• Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
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• v.22 no.10
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• pp.985-993
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• 2012

In this paper, a new method is proposed to estimate the sound pressure generated from gasoline direct injection (GDI) engine. There are many noise sources as much as components in GDI engine. Among these components, fuel pump, fuel injector, fuel rail, pressure pump and intake/exhaust manifolds are major components generated from top of the engine. In order to estimate the contribution of these components to engine noise, the total sound pressure at the front of the engine is estimated by using airborne source quantification (ASQ) method. Airborne source quantification method requires the acoustic source volume velocity of each component. The volume velocity has been calculated by using the inverse method. The inverse method requires many tests and has ill-condition problem. This paper suggested a method to obtain volume velocity directly based on the direct measurement of sound intensity and particle velocity. The method is validated by using two known monopole sources installed at the anechoic chamber. Finally the proposed method is applied to the identification and contribution of noise sources caused by the GDI components of the test engine.

• Journal of ILASS-Korea
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.61-65
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• 2013

In case of GDI engine, shape of injected fuel and injection mass are one of the most important factors for good fuel efficiency and power. But it should be too inefficient and difficult to acquire injection mass data by experiment because condition in engine vary with temperature, pressure, and so on. So, this paper suggests the AMESim (Advanced Modeling Environment for Simulation of Engineering Systems) as simulation program to calculate injection mass. For both simulation and experiment, n-heptane is used as fuel. In AMESim, I modeled the GDI injector and simulated several cases. In experiment, I acquired the injection mass using Bosch method to apply ambient pressure. The AMESim show reasonable result in comparison with experimental data especially at injection pressure 15 MPa. Other conditions are also in good accord with experimental data but error is a little bit large because the injection mass is so low.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.44-50
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• 2002

The spray characteristics of GDI(Gasoline Direct Injection) injector affects on engine efficiency and emission of a GDI engine. Thus, many researchers have investigated the spray characteristics and the mixture formation of GDI injector. In this study, it was tried to provide the fundamental data for GDl injector design which effects on the spray macroscopic characteristics such as penetration and spray angle. In addition, the mixture formation analyzed by using entropy analysis. The entropy analysis is based on the concept of statistical entropy, and it identifies the degree of homogeneity in the fuel concentration. The results show that as injection pressure increases but as ambient pressure increases, spray penetration decreases and spray angle doesn't affected by increasing injection pressure and ambient temperature. From the entropy analysis results, we could find that the direct diffusion phenomena is a dominant factor in the formation of a homogeneous mixture at downstream of GDI spray especially in vaporizing conditions.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Combustion
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.7-12
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• 2013

A quasidimensional program is developed for a four stroke cycle homogeneous GDI (Gasoline Direct Injection) engine. It includes models for spray, burning rate and chemistry to predict knock and emissions. With early injection a homogeneous GDI engine goes through spark ignited, turbulent premixed combustion as in PFI (Port Fuel Injection) engines. The cylinder charge is divided into unburned and burned zone with the latter divided into multiple zones of equal mass to resolve temperature stratification. Validation is performed against measured pressure traces, NOx and CO emissions at different load and RPM conditions. Comparison is made between an empirical knock model and predictions by the chemistry model in this work.

• Journal of ILASS-Korea
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.156-161
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• 2015

This paper described the effect of dual clutch transmissions on the stability emissions characteristic in a GDI engine at vehicle Inspection and Maintenance(I/M) program. In order to investigate the influence of direct injection gasoline engine with DCT, the experimental apparatus consisted of GDI engine with 4 cylinder, dynamometer and exhaust emissions analyzer. Analyzed emission gas include CO, HC and NOx results that DCT vehicle in the case of NOx, HC in automatic transmission vehicles less than 1/2 level was confirmed to be exhausted. However vehicle specific power increases CO also has increased.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.37-47
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• 2002

Recently gasoline direct injection method has been applied to gasoline engine to reduce fuel consumption rate by controlling fuel air mixture on lean condition by means of stratified charging, and to reduce simultaneously. Pollutant emissions especially NOx and CO by lowering the combustion temperature. But difficulty of controling local fuel air ratio at ignition area in flammability limit unavoidably appeared, because it is merely controlled by injection timing with spatial and temporal distribution of fuel mixture. In this study, the authors devised a uniquely shaped combustion chamber so called three-chamber GDI engine, intended to keep the more reliable fuel air ratio at ignition area. The combustion chamber is divided into three regions. The first region is in the rich combustion division, where the fuel is injected from the fuel injection valve and ignited by the spark plug. The second region is in the lean combustion division, where the combustion gas from the rich combustion division flows out and burns on lean condition. And the last region is in the main combustion division ie in the cylinder, where the gas from the above two combustion divisions mixed together and completes the combustion during expansion stroke. They found that the stable range of operation of three-chamber GDI engine on low-load condition exists in the lean area of average equivalence ratio. And they also found that the reformed engine reveals less specific fuel consumption and less pollutant emissions compared with conventional carburettor type gasoline engine.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.183-188
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• 2016

Engine oil plays an important role in the mechanical lubrication and cooling of a vehicle engine. Recently, engine development has focused on the adoption of gasoline direct injection (GDI) and turbocharging methodology to achieve high-power and high-speed performance. However, oil dilution is a problem for GDI engines. Oil dilution occurs owing to high-pressure fuel injection into the combustion chamber when the engine is cold. The chemical components of engine oil are currently developed to accommodate gasoline fuel; however, bio-alcohol mixtures have become a recent trend in fuel development. Bio-alcohol fuels are alternatives to fossil fuels that can reduce vehicle emissions levels and greenhouse gas pollution. Therefore, the chemical components of engine oil should be improved to accommodate bio-alcohol fuels. This study employs a 2.0 L turbo-gas direct injection (T-GDI) engine in an experiment that dilutes oil with fuel. The experiment utilizes a variety of fuels, including sub-octane gasoline fuel (E0) and a bio-alcohol fuel mixture (Ethanol E3~E7). The results show that the lowest amount of oil dilution occurs when using E3 fuel. Analyzing the diluted engine oil by measuring density and moisture with respect to kinematic viscosity shows that the lowest values of these parameters occur when testing E3 fuel. The reason is confirmed to influence the vapor pressure of the low concentration bio-alcohol-fuel mixture.

• Journal of ILASS-Korea
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.221-226
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• 2014

This paper described the effect of split injections on the stability of combustion and emission characteristics in a direct injection gasoline engine at various operating conditions. In order to investigate the influence of direct injection gasoline engine, the fuel injection timing was varied direct fuel injection at various fuel pressure. The experimental apparatus consisted of GDI engine with 4 cylinder, EC dynamometer, injection control system, and exhaust emissions analyzer. The emission and combustion characteristics were analyzed for the fuel injection timing and fuel injection pressure strategies. It is revealed that CO and HC emissions are dramatically decreased at advanced injection timing. Also, engine performance is increased at increase fuel injection pressure.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.402-409
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• 2015

In this study a quasi-dimensional model is developed to predict the combustion process and emissions of a GDI engine under ultra-lean conditions. Combustion of a GDI engine condition is modeled as two simultaneous processes to consider significant fuel stratification. The first process is premixed flame propagation described as burning in a hemispherically propagating flame. The second is diffusion-controlled combustion modeled as mixing of multiple spray zones in the burned gas region. Mixing is an important factor in ultra-lean conditions leaving stratified mixture of developing sprays behind the propagating premixed flame. Sheet breakup and Hiroyasu models are applied to predict the velocity of a hollow cone spray. Validation is performed against measured pressures and NOx and CO emissions at different load and rpm conditions in the test engine.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.27.2-27.2
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• 2005