• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.203-209
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• 2018

Objectives : The GB18 belongs to one of the 92 controversial points in the development of WHO standard of acupuncture point location. The number of Chon measurement of GB18 is described differently in the A-B Classic of Acupuncture and Moxibustion (ChimGuGakEulKyung; AB Classic) and the Complete Compendium of Acupuncture and Moxibustion(ChimGuDaeSeong; Complete Compendium). The aim of the study is to review the point location of GB18 and compare the relation of the location of BL7. In addition, I would like to propose new locating method of GB18. Methods : In order to review I examined the expressions of the location of GB18 and the mapping location on the acupuncture chart in the landmark classic acupuncture literatures. Results : In the most literatures, the location of GB18 was described by the distance from the GB17. The distance was 1.5 chon with one exception of 1 chon. The intervals from GB15 to GB18 was 1 chon or 1.5 chon. Although the distance from the anterior hairline is the same as 4 chon, mapping points of GB18 and BL7 on the acupuncture chart were different. Conclusions : Consequently, in the AB Classic, meaning of the location is the actual distance of scalp surface. In the Complete Compendium, however, meaning of the location is the hypothetical distance in the imaginary scalp surface. Therefore, it is safe to find the GB18 on the same level with GV20 on the connecting line of bilateral auricular apexes. The relation of GB18 and BL7 should be reconsidered.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.8-15
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• 2021

Objectives : This study was conducted to explain the locations of GV24, BL4, GB15, GB13, and ST8 from classic literatures. Methods : 17 classics of acupuncture and moxibustion literature - 『Huangdimingtangjingjixiao』, 『Zhenjiujiayijing』, 『Huangdimingtangjiujing』, 『Beijiqianjinyaofang』, 『Qianjinyifang』, 『Waitaimiyaofang』, 『Ishimpo』, 『Taipingshenghuifang』, 『Tongrenshuxuezhenjiutujing』, 『Zhenjiuzishengjing』, 『Shisijingfahui』, 『Zhenjiujuying』, 『Yixuerumen』, 『Zhenjiudacheng』, 『Leijingtuyi』, 『Chimgukyungheombang』 and 『Yizongjinjian』 - were reviewed and compared. Results : Location of GV24 was on the midpoint of the anterior hairline before Song Dynasty, but changed to 0.5 cun directly above the midpoint of the anterior hairline after Song Dynasty. The locations of BL4, GB13 and ST8 varied among literatures. Conclusions : The locations of GV24, BL4, GB15, GB13 and ST8 were different from the standard acupoint locations, and were not consistent in 17 acupuncture and moxibustion classic literatures.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.172-177
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• 2007

The hydrolysis reaction of sarin(GB), one of the nerve agents was studied in aqueous sodium hydroxide(NaOH) solutions to find the experimental conditions which can convert GB into the less toxic compounds. 10 wt% of GB was added into the aqueous NaOH(2.05 eq) in a small-scale jacket-attached reactor connected to a circulator. The reaction rate constants were measured at three temperatures(50, 70 and $90^{\circ}C$) and the reaction times required to degrade the material to > 99% were calculated at different temperatures. In this study, 10 wt% of GB was degraded to 99.99% in 1.2hr at $90^{\circ}C$ by the aqueous NaOH solution. The major hydrolysate of GB was isopropyl methylphosphonate.

• Journal of Genetic Medicine
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.45-52
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• 2007

Purpose : A simple, rapid, and highly sensitive analytical method for Gb3 in plasma was developed without labor-ex tensive pre-treatment by electrospray ionization MS/ MS (ESI-MS/MS). Measurement of globotriaosy lceramide (Gb3, ceramide trihex oside) in plasma has clinical importance for monitoring after enzyme replacement therapy in Fabry disease patients. The disease is an X-linked lipid storage disorder that results from a deficiency of the enzyme ${\alpha}$-galactosidase A (${\alpha}$-Gal A). The lack of ${\alpha}$-Gal A causes an intracellular accumulation of glycosphingolipids, mainly Gb3. Methods : Only simple 50-fold dilution of plasma is necessary for the extraction and isolation of Gb3 in plasma. Gb3 in diluted plasma was dissolved in dioxane containing C17:0 Gb3 as an internal standard. After centrifugation it was directly injected and analyzed through guard column by in combination with multiple reaction monitoring mode of ESI-MS/MS. Results : Eight isoforms of Gb3 were completely resolved from plasma matrix. C16:0 Gb3 occupied 50% of total Gb3 as a major component in plasma. Linear relationship for Gb3 isoforms w as found in the range of 0.001-1.0 ${\mu}g$/mL. The limit of detection (S/N=3) was 0.001 ${\mu}g$/mL and limit of quantification was 0.01 ${\mu}g$/mL for C16:0 Gb3 with acceptable precision and accuracy. Correlation coefficient of calibration curves for 8 Gb3 isoforms ranged from 0.9678 to 0.9982. Conclusion : This quantitative method developed could be useful for rapid and sensitive 1st line Fabry disease screening, monitoring and/or diagnostic tool for Fabry disease.

• Journal of KIISE:Databases
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.362-371
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• 2005

Similarity indexing and searching are well known to be difficult in high-dimensional applications such as multimedia databases. Especially, they become more difficult when multiple features have to be indexed together. In this paper, we propose a novel indexing method called the GB-index that is designed to efficiently handle complex similarity queries as well as relevance feedback in high-dimensional image databases. In order to provide the flexibility in controlling multiple features and query objects, the GB-index treats each dimension independently The efficiency of the GB-index is realized by specialized bitmap indexing that represents all objects in a database as a set of bitmaps. Main contributions of the GB-index are three-fold: (1) It provides a novel way to index high-dimensional data; (2) It efficiently handles complex similarity queries; and (3) Disjunctive queries driven by relevance feedback are efficiently treated. Empirical results demonstrate that the GB-index achieves great speedups over the sequential scan and the VA-file.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.141-161
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• 2007

Objectives & Methods : The purpose of this study is to investigate the anti-oxidative effects of electroacupuncture at Hyunjong (GB39) in rats. The author performed several experimental items including change of body weight, relative liver weight, level of albumin, total bilirubin, LDL-Cholesterol, LDH, GOT and GPT in blood serum, level of SOD, glutathione, catalase, NO and MDA in liver, histological change of liver. Results : 1. In the GB39-EA group, body weights were decreased in the early stages, but increased later on gradually. 2. In the GB39-EA group, the level of LDL-cholesterol was significantly decreased in comparison with that of the holder group, sham-EA group and GB39-NR group. 3. In the GB39-EAgroup, liver SOD, glutathione, catalase activity were increased, and NO density was decreased in comparison with those of the holder group, sham-EA group and GB39-NR group. MDA activity was significantly decreased in comparison with that of the holder group. 4. In the GB39-EA group, the density of liver tissue was more similarly maintained to the normal group in comparison with that of the holder group and sham-EA group. 5. The results of the GB39-EA group showed similar tendency with those of the GB39-EA group, but the effects were lower than those of the GB39-EA group. Conclusions : These results suppose that electroacupuncture at GB39 has an anti oxidative effect in human.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.134-139
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• 2004

A clock recovery circuit for a 40 Gb/s optical receiver has been designed and implemented. The clock recovery circuit consists of pre-amplifiers, a nonlinear circuit with diodes, a bandpass filter and a clock amplifier. Before implementing the 40 Gb/s clock recovery circuit, a 10 Gb/s clock recovery circuit has been successfully implemented and tested. With the 40 Gb/s clock recovery circuit, when a 40 Gb/s signal of -10 dBm was applied to the input of the circuit, the 40 GHz clock was recovered with the -20 dBm output power after passing through the nonlinear circuit. The output signal from the nonlinear circuit passes through a narrow-band filter, and then amplified. The implemented clock recovery circuit is planned to be used for the input of a phase locked loop to further stabilize the recovered clock signal and to reduce the clock jitter.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.268-274
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• 2008

This paper proposes an open-loop clock recovery circuit (CRC) using two high-Q dielectric resonator (DR) filters for 39.8 Gb/s and 42.8 Gb/s dual-mode operation. The DR filters are fabricated to obtain high Q-values of approximately 950 at the 40 GHz band and to suppress spurious resonant modes up to 45 GHz. The CRC is implemented in a compact module by integrating the DR filters with other circuits in the CRC. The peak-to-peak and RMS jitter values of the clock signals recovered from 39.8 Gb/s and 42.8 Gb/s pseudo-random binary sequence (PRBS) data with a word length of $2^{31}-1$ are less than 2.0 ps and 0.3 ps, respectively. The peak-to-peak amplitudes of the recovered clocks are quite stable and within the range of 2.5 V to 2.7 V, even when the input data signals vary from 150 mV to 500 mV. Error-free operation of the 40 Gb/s-class optical receiver with the dual-mode CRC is confirmed at both 39.8 Gb/s and 42.8 Gb/s data rates.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.75-80
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• 2004

In an attempt to develop effective biocontrol system for management of stem rot disease in groundnut, 57 bacterial isolates and 13 isolates of Trichoderma spp. were evaluated for their antagonistic activity against Sclerotium rolfsii. The antagonists were selected based on their ability to inhibit the external growth of S. rolfsii from infected groundnut seeds. Four isolates of Pseudomonas fluorescens, GB 4, GB 8, GB 10 and GB 27, and T. viride pq 1 were identified as potent antagonists of S. rolfsii. T. viride pq 1 produced extracellular chitinase and parasitized the mycelium of S. rolfsii. Under controlled environment conditions, P. fluorescens GB 10, GB 27, T. viride pq 1 and the systemic fungicide Thiram(equation omitted) reduced the mortality of S. rolfsii inoculated to groundnut seedlings by 58.0％, 55.9％, 70.0％ and 25.9％, respectively compared to control. In vitro growth of P. fluorescens GB 10 and GB 27 was compatible with T. viride pq 1 and Thiram(equation omitted). Integrated use of these two bacterial isolates with T. viride pq 1 or Thiram(equation omitted) improved their biocontrol efficacy. Combined application of either GB 10 or GB 27 with T. viride pq 1 was significantly effective than that with Thiram(equation omitted) in protecting groundnut seedlings from stem rot infection.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.13-25
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• 2009

Objectives : This study was performed to investigate acupoints and muscles used for cosmetic acupuncture. We want most clinicians practicing cosmetic acupuncture to understand theoretical background well and to treat cosmetic diseases more diversely by this paper. Methods : We collected useful informations from some books and websites about cosmetic acupuncture and thus could select major acupoints and muscles. Conculsions : The most frequently used acupoints for cosmetic acupoints are as follows ; LI20, ST1, ST2, ST3, ST4, ST5, ST6, ST7, ST8, SI18, SI19, BL1, BL2, BL3, BL4, TE17, TE18, TE19, TE20, TE21, TE22, TE23, GB1, GB2, GB3, GB4, GB5, GB6, GB7, GB8, GB13, GB14, GV20, GV21, GV22, GV23, GV24, GV25, GV26 and CV24. And head and neck muscles including SCM muscle, plastyma, frontalis, corrugator supercilii, orbicularis oculi, auricularis, temporalis, masseter, pterygoid, zygomaticus and risorius can be used for cosmetic acupuncture. Most acupoints and muscles are located in face and head, which seemed to be concerned with formation of face wrinkles.