• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.364-377
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• 2014

The performances of a coupled reactor in which a steam reformer and a catalytic combustor were mounted simultaneously had been investigated and compared. The combustible offgas exhausted from the anode of SOFC and MCFC were utilized as heat sources for the endothermic steam methane reforming. The catalytic combustion was used in order to burn the combustible offgas. Thermal energy released by the catalytic combustion is directly transferred to the reformer surrounding the combustor. The various operational conditions such as fuel utilization rate, steam to carbon ratio, amount of catalysts, fuel cell loads were changed. And operating variables were comprehensively identified by sensitivity analysis. The fundamental results from this experimental study show the potential abilities of the coupled reactor. Therefore the results will be of help to design and manufacture the more better coupled reactor in the future.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2010.06a
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• pp.228.1-228.1
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• 2010

선택적 CO 산화반응(PrOx)을 위한 Ru이 고분산 담지된 $Ru/{\alpha}-Al_2O_3$ 촉매를 증착-침전법(deposition-precipitation)으로 제조하였다. 용액의 pH와 aging 시간에 따른 Ru 입자의 크기 변화와 분산도의 영향을 살펴보았으며 함침법(impregnation)으로 비교 촉매를 제조하였다. 촉매의 특성분석은 BET, TPR, CO-Chemisorption분석을 수행하여 촉매의 비표면적, 환원특성, 분산도를 알 수 있었다. 특성분석결과, 증착-침전법으로 제조한 $Ru/{\alpha}-Al_2O_3$ 촉매가 함침법으로 제조한 촉매에 비해 분산도가 높았으며, pH별 촉매 제조에서는 pH6.5로 제조한 촉매가 22.06%로 가장 높은 분산도를 보였다. 또한, 담체의 비표면적 영향에 따른 Ru 입자의 분산도를 살펴보기 위해 ${\gamma}-Al_2O_3$와 ${\alpha}-Al_2O_3$ 담체를 적용한 결과, 비표면적이 작은 ${\alpha}-Al_2O_3$ 담체 표면에서 Ru 분산도가 ${\gamma}-Al_2O_3$ 담체에 비해 높았다. 이는 기공이 발달하여 비표면적이 넓은 ${\gamma}-Al_2O_3$ 담체는 소량의 Ru을 고분산 담지 시 담체 표면보다는 기공 내에 담지 되는 양이 많아 실제 반응 시 반응에 참여하는 표면 활성 금속양이 적음을 알 수 있다. 특히, 선택적 산화반응과 같이 표면에서 빠른 반응이 일어나는 경우, 기공 내부의 활성금속이 반응에 참여하기 어려워 반응 활성이 낮음을 PrOx 반응실험을 통해 확인할 수 있었다. PrOx test 조건은 GHSV 250000~60000, 온도는 80~200도, 람다값은 2~4로 성능 비교하여 실험 하였다. PrOx의 성능평가 결과 담체를 ${\alpha}-Al_2O_3$를 사용하여 deposition-precipitation방법으로 제조한 pH6.5 촉매에서 $100{\sim}160^{\circ}C$에서 90%의 가장 높은 CO conversion을 가지고 18%의 선택도를 가졌다.

• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.519-525
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• 2010

Ethanol was used as reductant to remove $NO_x$ over Ag/$Al_2O_3$ catalyst via SCR from stationary emission source. Among the tested hydrocarbon reductants, ethanol showed highest de-$NO_x$ performance over the Ag/$Al_2O_3$ catalyst. De-$NO_x$ efficiency of about 83% was obtained in the condition of GHSV 20,000 $hr^{-1}$, $NO_x$ 200 ppm, CO 200 ppm, $O_2$ 13%, $H_2O$ 5% and mole ratio of ethanol/$NO_x$ = 2 between temperature of $300^{\circ}C$ and $400^{\circ}C$. While $SO_2$ presence in the $NO_x$ exhaust suppressed the catalytic activity, catalyst with acid (0.7% $H_2SO_4$) treatment of catalyst showed higher catalytic activity, where In-Situ DRIFT showed S presence over catalyst surface was increased after acid treatment of catalyst. From in-situ DRIFT and SCR results, it was concluded that sulfur presence over the surface of Ag/$Al_2O_3$ catalyst was the dominant factor to control the de-$NO_x$ reaction yield via HC-SCR from the exhausted gas including $SO_2$.

• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.500-506
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• 2010

The metal monolith catalyst coated with 15wt% Ni/$MgAl_2O_4$ is applied to the natural gas steam reforming for hydrogen production. To address the improvement of adherence between metal monolith and catalyst coating layer, the pre-calcination temperature as well as the coating conditions of $Al_2O_3$ sol are optimized. When the Fe-Cr alloy monolith is pre-calcined at $900^{\circ}C$ for 6 h, $Al_2O_3$ layer was formed uniformly on the entire surface of the metal substrate. It is seen that the formation of $Al_2O_3$ layer on the monolith surface is essential for the uniform coating of $Al_2O_3$ sol onto the monolith substrate. The monolith catalyst coated with 10wt% $Al_2O_3$ sol shows high $CH_4$ conversion and good thermal stability as compared with the monolith catalyst without $Al_2O_3$ sol coating under severe reaction conditions with high GHSV of 30,000 $h^{-1}$ at $700^{\circ}C$. In addition, the metal monolith catalyst shows higher catalytic activity and better thermal conductivity than 15wt% Ni/$MgAl_2O_4$ pellet catalyst.

• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.570-576
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• 2014

LFG (Land-Fill Gas) includes components of $CH_4$, $CO_2$, $O_2$, $N_2$, and water. The preparation of synthesis gas from LFG as a DME (Dimethyl Ether) feedstock was studied by methane reforming of $CO_2$, $O_2$ and steam over NiO-MgO-$CeO_2$/$Al_2O_3$ catalyst. Our experiments were performed to investigate the effects of methane conversion and syngas ratio on the amount of LFG components over NiO-MgO-$CeO_2$/$Al_2O_3$ catalyst. Results were obtained through the activity reaction experiments at the temperature of $900^{\circ}C$ and GHSV of 4,000. The results were as following; it has generally shown that methane conversion rate increased with the increase of oxygen and carbon dioxide amounts. Highly methane conversion of 92~93% and syngas ratio of approximately 1.0 were obtained in the feed of gas composition flow-rate of 243ml/min of $CH_4$, 241ml/min of $CO_2$, 195ml/min of $O_2$, 48ml/min of $N_2$, and 360ml/min of water, respectively, under reactor pressure of 15 bar for 50 hrs of reaction time. Also, it was shown that catalyst deactivation by coke formation was reduced by excessively adding oxygen and steam as an oxidizer of the methane reforming.

• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.227-233
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• 2014

Simulated waste-derived synthesis gas has been tested for hydrogen production through water-gas shift (WGS) reaction over supported Cu catalysts prepared by co-precipitation method. $CeO_2$, $ZrO_2$, MgO, and $Al_2O_3$ were employed as supports for WGS reaction in this study. $Cu-CeO_2$ catalyst exhibited excellent catalytic activity as well as 100% $CO_2$ selectivity for WGS in severe conditions ($GHSV=40,206h^{-1}$ and CO concentration = 38.0%). In addition, $Cu-CeO_2$ catalyst showed stable CO conversion for 20h without detectable catalyst deactivation. The high activity and stability of $Cu-CeO_2$ catalyst are correlated to its easier reducibility, high oxygen mobility/storage capacity of $CeO_2$.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.91-98
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• 1997

Y-zeolite and ${\gamma}$-Al$_2$O$_3$ were used as supports on CO and $C_3$H$_{6}$ oxidation for diesel emission control. The catalysts composed of Pd and Pt as active components were wash coated on honeycomb type ceramic substrate. The oxidation of CO and $C_3$H$_{6}$ was carried out over prepared honeycomb in a fixed bed continuous reactor in the temperature range of 20$0^{\circ}C$~50$0^{\circ}C$ and 20,000 GHSV (h$^{-1}$ ). Surface area of Y-zeolite was larger than that of ${\gamma}$-Al$_2$O$_3$ due to channel structure of Y-zeolite. Therefore, high conversion of CO and $C_3$H$_{6}$ could be obtained because of good dispersion of active metals over Y-zeolite. The honeycomb used Y-zeolite as a support showed higher $C_3$H$_{6}$ conversion than that of ${\gamma}$-Al$_2$O$_3$ due to better cracking and isomerization activity of Y-zeolite. PdPt catalyst showed high conversion of CO and $C_3$H$_{6}$ at low temperature region, 20$0^{\circ}C$~30$0^{\circ}C$, for their synergy effects. PdPt/Y-Zeolite catalyst could achieve more than 80％ conversion of $C_3$H$_{6}$ at 30$0^{\circ}C$. The use of Y-zeolite as a support increased CO and $C_3$H$_{6}$ conversion, and decreased SO$_2$ conversion very effectively. Y-zeolite found to have a good adaptability as a support for the diesel emission after treatment system.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.1912-1920
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• 2011

The $SnO_2$ with a particle size of about 300 nm instead of Ni is used in this study to overcome rapid catalytic deactivation by the formation of a $NiAl_2O_4$ spinal structure on the conventional Ni/${\gamma}$-$Al_2O_3$ catalyst and simultaneously impregnated the catalyst with potassium (K). The $SnO_2-K_2O$ impregnated Zeolite Y catalyst ($SnO_2-K_2O$/ZY) exhibited significantly higher ethanol reforming reactivity that that achieved with $SnO_2$ 100 and $SnO_2$ 30 wt %/ZY catalysts. The main products from ethanol steam reforming (ESR) over the $SnO_2$-$K_2O$/ZY catalyst were $H_2$, $CO_2$, and $CH_4$, with no evidence of any CO molecule formation. The $H_2$ production and ethanol conversion were maximized at 89% and 100%, respectively, over $SnO_2$ 30 wt %-$K_2O$ 3.0 wt %/ZY at 600 $^{\circ}C$ for 1 h at a $CH_3CH_2OH:H_2O$ ratio of 1:1 and a gas hourly space velocity (GHSV) of 12,700 $h^{-1}$. No catalytic deactivation occurred for up to 73 h. This result is attributable to the easier and weaker of reduction of Sn components and acidities over $SnO_2-K_2O$/ZY catalyst, respectively, than those of Ni/${\gamma}$-$Al_2O_3$ catalysts.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.46-52
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• 2009

Hydrogen can extend the lean misfire limit to a large extent when it is mixed with conventional fuels for an internal combustion engine. This study is about fuel reforming to produce hydrogen enriched gas as a fuel for engine. Especially gasoline, which consists of numerous hydrocarbon fuels, considered as source of reformed gas. Various hydrocarbons, including commercial fuel were reformed and potentialities of reformed gas on vehicles were accessed. The reforming efficiency and hydrogen yield were observed. Maximum hydrogen yield were found with different gas hourly space velocity(GHSV) and O2/C ratio of reforming conditions.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.157.1-157.1
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• 2011

선택적 CO 산화반응(PrOx)에 사용되는 촉매 중 Pt, Ru, Rh 등의 귀금속 계 촉매들은 비귀금속 계 촉매에 비해 활성이 좋은 반면 가격이 비싸다는 경제적인 제한점이 있다. 따라서 소량의 귀금속을 사용하여 높은 활성의 촉매를 제조하고자 활성금속의 고분산 담지 방법에 대한 연구가 이루어지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 담체인 ${\gamma}-Al_2O_3$ 표면에 활성금속인 Pt의 고분산 담지를 위해 증착-침전법(Deposition-precipitation)을 적용하였으며 용액의 pH 변화에 따른 Pt 금속 입자의 분산도에 대한 영향을 살펴보았다. Pt의 함량은 1wt%로 고정하였고 침전제로 NaOH를 사용하여 용액의 pH를 pH 7.5 ~ 10.5로 변화시켰다. 제조된 촉매는 세척 후 $400^{\circ}C$, 3시간 소성 하였다. 제조된 1wt% Pt/$Al_2O_3$ 촉매의 특성분석을 위해 BET, TPR, CO-chemisorption을 수행하였다. PrOx 반응 실험은 GHSV=60,000 $ml/g_{cat}{\cdot}h$, $T=100{\sim}200^{\circ}C$, ${\lambda}$=4 조건에서 수행되었으며 반응 전에 촉매는 $400^{\circ}C$, 3시간 환원 후 사용하였다. 촉매의 특성분석과 PrOx 반응 실험 결과를 통해 촉매가 담체 위에 고분산 되는 최적의 pH를 확인할 수 있었으며, 기존의 함침법으로 제조된 촉매와 성능 비교를 통해 제조방법에 따른 영향을 살펴보았다.