• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.91-96
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to find problems about pedestrian road of tourist resort and to make new type of sidewalk pavement with wood chip and binder using urethane resin on the parks and tourist resort. The wood chip pavement has new economics and durability with comfortable texture. Samples of these pavement materials were tested for tensile strength, permeability and ball rebound value. Also, after immersion for 24 hours, tensile strength, samples' thickness and weight were measured and discussed the strength reduction according to the water immersion. Tensile strength experimentation was examined on dry condition and water immersion. The result of examination on dry condition was 1.06MPa and on water immersion was 0.67MPa. The results showed 36.8% decreasing rate of tensile strength. Permeability experiment test based on field permeability method of pavement were conducted as a result, permeability coefficients were in the range of 0.67~0.78mm/s that all exceeds object permeability coefficient. Elasticity experiment was based on elasticity test method of Japan road association. GB coefficient was 21% and SB coefficient was 10%. GB coefficient and SB coefficient increased if fine aggregate were increased.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.33-41
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• 2011

The objective of this study was to compare the shear bond strengths of five dentin adhesive systems cured with three different light curing sources. Seventy five noncarious permanent teeth were collected and stored in an 0.1% thymol solution at room temperature after extraction. The tested adhesives were: Adper Scotchbond Multi-purpose Plus Adhesive (SM) Adper Single bond 2 (SB), Clearfil SE Bond (SE), Adper Prompt L-Pop (PL), G-Bond (GB). And three light curing unit systems were used: Elipar Free light 2(LED), OptiLux 501 (Halogen), Flipo (PAC). For the shear bonding test, the labial and lingual surfaces of permanent teeth were used. To obtain a flat dentin surface, the labial and lingual surfaces of the teeth were sanded on SiO2 with number 600 grit and then divided into 15 groups of 10 surfaces each. All samples were theromocycled in water $5^{\circ}C$ and $55^{\circ}C$ for 1000 cycles. The results were as follows: 1. When cured with Freelight 2, the shear bond strength of SM was significantly higher than that of PL, GB (p<0.05), whereas no significant difference was found among those of any other bonding agents. 2. When cured with Optilux 501, the shear bond strength of SM was significantly higher than those of any other bonding agents (p<0.05), whereas no singnificant difference was found among those of andy other bonding agents. 3. When cured with Flipo, the shear bond strength of SM was significantly higher than those of SB, SE, GB (p<0.05), whereas no significant differences was found among those of any other bonding agents. 4. For comparison according to three different light cure unit system, except SB and GB, each three dentin bonding agents showed no significant difference. For SB, only Freelight 2 was significantly higher than the others, with no significant difference between Optilux 501 and Flip. For GB, Statistically significant difference was found only between Freelight and Flipo.

• Journal of Scientific & Technological Knowledge Infrastructure
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• s.2
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• pp.36-40
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• 2000

SDB는 중국과학원의 전산정보센터(CNC-Computer Network information Center)을 포함한 22개 기관, 200명 이상의 연구원이 참여하고 있다. 전산망정보센터를 제외한 21개 기관에서 작성하는 전문 데이터베이스는 130개로 560GB에 이른다.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.91-100
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• 2011

Objectives : To classify needling or moxibustion-prohibited acupoints in Emergency Formulas Worth a Thousand in Gold (EFWTG) and Supplement to the Formulas Worth a Thousand in Gold (SFWTG). Methods : We found needling or moxibustion-prohibited acupoints in EFWTG and SFWTG, then investigated the influences of needling or moxibustion-prohibited acupoints on A-B Classic of Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Results : In EFWTG, the needling-prohibited points were LI13, ST17, BL56, TE8, CV8, CV15 and GV24. Acupoints needed careful needling were LU2, ST12, KI2, KI7, TE19, GB3 and jwagak. The moxibustion-prohibited points were LU3, LU8, ST1, ST8, ST9, ST17, ST32, ST33, BL6, BL30, TE18, TE23, GB33, GB42, CV5, CV15, GV6, GV15, GV16 and GV17. Acupoints needed careful moxibustion were ST7, ST30, TE21 and GB22. In SFWTG, the needling-prohibited points were LU2, LI13, ST12, ST17, ST32, BL56, KI2, KI7, TE8, TE19, GB3, CV8, CV15, GV24 and jwagak. The moxibustion-prohibited points were LU3, LU8, ST1, ST7, ST8, ST9, ST17, ST30, ST32, ST33, BL6, BL30, TE18, TE23, GB22, GB33, GB42, CV5, CV15, GV6, GV15, GV16, GV17 and ijung. Conclusions : There were 7 needling-prohibited points, 7 acupoints needed careful needling, 20 moxibustion-prohibited points, and 4 acupoints needed careful needling in EFWTG, and 15 needling-prohibited points and 24 moxibustion-prohibited points in SFWTG. The needling or moxibustion-prohibited acupoints in A-B Classic of Acupuncture and Moxibustion had a strong influence on those in the two literatures.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.77-87
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• 2002

Like acupuncture, magnetic therapy has been known to yield effectiveness when it is applied to relieve from fatigue, musculoskelectal diseases, sore sites, rheumatic arthritis and chronic pain syndromes. However, combined application of acupuncture and magnet has not yet been studied. This study is designed to investigate effectiveness of acupuncture therapy when in the magnetic field for the pain relief. Magnetic field was made by magnetic ring ($7{\psi}{\times}2.3{\psi}{\times}1.5mm$). Twenty-one male swimmers with latent muscular pain at the GB21 area in the university course of physical education in Daegu were chosen and divided into three groups; 1) acupuncture treatment group (n=7), 2) acupuncture treatment with iron ring group (n=7), 3) acupuncture treatment with magnetic ring group (n=7). Manual Acupuncture was given to the GB21 point for 20 minutes. The degree of pressure pain threshold (PPT, $kg/cm^2$) in GB21 was measured with algometer. Before acupuncture treatment, the PPT values were $6.08{\pm}1.69$, $6.39{\pm}1.72$ and $5.59{\pm}1.11$ in acupuncture treatment group, acupuncture treatment with iron ring group, acupuncture treatment with magnetic ring group, respectively. After acupuncture treatment, the PPT values were $6.48{\pm}2.33$, $6.31{\pm}1.31$ and $6.59{\pm}1.80$, respectively. Pressure threshold was significantly increased in the acupuncture treatment with magnetic ring group compared to the other groups. Based on these results, acupuncture treatment with magnetic ring produced better effects on pain threshold, and these effects can be considered to be associated with the currents or voltages induced by the acupuncture needle and magnetic ring at present.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.37-44
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• 2013

Objectives The present study was designed to investigate the effects of bee venom extract pharmacopunctureon (BVP) at 肩井 (GB21) on the changes in regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) in normal rats, and further to determine the mechanisms. Methods We purchased rats about 300g and prepared diluted BVP with normal saline. And we injected diluted BVP to rats gradually progressed from 0.001 mg/kg to 0.1 mg/kg at corresponding region to GB21. After injection, we measured the changes in rCBF and MABP of rats. In addition, to determine the mechanisms of this changes, we did the same experiments twice more after pretreatment with indomethacin and metylene blue separately. Results BVP significantly increased rCBF but decreased MABP, suggesting that BVP potently may increase rCBF by dilating pial arterial diameter. Furthermore, the increase of BVP-induced rCBF and the decrease of BVP-induced MABP were significantly blocked by pretreatment with cyclooxygenase inhibitor, indomethacin (1 mg/kg, i.p.). But the increase of BVP-induced rCBF and the decrease of BVP-induced MABP were not blocked by pretreatment with guanylate cyclase inhibitor, methylene blue (0.01 mg/kg, i.p.). Conclusions These findings indicate that the action of BVP is mediated by cyclooxygenase. Furthermore these results suggest that BVP can increase rCBF in normal state, as well as improve the stability of rCBF in ischemic state.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.145-167
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• 2004

Objective : Neuropathic pain can be caused by a partial peripheral nerve injury. This kind of pain is usually accompanied by spontaneous burning pain, allodynia and hyperalgesia. It is not clear that scolopendrid aqua-acupuncture can control neuropathic pain effectively. The purpose of this study is to examine if scolopendrid aqua-acupuncture may be effective to the neuropathic pain (mechanical allodynia, cold allodynia) in a rat model of neuropathic pain. Methods : To produce the model of neuropathic pain, under isoflurane 2.5% anesthesia, tibial nerve and sural nerve was resected. After the neuropathic surgery, the author examined if the animals exhibited the behavioral signs of allodynia. The allodynia was assessed by stimulating the medial malleolus with von Frey filament and acetone. Three weeks after the neuropathic surgery, scolopendrid aqua-acupuncture was injected at Hwando(GB30) one time a day for one week. After that the author examined the withdrawl response of neuropathic rats' legs by von Frey filament and acetone stimulation. And also the author examined c-fos in the midbrain central gray of neuropathic rats and the change of WBC count in the blood of neuropathic rats. Results & Conclusion : 1. The scolopendrid aqua-acupuncture injected at Hwando(GB30) decreased the withdrawl response of mechanical allodynia in SHA-1, SHA-2 and SAH-3 group as compared with control group. 2. The scolopendrid aqua-acupuncture injected at Hwando(GB30) decreased the withdrawl response of chemical allodynia(cold allodynia) in SHA-1, SHA-2 and SAH-3 group as compared with control group. 3. The scolopendrid aqua-acupuncture injected at Hwando(GB30) showed the significant difference between sham group and control group(p=0.01), sham and SHA-3 group(p=0.026), control group and SHA-1 group(p=0.01), control group and SHA-2 group(p=0.024) in the c-fos expression. 4. The scolopendrid aqua-acupuncture injected at Hwando(GB30) showed the significant difference between sham group and SHA-3 group(p=0.010), control group and SHA-3 group(p=0.006) in the WBC count.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.528-534
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• 2015

Green manure crops have been well recognized as the alternative for chemical fertilizer, especially N fertilizer, because of its positive effect on soil and the environment. Hairy vetch and green barley are the most popular crops for cultivation of rice in paddy field. This study was conducted to evaluate effects of hairy vetch and green barley on soil microbial community and chemical properties during short-term application (three years). For this study, treatments were composed of hairy vetch (Hv), green barley (Gb), hairy vetch + green barley (Hv+Gb), and chemical fertilizer without green manure crops (Con.). Hv+Gb treatment showed the highest microbial biomass among treatments. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that PC1 (73.0 %) was affected by microbial biomass and PC2 (21.5 %) was affected by fungi, cy19:0/18:$1{\omega}7c$ (stress indicator). Combined treatment with hairy vetch and green barley could be more efficient than green manure crop treatment as well as chemical fertilizer treatment for improvement of soil microorganisms.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.57-70
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• 2010

Objectives : To investigate the meaning and the importance of needling or moxibustion- prohibited acupoints in Chimgugapeulgyeong(鍼灸甲乙經). Methods : We found needling or moxibustion-prohibited acupoints in Chimgugapeulgyeong, then investigated the causes of the prohibitions from the various literatures and the anatomical structures near the acupoints. Results : In Chimgugapeulgyeong, the needling and moxibustion-prohibited points were ST9, ST17, ST32, CV5, and CV15. The needling-prohibited points were LU2, LI13, ST12, BL56, KI2, KI7, TE8, TE19, GB3, CV8, GV24, and jwagak(左角). The moxibustion-prohibited points were LU3, LU8, ST1, ST7, ST8, ST30, ST33, BL5, BL6, BL15, BL30, TE18, TE21, TE23, GB22, GB33, GB42, GV6, GV15, GV16, GV17 and GV25. The major cause of developing prohibited needling or moxibustion was due to the possibility to damage vessels or organs near them; other causes were side effects brought by applying wrong stimulating method or inducing women sterilized. Conclusions : The prohibition of needling or moxibustion on the points found in Chimgugapeulgyeong had acceptable causes. Therefore the techniques of needling or moxibustion on the acupoint should be performed with care.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.417-426
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• 2019

Purpose: Although an increased incidence of gallbladder (GB) stone formation after gastrectomy has been reported, its etiology remains uncertain. The goal of this study was to explore the incidence of gallstone formation after gastrectomy in gastric cancer patients and investigate the risk factors therein. Materials and Methods: Medical records of patients who underwent curative gastrectomy, performed by a single surgeon between August 2012 and December 2015 at the Asan Medical Center, were retrospectively reviewed. Baseline characteristics and surgical outcomes, including GB stone gallstone formation after gastrectomy, were analyzed. Results: Of 561 patients included in the study, 36 presented with GB stone formation after gastrectomy for gastric cancer. The incidence of gallstone formation was 6.4%. The mean interval between gallstone formation and gastrectomy was 21.9 months. In multivariate analyses, the incidence of gallstone formation increased in patients 63 years or older, with greater than 6.2 kg weight loss in the first 6 months after the procedure, a preoperative serum total bilirubin level greater than 0.5 mg/dL, and in patients who did not receive adjuvant chemotherapy. Conclusions: This study presented risk factors for GB stone formation after gastric cancer surgery, and special attention should be afforded to patients with such risk factors.