• Title/Summary/Keyword: GDS

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Design of the Flash Memory for Image/voice Recorder (화상ㆍ음성 레코더를 위한 플래쉬 메모리 설계)

  • 신필순;김동현;곽윤식;김백기;신재룡
    • Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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    • 2001.10a
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    • pp.567-570
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    • 2001
  • In this paper, we proposed flash memory design method for image and voice recoder based on the standard imageㆍvoice codec algorithm. For implementation of this method we designed image voice browser which is application system of flash memory and card using GDS30C6001 USB controller. To process image and voice data we designed root directory of image and voice files repectively. To extend application of image and voice data we added various information to the system.

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Development of Expert System for Automatical Dimension Marking on Drawing (도면 치수 자동 표시 전문가 시스템의 개발)

  • Lee, Keun-Ho;Cho, Tae-Ho
    • Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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    • 2003.05a
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    • pp.269-272
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    • 2003
  • 그레이팅이라는 금속제품의 자동 설계 시스템인 GDS (Grating automatic Drawing System)는 기본 설계 도면(Plan Drawing)의 정보들을 바탕으로 여러 세부 도면들을 자동 생성하는 시스템이다. 그러나 GDS를 통해 자동 생성된 도면은 설계자들의 일반적인 치수기입 요령을 부분적으로 만족시키지 못하고 있으며 또 치수 표시간의 겹침 현상이 발생하여 설계자가 도면을 수정해야 하는 번거로움이 있었다. 본 논문은 이러한 문제점을 해결하기 위해, 설계 전문가들의 치수 표시법을 지식으로 하여 규칙 기반 전문가 시스템을 구성하였다.

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Effects of Steel Composition on Heat Resistance and Coatability of Hot-dip Aluminized Sheet Steel (용융 Al 도금강판의 내열성과 밀착성에 미치는 강성분 영향)

  • Bae, Dae-Cheol
    • Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Surface Engineering Conference
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    • 2007.04a
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    • pp.40-41
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    • 2007
  • 용융 Al 도금강판의 내열성, 도금성 향상을 위한 실험실적 변수 영향을 고찰하였다. 내열성 향상을 위한 강 성분 변경시험 결과와 용융 도금성(젖음성 : Wettability) 향상을 위한 표면 농화물 등의 관찰 결과를 Fe-SEM, Glossmeter, 광학현미경, GDS 기기 등을 이용하여 측정하였다. 아울러, 용융 Al도금이 가능한 각 원소의 영향을 고찰함으로써 현재 $400^{\circ}C$ 전후에서 변색 없이 사용가능한 수준을 약 $80-100^{\circ}C$ 상승시킴으로써 Alcosta 제품 사용범위 확대에 기여한다.

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Pregnancy outcomes following the administration of high doses of dexamethasone in early pregnancy

  • Ahmadabad, Hasan Namdar;Jafari, Sabah Kayvan;Firizi, Maryam Nezafat;Abbaspour, Ali Reza;Gharib, Fahime Ghafoori;Ghobadi, Yusef;Gholizadeh, Samira
    • Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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    • v.43 no.1
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    • pp.15-25
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    • 2016
  • Objective: In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of high doses of dexamethasone (DEX) in early pregnancy on pregnancy outcomes. Methods: Pregnant BALB/c mice were treated with high-dose DEX in the experimental group or saline in the control group on gestational days (GDs) 0.5 to 4.5. Pregnant mice were sacrificed on GDs 7.5, 13.5, or 18.5 and their peripheral blood, placentas, fetuses, and uterine tissue were collected. Decidual and placenta cell supernatants were examined to evaluate the effect of DEX on the proliferation of mononuclear cells, the quantity of uterine macrophages and uterine natural killer (uNK) cells, and levels of progesterone and $17{\beta}-estradiol$, as determined by an 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, immunohistochemistry, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. We also were measured fetal and placental growth parameters on GD 18.5. Results: We found that high doses of DEX were associated with an increased abortion rate, enhancement of the immunosuppressive effect of the decidua, alterations in placental growth parameters, decreased progesterone and $17{\beta}-estradiol$ levels, and a reduced frequency of macrophages and uNK cells. Conclusion: Our data suggest that the high-dose administration of DEX during early pregnancy negatively affected pregnancy outcomes.

Evaluation of the Interstitial Cystitis Symptom Index and Problem Index-Korean Version (한국판 간질성 방광염 증상지수/문제지수(ICSI/ICPI-K)의 평가)

  • Son, Haeng-Mi;Kim, Jeung-Im
    • Women's Health Nursing
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    • v.14 no.4
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    • pp.290-296
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    • 2008
  • Purpose: The O'Leary Symptom Index and Problem Index(ICSI/ICPI) have been used widespread in clinical studies and research. This research was aimed to determine the reliability and validity of the ICSI/ICPI-K that was translated into Korean. Methods: The research design was a methodological study to test the measurements. Subjects were 301 elderly women in Seoul, Chungnam and Gyungbuk. They were recruited through a formal announcement and they responded after informed consent. Data was analyzed with SPSS 15.0. The internal consistency was assessed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient and the criterion validity was assessed by Pearson correlation with the Geriatric Depression Scale(GDS) and inter-subscales. Results: The elderly women were on average 74.3 years old. As to the reliability of the scale, ICSI/ICPI-K had a Cronbach alpha of .832. In addition, the results showed that ICSI/ICPI-K was valid through the Pearson correlation. That is, the ICSI-K and ICPI-K had a significant relationship with GDS(r=.295; r=.374, respectively) and strong correlations of subscale to subscale(ICSI-K & ICPI-K: r=.676). The most common symptom of the lower urinary tract by the ICSI/ICPI-K was nocturia 249(83.3%) followed by frequency 187(62.8%), urgency 148(49.8%). and pelvic pain 71(23.9%) in the elderly women. Conclusion: We can conclude that the ICSI/ICPI-K is reliable and valid in Korean elderly women. It needs to be evaluated in the clinical area.

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Effects of Dual-Task Training with Cognitive Tasks on Cognitive Function and β-amyloid Levels in the Elderly with Mild Dementia

  • Lee, Do-Youn;Nam, Seung-Min
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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    • v.15 no.2
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    • pp.23-30
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    • 2020
  • PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of dual-task training with cognitive tasks on cognitive functions and β-amyloid levels in the elderly with mild dementia. METHODS: The subjects were 36 elderly inpatients diagnosed with mild dementia at S Hospital located in Gyeongsangbuk-do, South Korea. The patients were randomly divided into a dual-task training group (DTG; n = 18) or a single-task training group (STG; n = 18). DTG performed dual-task training with cognitive tasks while STG performed only exercise tasks. These groups performed their respective exercises during a 30-minute session occurring three times a week over an 8-week period. MMSE-K and GDS were used to measure the subjects' cognitive function. To assess the subjects' dementia-related factors, their β-amyloid levels were measured by blood analysis. RESULTS: The results of the experiment were as follows: DTG showed statistically significant differences between their MMSE-K scores and β-amyloid levels before and after training (p < .05), whereas they exhibited no statistically significant differences in their GDS scores. MMSE-K scores and β-amyloid levels were significantly different between DTG and STG after training. CONCLUSION: The present study's overall results indicate that dual-task training with cognitive tasks is more effective than single-task training in improving cognitive functions and β-amyloid levels in the elderly with mild dementia. In other words, regular dual-task training can be considered as effective in improving cognitive function and dementia-related factors in the elderly with mild dementia and thus may be suggested as an effective exercise method for the treatment and early prevention of dementia.

Effects of home-based cognitive and physico - occupational therapy program on cognitive function, depression and quality of life in dementia patients of a community (가정방문 인지 및 신체활동 작업치료 프로그램이 재가 치매환자의 인지, 우울 및 삶의 질에 미치는 효과)

  • Yoon, Hyun-Sung;Lee, Kang-Sook;Jeong, Won-Mee;Park, Yong-Jun;Park, Hanul
    • Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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    • v.33 no.1
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    • pp.23-32
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    • 2016
  • Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine the effects of home-based cognitive physico-occupational therapy(HBCPOT) on cognitive function, depression, and quality of life in dementia patients, using a cognitive impairment model. Methods: The data was analysed for Mini-Mental State Examination-Korean version (MMSE-KC) for assessing cognitive function, Quality of life-Alzheimer's Disease (QOL-AD) and Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) in 31 dementia patients who received home-based cognitive physico-occupational therapy for one hour once a week for 12 weeks by a trained occupational therapist at the Dementia Prevention and Management Center of Y-city during 20111-2013. Results: Among these 31 patients, 18(58.1%) were female, and 25(80.6%) had Alzheimer's Disease. After HBCPOT, the mean scores of MMSE-KC and QOL-AD were significantly improved, but GDS score was not significantly decreased. Conclusions: It was suggested that HBCPOT was effective in improving cognitive function and quality of life.

Risk Factors for Delirium after Spine Surgery in Elderly Patients

  • Seo, Jin Suk;Park, Seung Won;Lee, Young Seok;Chung, Chan;Kim, Young Baeg
    • Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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    • v.56 no.1
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    • pp.28-33
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    • 2014
  • Objective : Postoperative delirium is a common complication in the elderly after surgery but few papers have reported after spinal surgery. We analyzed various risk factors for postoperative delirium after spine surgery. Methods : Between May 2012 and September 2013, 70 patients over 60 years of age were examined. The patients were divided into two groups : Group A with delirium and Group B without delirium. Cognitive function was examined with the Mini-Mental State Examination-Korea (MMSE-K), Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) and Global Deterioration Scale (GDS). Information was also obtained on the patients' education level, underlying diseases, duration of hospital stay and laboratory findings. Intraoperative assessment included Bispectral index (BIS), type of surgery or anesthesia, blood pressure, fluid balance, estimated blood loss and duration of surgery. Results : Postoperative delirium developed in 17 patients. The preoperative scores for the MMSE, CDR, and GDS in Group A were $19.1{\pm}5.4$, $0.9{\pm}0.6$, and $3.3{\pm}1.1$. These were significantly lower than those of Group B ($25.6{\pm}3.4$, $0.5{\pm}0.2$, and $2.1{\pm}0.7$) (p<0.05). BIS was lower in Group A ($30.2{\pm}6.8$ compared to $35.4{\pm}5.6$ in group B) (p<0.05). The number of BIS <40 were $5.1{\pm}3.1$ times in Group A, $2.5{\pm}2.2$ times in Group B (p<0.01). In addition, longer operation time and longer hospital stay were risk factors. Conclusion : Precise analysis of risk factors for postoperative delirium seems to be more important in spinal surgery because the surgery is not usually expected to have an effect on brain function. Although no risk factors specific to spinal surgery were identified, the BIS may represent a valuable new intraoperative predictor of the risk of delirium.

Relationship between Thin Film Thickness and Structural Properties of BaTiO3 Thin Films Grown on p-Si Substrates (p-Si 기판에 성장한 BaTiO3 박막의 두께와 구조적 특성과의 관계)

  • Min, Ki-Deuk;Lee, Jongwon;Kim, Seon-Jin
    • Korean Journal of Materials Research
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    • v.23 no.6
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    • pp.334-338
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    • 2013
  • In this study, $BaTiO_3$ thin films were grown by RF-magnetron sputtering, and the effects of the thin film thickness on the structural characteristics of $BaTiO_3$ thin films were systematically investigated. Instead of the oxide substrates generally used for the growth of $BaTiO_3$ thin films, p-Si substrates which are widely used in the current semiconductor processing, were used in this study in order to pursue high efficiency in device integration processing. For the crystallization of the grown thin films, annealing was carried out in air, and the annealing temperature was varied from $700^{\circ}C$. The changed thickness was within 200 nm~1200 nm. The XRD results showed that the best crystal quality was obtained for ample thicknesses 700 nm~1200 nm. The SEM analysis revealed that Si/$BaTiO_3$ are good quality interface characteristics within 300 nm when observed thickness. And surface roughness observed of $BaTiO_3$ thin films from AFM measurement are good quality surface characteristics within 300 nm. Depth-profiling analysis through GDS (glow discharge spectrometer) showed that the stoichiometric composition could be maintained. The results obtained in this study clearly revealed $BaTiO_3$ thin films grown on a p-Si substrate such as thin film thickness. The optimum thickness was 300 nm, the thin film was found to have the characteristics of thin film with good electrical properties.

Effects of virtual reality-based core stabilization exercise on upper extremity function, postural control, and depression in persons with stroke

  • Kim, Jee-Won;Kim, Jung-Hee;Lee, Byoung-Hee
    • Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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    • v.9 no.3
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    • pp.131-139
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    • 2020
  • Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of virtual reality (VR)-based core stabilization exercise on upper extremity function, postural control, and depression among persons with stroke with hemiplegia. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Methods: This study was conducted with the inclusion of 24 participants and were randomly assigned to either the VR-based trunk stability exercise group (n=12) or control group (n=12). The VR-based trunk stability exercise group performed core stabilization exercises in a VR environment for 30 minutes. Meanwhile, the control group conducted general core stabilization exercises for 30 minutes. The participants trained 3 times a week for 4 weeks. The manual functional test (MFT), Box and Block Test (BBT), Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Trunk Impairment Scale (TIS), the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) were used to assess all participants before and after the intervention. Results: The VR-based core stabilization exercise group had a significant improvement in upper extremity function (MFT, BBT) and postural control (BBS) compared with the control group (p<0.05). The VR-based core stabilization exercise showed a significant difference after intervention in the TIS and GDS scores (p<0.05), but they did not significantly differ between the two groups. Conclusions: The result showed that VR-based core stabilization exercise can be effective in improving upper extremity function and postural control among patients with stroke more than the sole application of general physical therapy.