트 신호는 상호 비동기인 경우 먼저 ODU2 로 비트 동기식으로 매핑된 후 ODU3 페이로드에 자리맞춤 방법으로 매핑 및 다중화될 수 있다.

• 전자공학회지
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• 제31권8호
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• pp.73-82
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• 2004

SONET/SDH 전송망에서의 데이터 전송율은 10Gb/s급인 OC-192에서 40Gb/s급인 OC-768 로 발전하였으며, 이더넷 (Ethernet)에서의 데이터 전송율은 1998년 1기가비트 이더넷 기술이 표준화된데 이어 2002년에 10기가비트 이더넷기술의 표준화가 완료되었고 조만간 후속 기술로서 40Gb/s또는 100Gb/s급의 이더넷에 대한 논의가 대두될 것으로 예측된다.(중략)

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.391-397
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• 2007

목 적: 담낭 결석은 담도계의 가장 흔한 질환이며 우리나라에서 점차적으로 늘어나고 있는 추세이다. 이와 같은 변화는 서구화된 식이요인이 변화되었기 때문이다. 본 연구는 식이요인에 따른 담낭 운동성과 담낭결석과의 관계를 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 전라북도 위도에서 69명과 경기도 남양주시에서 60명 등 총 129명을 대상으로 하였다. 남양주 시에서 60명 중 9명(남: 2, 여: 7)에서 담석이 발견되었는데 9명을 담석증군으로 하였다. 위도에서 69명 중 단 한 명도 담석이 발견되지 않아 단순 무작위 표본추출로 18명(남: 6, 여: 12)을 담석이 없는 대조군으로 하였다. 담석 및 당뇨가 없는 20대 4명(남: 2, 여: 2)을 추가로 실험 대상자로 설정하여 각각 생선 섭취 후 담낭의 박출 계수와 육류 섭취 후 담낭의 박출 계수를 구하였다. 결 과: 생선과 육류 섭취 후 담낭의 박출 계수율이 차이가 있었다. 생선 섭취 후 120분에 담낭의 박출 계수율이 가장 높게 나타났으며 육류 섭취 후 210분에 담낭의 박출 계수율이 가장 높게 나타났다. 결 론: 생선 섭취 후 보다 육류 섭취 후 담낭 내 담즙이 오래 정체되어 담낭 결석이 형성된다. 본 연구의 결과 담낭의 운동성이 담낭 결석의 형성에 중요한 역할을 한다.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.45-66
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• 2016

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to find parameters to compare the effects of Sa-Am acupuncture with gall bladder jeonggyeok and seunggyeok on radial pulse in healthy subjects. Methods : 60 healthy subjects participated in this study and divided into the gall bladder jeonggyeok group (GB+ group), the gall bladder seunggyeok group (GB- group) and the control group. Radial pulse was measured by a 3 dimensional pulse imaging system (DMP-3000) before, immediately after, 30 minutes after and 60 minutes after acupuncture on the Cun, Guan and Chi in the GB+, GB- group and at the same time for the control group. Results : 1. The GB+ and GB- group exhibited significantly increased T, M4/M1 and decreased T1/T, T2/T, T5/T, M1, M2 compared to the control group. 2. The GB+ and GB- group exhibited significantly increased H4, Ad/Ap, RAI/HR and decreased As/Ap, Aw/Ap in the right Guan and decreased pulse power volume/min in the left Guan compared to the control group. 3. The GB- group exhibited significantly decreased M3, M3/M1 and increased M4/M1, M5, M5/M1 compared to the GB+ group. The GB+ group exhibited significantly decreased T4/(T-T4) compared to the GB- group. 4. The GB- group exhibited significantly decreased H1 in the right Guan, Chi, H4, pulse area in the right Chi, H5, pulse power volume/min in the left Chi, right Chi, and increased main peak angle in the right Guan, Chi compared to the GB+ group. Conclusion : The effect of gall bladder jeonggyeok and seunggyeok in healthy humans may be observed on various parameters. The parameters analyzed in this study may be used to differentiate effects between gall bladder jeonggyeok and seunggyeok on radial pulse. Further studies on the effects of Sa-Am acupuncture using radial pulse are needed.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.143-158
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• 2008

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to observe the anti-oxidative effects of electroacupuncture at GB34(Yangreungcheon) in rats. Methods : The authors performed several experimental items including measurements of body weight, relative liver weight, levels of albumin, total bilirubin, LDL-cholesterol, LDH, GOT and GPT in blood serum, levels of SOD, glutathione, catalase, NO and MDA in liver, and histological analysis of liver. The conclusions are as follows. Results : 1. In the GB34-EA group, liver index was lower than those of the control group and the holder group. 2. In the GB34-EA group, the levels of albumin and total bilirubin in serum were increased significantly compared to those of the control and the holder group. LDL-cholesterol level was decreased significantly compared to those of the control group and the holder group. 3. In the GB34-EA group, liver SOD, glutathione, catalase activity were increased, and NO concentration in liver was decreased significantly compared to those of control and the holder group. 4. In the GB34-EA group, the density of liver tissue was more similarly maintained to that of the normal group compared to those of the control group, holder group and sham-EA group. Conclusions : These results suggest that electroacupuncture at GB34 may have an antioxidant effect in rat.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.111-123
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• 2009

Objective : The purpose of this study is to observe the effect of high frequency electro-acupuncture (hf-EA) at Yanglingquan(GB34) on $CCl_4$-induced liver damage in rats. Methods : The author performed several experimental items, including measurements of body weight and liver weight, hematological analysis for RBC, WBC, PLT, hemoglobin, lymphocytes, neutrophils, monocytes and biochemical assays for ALT, AST, ALP and total cholesterol in serum, and histological analysis of liver tissue. Results & Conclusion : 1. WBC level in blood was slightly reduced by acupuncture and hf-EA at GB34. 2. Lymphocyte level in blood was decreased by $CCl_4$-intoxication and significantly increased by acupuncture and hf-EA at GB34. 3. Neutrophils level in blood was slightly reduced by acupuncture and hf-EA at GB34. 4. ALT and AST in serum were reduced significantly by acupuncture and hf-EA at GB34. 5. The pathological changes of liver tissue induced by $CCl_4$ was reduced by hf-EA at GB34. 6. No significant difference was found between the effects of acupuncture and hf-EA on CCl4-induced liver damage in rats.

• 한국전자파학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전자파학회 2003년도 종합학술발표회 논문집 Vol.13 No.1
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• pp.136-139
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• 2003

A clock recovery circuit for a 40 Gb/s optical receiver has been designed and implemented. The clock recovery circuit consists of signal amplifiers, a nonlinear circuit with diodes, and a bandpass filter Before implementing the 40 Gb/s clock recovery circuit, a 10 Gb/s clock recovery circuit has been successfully implemented and tested. With the 40 Gb/s clock recovery circuit, when a 40 Gb/s NRZ signal of -10 dBm was applied to the input of the circuit, the 40 GHz clock was recovered with the -20 dBm output power after passing through the nonlinear circuit. The output signal from the nonlinear circuit passes through a narrow-band filter, and then amplified. The implemented clock recovery circuit is planned to be used for the input of a phase locked loop to further stabilize the recovered clock signal and to reduce the clock jitter.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.849-855
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• 2012

Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) pseudomonads have a large number of lipopolysaccharides on the cell surface, which induces immune responses. Cd-resistant PGPR prevalent at the Cd-affected sites under biophytostabilization was monitored. Transmissiom electron microscopy was used to the study the behavior of tolerance of PGPR to cadmium level and its effect on pseudomonad strains (Z9, S2, KNP2, CRPF, and NBRI). An immunosensor was developed by immobilizing antibody (anti-Z9 or anti-S2) against selected PGPR on a piezoelectric quartz crystal microbalance (QCM). Immunosensors were found to supplement the inherent specificity of antigen-antibody reactions with the high sensitivity of a physical transducer. On comparison of the efficiency of detection with ELISA, the spectrophotometric technique, the developed immunosensor was found to be more sensitive, fast, and reliable even after regeneration for several times. Thus, the immunosensor may be used for future detection of PGPR strains after automation of the screening process.

• Journal of Acupuncture & Meridian Studies
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.355-360
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• 2018

Introductions: Pneumothorax is the most frequent severe acupuncture-related adverse event occurring at the GB 21 acupoint. This study used ultrasonography (US) to measure the depth of the GB 21 acupoint in adults and assessed its applicability for ensuring safe acupuncture practices. Materials and methods: A US probe was used to measure the vertical depth from the skin to the pleural line of the apex of the lungs at the right and left GB 21 acupoints. The sex, age, body weight, height, and body mass index of each person were recorded. Student t test and generalized estimating equations were used for statistical analysis. Results: Sixty women and 41 men with a median age of 29 years were included in this study. The depth of GB 21 increased with body weight, height, and body mass index (p < 0.001). The mean depth of GB 21 in men (17.4 mm) was greater than that in women (14.6 mm; p < 0.001). The depth difference between the right and left shoulders was significant in men (p < 0.001) but not in women. Conclusions: US can be used to measure GB 21 acupoint depth. Further control studies on its use to ensure safe clinical practices, including preventing acupuncture-related pneumothorax, are warranted.